SOURCE HEADER | URL: https://archive.org/download/historietravail00majogoog/historietravail00majogoog_djvu.txt | Edition: Strachey, Historie, ed. Major 1849 (Google scan; poorer OCR, kept for collation) | Fetched: 2026-09-14 (UTC) by worker B | Raw OCR/plain text, unedited ---- Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficuk to discover. 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Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement habihty can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http : //books . google . com/ fii r WORKS ISSUED BY Cj^f 3^afelugt ^oeietg* THE HISTORIB OP TRAVAILS INTO VIRGINIA. U.DCCC.XLIX THE HISTORIE OF TRAVAILE VIRGINIA BRITANNIA; EXPRESSING THE COSMOGRAPHIE AND COMODITIES OF THE COUNTRY, TOGITHER WITH THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMES OF THE PEOPLE. OATHEKKD AHD OBSERVED AS WELL BI THOSE WHO WENT FIRST THITHER AS COLLECTED BY WILLIAM STRACHEY, GENT., THE FIKST SRCBETjIKr OF THR C0L0!IT. NOW Flk«T EO1TB0 VBOM TBE ORIOlflAL HANCt><:aiPT, IN TliK BRITISH MUSEUM, ST R. H. MAJOR, ESQ., or T«M BHiTiAR Huaffru^ LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY. M.DCCC.XI.IX 910 f4 /si I .'^?059 'jQ^v-ty niniARDs, ino, st. martin's l*nr. THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY. ConiufU SIR RODERICK IMPEY MORCHISON, G.C.StS., F.B.S , Corr. Mem. Inst. Ft. Hon. Mam. Imp. Acad. Sc St. Paterabnig, &c., Ac, Pbbsidbnt. Vicx-Aduiral Sib CHARLES MALCOLM, Knt. ) Tb« Rev. W. WHEWELL. D.D., M«t. T. C. C. | Vici^P««..o>«r,. Rkib-Admibil Sib FRANCIS BEAUFORT, Kkt. CHARLES T. BEKE, Esq., Fbil. D., F.S.A. Captaim C. R. DRINKWATER BETHUNE, R.N., C.B. Majos^knbb&l J. BRIGOS, F R.S. WILLIAM DESBOROUGH COOLEY, Esq BOLTON CORNEV. Esq., M.RS.L SiE HENRY ELLIS, K.H., B.C.L., F.R.S. JOHN POINTER, Esq. R. W. GREY, Esq., M.P. JOHN HOLMES, Esq. JOHN WINTER JONES, Esq, P. LEVESQUE, Esq. Thb Very RnvEaBSD thb DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. R. MONCKTON MILNES, Esq., MP. Thb Mabqcbsb of NORTHAMPTON. Rbv. G. C. RENODARD, M.A. THOMAS RUNDALL, Esq. AajDREW SMITH, Esq., M.D. R. H. MAJOR, Esq, F,R.G.S., Honorary Skcrktarv. EDITOR'S PREFACE. The prophetic quotation which the author of this work has placed upon his title-page, seems to indicate an anticipation on his part, that his manuscript would one day be printed ; and its interesting date and curious details, have given the Editor reason to congratulate himself upon the fact, that the Ilakluyt Society is the "generation" prognosticated. Two copies of the manuscript, hoth in the author's handwriting (for there are a sufficient number of instances of it in the British Museum to prove its identity), are all that have come under the Editor's notice; one in the Sloane Collection, No. 1622, in the British Museum, from which the present publication has been transcribed; and the other among the Ash- inolean Manuscripts, No. 1734. The only difference between these two, is an alteration in the title of the second book, and the addition to the titles, both of the 6rst and second books, of the motto of Alget qui non ardef. The Museum copy La dedicated to Sir Francis Bacon, *' Lord High Chancellor" ; and that in the Ashmolean Library to Sir Allen Apsley, " Purveyor to His Majesties Navie Royall." viii PBEFACE. That the author was a man of an intelligent and observing mind will be evident from a perusal of the following pages. That he was a man of considerable learning will be likewise evident; although it must be acknowledged that he was not without a tincture of the pedantry common to the age, which has led him occasionally to illustrate his descriptions by the em- ployment of classical expressions, and those of such an unusual character, that the Editor has been compelled, in his duty to the reader, to make annotations appa- rently but little suited to the general tenour of the narrative. This defect, however, it is hoped, will be found to be amply compensated by the intrinsic merit of the work itself, especially when the date at which it was written is taken into consideration. R. H. M. ■RODUCTION. Thr EnrroR was extremely desirous of commencing tbis introJuction with a short biograpliical notice of William Strachcy, the author of the following: pages ; but notwithstanding that he has used his best ex- ertions, he has been unsuccessful in discovering any- thing more respecting him, than such few points as connect him immediately with the subject of the work itself.' The place and date of his birth, as well as those of his death, are unknown. That he was a person of importance in Virginia we shall horoaftcr show. But in the absence of sufficient materials to make even the 1 T]ie Eilitor having com muni cat e*l with Sir Henry Sirachriy, Bart., of Sutton Court, Somersetshire, as to tlie possibility of bis connuxion with the Strachey of this MS., wae kinilly permytted, throngh the obliging mctliuin of Eilwiird Stracliey, Esij. of Clifton, and William Strachey, Esq. of London, fo inspect the family ptiligree. Fi-om tliis it Appeared that there wna a William Slmchey of Saffron WalJen, who was married in 1588, and was alive in 1630, a range of years including the period of our MS.: but no mention was made of his having been to Virginia. It is rutnurkublu, howevei-, llint his grandson of the same name is espe- cially referred to as having craigrntud to that place. It would appear not improbable that the former of them m&y be idecticol with the Virgiiiinn adveiitnrer, and thiit the latter may have gone to America under tlie influence of bis grandfather's distinguished connexion with the colony. Mention is made twice or tbricu ia various of the Ilarlcinn MSS. of a William Strachey of Saffron Walden about the some period. b 11 INTflODUCTION. slightest biograijlilciil sketch, the Editor lias thought it better simply to introJucc his name at those points of the following introductory outline of the progress of the colony, where it naturally falls in with the thread of the narrative. It is presumed that the two following questions will most naturally suggest themselves, upon the pcrusul of our title-page. First, what is the period of this Historie of Travaile f and secondly, what degree of interest does the date of the narrative involve, with reference to the history of the country of which it treats? Tlie period referred to in our title-page, ranges over 1610, IGII, and 1612; and if wc call to mind that the first definite settlement of Virginia, or in otlier words, the first permanent colonization of America by the British, took pkce only in 1607, it must be evident that this period is one of the Iiighcst intei'cst to all who read with pleasure what Hakluyt calls "the industrious labors and painefuU travels of our coun- trymen." The title of the English to the soil of which wc eventually gained possession, as well as the description of the principal previous visitations of our country- men to the western coasts of Aracrica — both points forming suitable introductory matter to a work like the present — have been dealt with by the author him- self, all quaintly and briefly though it bp, in the suc- ceeding pages. His "premonition to the reader" leaves all allusion to tlie first question unnecessary; and the second book (which might more correctly have been the first instead of the second), embodies the narrative of those earlier voyages, which though un- INTKODUCTION. Ill successful in offectin^ settlcmenfa, paved the way to the ulthiiate colonization of the country. Many attempts at this great object had been made by the English, under the coraraand of Sir Hugh Willoughby and Martin Fpo])isher, and finally under patents jgrantcd by Elizabeth in the early part of her reign to Sir tluniphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh, but without any permanently favourable result. These several voyages, however, though fulling short of the purpose for which they were originated, were not unproductive of intcref5tiug narratives (brief, it is true, but unitedly too lengthy even for & digested repetition here), which may yet, perhaps, be appro- priately enumerated for the reader's advantage for reference. G. Best. Discourae of the late voyages and of discoveries for the finding of a passag:e to Cathaya by the nord-weaat, under the conduct of Jliirtin Frobisher, general, with a particular card thereunto adjoined of Mcta Xucoguita, 4to. London, Bijuneifuin, 1578. Reprinted in Hakluyt. A prayse and report of Maister Martyne Forhoisher voyage to !Mcta Incognita, now spoken of by Thomas Churchyard, gentl. Impriuted for Andrew Mauiisell in Paulca Church- yard, at the sign of the Parrot, 8vo. «. l- {circ. 1580.) R. Hakluyt. Divers voyages touching the discovcric of America ami the iMlantlsi adjacent unto the same, made first of all hy our Euglisliinen, and afterwards by the Frenchmen and Bretons, 4to. London, 1583.* A discourse upon the intended voyage to the hitherraostc parta of America, Ttritten by Captaine Carleill for the better taduccmcut to satisfie such mercbauntes, as in disbnraeing 1 ThH rare book, the first publication of Ilitkluyt, is now io progress of preparation for the Hakluyt Society, under the edi- Itirittl care of J. Wiiiler Jones, Esq. of tlie liiitiBh Musquoi. / Iv DCTBODOCmV. their moner, do deouiaiule forwtth a prewmt retoroe of guae ; allMrit their saicd particnlar disbonement an in such •Imder somme* as are not rorth the speal^ing of, 4to. 1583. Reprinted in Haklujt. A briefe and tme report of tbe new found land of Virginia, &c., distcovered by the English Colonv there seated bv Sir Kichard GrcinviUe, Knight, in the yecre 15S5. . . by Thomas Ifariot, ito. London, 1588. flaVluyt. The principal Dangations, Toyagea and dis- coveries made by the English nation, folio. 1589. Ucpriuted irith additions in 1599. De Dry. America, sive navigationes in ludiam Occidcn- talcm. Francofurti, 1590, A brief and true report of the new found land of Alrgiuia, [being the Hmt part of the precediuj^ collection which was not continued in Enj»lish] T. dc Bry, ito. Franifort, 1590. A bricfc and true relation of the discorcry of the north part of Virginia .... by Captains Uilbert, Gosuold, &c., J. BreretoD, 4to. goth. London, 1602. A proHpcrous voyage iu the discovery of the north part of Virginia, by Capt. G. Waymouthj written by G. Rosier, a geiitk-nimi employed in the voyage, 410. gulli. London,lGQ5. Novii Britauiiia oireriiig must excellent fruits by planting in Virginia, 4to. 1609. Vir}eiiig iniule for the fact that his own excellent management had paved the way for tills subsequent prosperity. Finally it was not till 1020, after so many abor- tive ofFortfl had been made both by government and powerful bodies to form an establishment in North Virginia, tliat at length it received, under unex- pected circumstances, an influx of settlers which soon rendered it by far the moat prosperous of all the colonics in North America. This was the emigration of a large band of Puritans, who suffering under the intolerance of the English government, on account of no n -conformity, firwl passed into Holland, and after- wards found an asylum in America. * He freigluw] ii ship of thrw IiuiulrijiJ Imi:* with fisli for ^jiniit. See Porcbas, wi. v. p. 1833. XX INTUOUt'CnON. The Editor has thus far led the reader cursorily through the liistory of the nttompts which our coun- trymen made at effecting" settlements in the two divi- sions of Virginiiv, and lias done so beeuuae tliu English colonization of America seemed to be the pivot upon which the interest of the MS. turned. If he 1ms mis- taken his duty in so doing, he hopes that his explana- tion will involve hia excuse. An additional reason for his having given the foregoing consecutive narrative in this introduction, has been that Strachey's MS., although unavoidably borrowing so much of its in- terest from the date at which it was written, and al- though giving many most interesting details about the natives, especially the great king Powhatan, that have never been hitherto printed, does not continue the description of the progress of the two coluniea up to the period at which we have reason to conclude that he liuibhcd Ins narrative. It is at the same time right to observe, that Strachey appears to have entertained the project of carrying on the work to a much greater extent, inasmucli as he designates the first of the books now published " the First Book of the First Decade"; and the second book, " the Second Book of the First Decade." It is difficult to say precisely in what year the narrative was wi'itten. Tliat it was subsequent to 1612, we are informed by Stracliey liimself, in the " Address to His Majesties Councell for the Colonie of Virginia Britannia", prefixed to his Laws for Viv' ghiia^ printed at Oxford, 1612, where he says, — " When I went forth upon this voyage (right worthy gentlemen), true it is, I held it a service of diitie (during the time of my unprofitable service, and raTBODrCTtON. XXI purpose of stay ia the colonic, for which way else might I adde mito the least higlit of so heroicke and pious a building) to propose unto myself to be (though an unable) remembrancer of uU accidents, occurrences, and undertakings thereunto adventitial! j in most of wliich, since tlie time our viglit latnons sole governour then, now Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, after the unsealing of his commission, hasted to our flcete in the west, there staying for him, I have, both in the Bermudas, and since, in Virginia, beene a sutl-erer and an eie-witnesse, and the full stone of both in due time shall consecrate unto your viewes, as unto whome by right it appertiilneth " Howbeit, since many impediments as yet must detatne such my observations in the shadow of dark- nesses, untill I shall be able to deliver them perfect unto your judgements, T do, in tlie meantime, present a transcript of the Tofinrchia, or state of those duties by which their colonie stands regulated and com- maunded," &c. &c. If the MS. copy from which the present publication has been printed had been the only one i-emalning, we should have been compelled to have quotc^d 1G18 as the earliest possible date of the work, since the rank of lord high chancellor, which is appended to the name of Sir Francis Bacon in the dedication of this copy, was not conferred on him until later. But as there is a duplicate' copy among the Ashnio- lean manuscripts at Oxford, dedicated to Sir Allen Apsley, to whose name is appended the title of * The only difference appears ta be in the title of the rwcond book, nnrl tlie nddilioii to cEich of the title-pages of the sentence, " Algct qui non ardct." XXII rxTuonucTioN. " Pur\'(;yor to His Afajeat'ie's Xavie Royall" ; and as Sir Allen Apslcy was, accoi*diug to Mrs. llutcliinson, in her celebrated life of Colonel Hutchinson, made Lieu- tenant of the Tower fourteen years before his death in 1630, i.e., 1616, it is presumed that that copy was written prior to tliut period ; inasmuch as it is not reasonable to suppr>8e, that the latter and more impor- tant of the two titles would have been omitted in an author's dedicatioi]. At the same thue, it is but ri^dit to observe, that some authors have quoted tlic year 1619 OS the date of Sir Allen Apsley's appointment to the Ueutenantcy of the Tower, Tlie glossary at the end of the voyage has included the Indian and EngHsli names promiscuously in one alphabetical scries ; but the Editor has thought it better not to interfere with the original arrangement. It only remains for the Editor to express his best thanks to 3Ir. licunett, of the British Museum, and Secretary of the Linnean Society, for his obliging assistance in the botanical portions of the work. He also feels it to be only a just expression of gratitude to liis wife, to acknowledge hei*e her kind aid in sup- plying the illustrations, — a "labourof love" which it is hoped that the reader will criticise with a lenient eye, as they are her first eftbrts at etching, and would for that reason not have been made in connexion with a work like the present, but from a natural desire to share in the Editor's labours, and an earnest wish to add, in however feeble a manner, to the interest of the; narrative. LETTER FROM THE LORD DELAWARK, GOVERNOll OF VTBCIXrA, TO TOE PATENTEES IN ENGLAND. [MS. Hiurl. 7009, foL 58.J " Kiji^lit Honourable and the rest of our very loving friends, — We are not ignorant bow divers perplext and jealous cica mac lookc out, and keepc more then freindly e^piuU over this our passive and misconceived bew&Incs» and now (more especiidly, hii[)Iy, then at any other time), iu these our early dayes, and after tlie aspersions of so many slanderous and wandering discourses, which have bin scattered by malipiant and ill-dii-posed people against it ; for which we have con- ceived it essentiall with tlie btrth of the worke itself, to give up unto your noble knowledges the truith of the state of the same, and of some consequences most matcrlall foUowng it, since it tooke protection and fostering from us. "You shall please then to know, howthe first of Aprill IGIO, in the good shipp the De-la-wurr, admirall, ac- companied with the Blissingof Plinmouthjviz-admirall, and thv. Hercules of Ry, reere-admirall, we weyed from the Cowes, getting out of the Needles, and with a favourable passadge holding consort; the I2th day we fell with the Trescras, and recovered that evening (within three leagues) the westennost part of St. George's Island, where we lay that night becalmed ; but the next morning with the sunn-rise did the wind likewise rise, west and weat-by-south, a rough and lowde gale, at what time the master of the Reere- admirall told me of a roade fitt for that windc ut Gratinsfi, •whereujjon I willed him to go before and I XXIV INTRODUCTION, would follow, and so we stood for that roade ; but it was my fortune to lead it in, where we came to an aticor at fortie fathom, when it blew so much winds presently, that our ancor came home, and we werej forced to sea againe : the same time the Blissing vrast compeld to cutt her cable at haulfe, for in the weying of it the pttle of her capstan brake, and dangerously hurte 12 of our men : the Hercules wjis likewise forced from the roade, and brake her ancor; yet the next day WG raett altogether againe. The 15th, we lost sight of the Hercules, betweene the Treeeras and Gt-atiosa, and we saw her no more untill the Gth of Jime, at what time we made Iniid to the southward of our liar- bour, the Cheaiopiock Bay, where, running in towards the shoare, steering away nor-west, before noone we made Cape Uenry, bearing nor-west and by west ; and thfit night came to an ancor under the Cape, where we went ashoare, as well to refresh onrselves as to fish^ and to sett up a cross upon the pointe (if haply the Hercules might arrive there) to si.£rnify our coming in. Whilst we W(?re a fishing-, divers Indians came downe from the woods unto us, and with fairo intreatye on both sides, I gave unto them of such fish as we tooke, which was good 3tore, and was not unwelcome unto them, for indeed at this time of the yeare they live poore, their come being but newly putt into the ground, and their old store spent ; oysters and erabba, and such fish as tliey take in their weares, is their best releofe. As we were returning aboard againe, our master discried a sayle close by the pointe at Cape Henry, whereupon 1 commaunded him to beare up the h.elrae» and we gave it chase, when within an hower or a little more, to our no little [joy], made her to be the Hercules, our reereadmiroll, whome we had now lost INTHODL'CTION. XXV . . . weekea and odd dayes ; and this night (all praise be to God for it) came to an ancor under Pointe Com- fort; fpora whence the captaine of the forte, Co[lonel] James Dimes, repaired unto us, and soonc had un- folded a strange . . . tlon of a double qualtitie, mixed both with joy and sorrow. He let us to understand first (because thereof I first inquired) of the arnvall of Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Snmers, in i! pinnisses, with all their company safe from the Ber- mudiis, the 21 of ilay (about some fortnight before our now coming in), whome, he tould us, were now up our river at James Town. I was heartily glad to heare the happines of this newes; but it was seasoned with a following discourse, compound of so many miseries and calamities (and those in such horrid chaunges and divers tbrmes), as no story, I believe, ever presented the wrath and curse of the etemall offended Maiestie in a greater measure. I understood moreover, by reason I saw the Virginia to ly then in Roade, before the poiiite ridg, and prepared to sett sayle out of the river, how that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Sumers were within a tide or two coming downe againe, purposing to abandon the countrie, whilest they had meanes yet lefte to transport them and the whole company to Newfoundland. *' For most true it is, the straunge and unexpected condition and ... in which Sir Thonias Gates found the colony, gave him to under8t[and] never was there more neede of all the powers of judgement, and .... knowing, and long exercised vcrtue, tlien now to be awak culling ujjon him to save such whome he found so fo as in redeeming himself and his againe from falling into the ties. For « XXVI INTRODUCTION. besides that he found the forte unfurnished (and that and many casualties) of so lardge an accompto and number as he expected, and knew came alongc the last yearc, trained in flectc with himself; so likewise found he as empty and unfur- nished a . . . . entering the towne. It appeared raither asthcruius of some auntient [forjtificatiou, then that any people living might now inhaljit it : the paUisadoes he found tourne downe, the portes open, tlie gates from the hinges, the church mined and unfrequented, empty howses (whose owners untimely death had taken newly from them) rent up and burnt, the living not hahle, as they pretended, to step into the woodea to gather other fire-wood; and, it is true, the Indian as fast killing without as the famine and pestilence within. Only the blockhouse (somewhat regarded) was the safetie of the remainder that lived ; which yet could not have preserved them now many dayes longer from the watching, subtile, and offended Indian, who (it is most certaine) knew all this their weaknes, and forbare too timely to assault the forte, or hazard themselves in a fruitles warr on such whome they were assured ia short time would of themselves perish, and being pro- voked, their desperate condition might draw forth to a valiaunt defence ; yet were they so ready and pre- pared, that such whome they found of our men stragled single beyond the bounds, at any time, of the block- house, they would fiercely chardge (for all their peices), as they did 2 of our ptjople not many duyes before Sir Thomas Gates was come in, and 2 likewise they killed after his arrivall 4 or 5 dayes, " But that wiiich added most to hja sorowe, and not R litle startled liim, was the impossibilitie which hq DrrRODCCTTOH. XXTU "coticeivetl (and coiioeivetl truly) how to amend any one whitt of this. Elia forces were not of Iiabilitie to revenge upon the Indtan, nor his owne supply (now brought from the Bermudas) sufficient to releive his people ; for be had brought no greater store of provi- sion (as not jealous that any such disaster could have befalne the colony) then might well serve 150 for a sea voyage; and at this time of the yeare, neither by force (had his power bin sufficient) nor trade, might have amended these wants, by any help from the Indian : nor was there any meanes in the forte to take fish, for there was neither a sufficient seave to be found, nor any other convenient netts; and, to saye true, if there had, yot was there not aneye sturgion come into the river. "All these considered, he then entered into con- sultation with Sir George Sumers and Capt. Newjwrte, calling unto the same the gentlemen and counsaile of the former government, intreating both the one and the other to advise with him, what was to be don : the provision which they both had aboard, both Sir George Sumers and Capt. Newporte, was examined and deli- vered, how it being rackt to the uttermost, extended not to above 16 dayes, after 2 cakes a day. The gen- tlemen of the towne (who knew better of the countrie) could not give them any hope, or wayes how to recover oughts from the Indian. It soone then appeered most fitt, by a generall approbation, that to preserve and save all from starving, there could be no readier course thought on, then to abandon the countrie, and accom- modating themselves the best that they might in the present pinnasses then in the roade (as, namely, in the Discovery, and the Virginia, the 2 brought from, XXX JNTRonilCTlON. George Webb, Serjeant of the forte; and Mr. D&nictl Tucker and Mr. Robert Wild, clarkes of the store. -^ *' Oiir first care was to advise %vith our counsailc for the obtaining of such provisions of victualls, for store and quoUitie, as tlie countrey afforded for our people, Tt did not appeare unto ua that any kind of 6csh, deere, or what els, of that kind could be recovered from the Indians, or to be sought in the countrey by us; and our people, together with the Tiidiuiis (not to friend), had the last winter destroyd and kild up all our hoggs, insomuch as of five or six hundred (as it is supposed), there was not above one sow, tliat we can hcare of, left alive ; not a henn nor chick in the forte (and our horses and marcs they had eaten with the first); and the provision which we had brought jconcerning any kind of flesh was little or nothing: whereupon it pleased Sir George Sumers to propose a voyage, which, for the better releife and good of the colony, he would pcrforme into the Bermudas (which, lying in the helglit of 32 degrees and 20 nunutea, 5 degrees from our bay, may be some seve[n] skore leagues from us, or thereabouts; reckoning to every degree that lyes nor-west and westerly, 28 English leagues); and from thence he would fetch 6 nionthea' provision of flcsli and fish, and some live hoggs, of which those islands (by their owne reporte, however, most daungerous to fall with) are marvellous fuU and well stored; whereupon, well approving and ap- plauding a motion relishing of so faire hopes and much goodnes, we gave him a commission the 15th of June, who, in his owne Bermuda pinnns, the Patience, accom- panied with Capt. Samuell Argall, in the Discovery .••Ml.- INTRODUCTION, XXXI .' KM.;?' -L^^CE (wliomc we sware of our counsaile before his departure), tlie I9tli of June fell with the tide from before our towne, whome we have ever since accompanied with our hcftrty prayers for his happy and safe returne. " And likewise bicauae at our first coming we found 1 in our owne river no store of fish after many tryalls, we dispatched with instructions the 17. of June, Robert Tindall, master of the Delawarr, to fisli unto all along and betweene Cape Henry and Cape Cliarlea within the boy, who the last of the same returned unto us againe, but mett with so small a quontitio and store of fish, as he scarce tooke so much as served the company that he caried forth with him. Nor were we in the meane while Idle at the forte, but every day and night we hayled ournett sometimes a dozen times one after an other, but it pleased not God so to bless our labours, that we should at any time take one quarter so much as would give unto our people one [KJund at a meale a peice (by whicli we might have better husbanded and spared our j^caz and oatmeale), notwithstanding the greatc store we now saw dayly iu - our river. " Thus much in briefe concerning our voyadge hether, our meeting with Sir Thomas Gates heere, and our joynt cares and indevours since our arrival] : nor shall we be fayling on our parte to do the uttermost that we may for the happy stmcture and raysing againc of this too much stooped and dejected imploy- ment. It rests that I should now truly deliver unto ' yee (right honourable and the rest of our good freinds) somewhat our opinion, or rather better judgement, which hath observed many things, and those objected cleare to reason, most benificiall concerning this coun- %XXII INTKODCCTION. trie. And first, we have experience, and our owne eyes witues, liow young soever we are to tliis place, that no coimtrie yealdeth goodlier come or more ma- nifold increase, large feildes we have as prospects houerly before us of the same, and those not nmny miles from our quarter {some whereof, true it is, to quitt the mischeivons Indian, and irrcconsilable for his late injuries and murthering of our men, our purpose is to be masters of ere long, and to thresh it out on the flores of our barnes when the time shall serve). Next, in every boske and common hedge, and not farr from our paUisado gates, we have thousands of goodly vines running nlong and leaning to every tree, which yeald a plentifuH grape in their kind : let me appeale, then, to knowledge, if these natural! vines were planted, dressed, and ordci*ed by skilfull vinearoones, whether we might not make a perfect grape and fruit- full vintage in short time ? Lastly, we have made triall of our owne English seedes, kitchen hearbes, and rootes, and find them no sooner putt into the ground then to prosper as speedily and after the same quallitie as in England. " Only let me truly acknowledge they are not an hundred or two of deboisht hands, dropt fortli by yeare after yeare, with penury and leysure, ill pro- vided for before they come, and worse governed when they are hcerc, men of such distempered bodies and infected mindcs, whome no examples dayly before their eyes, either of goodnes or punishment, can deterr from their habituall impieties, or terrific from a shame- full death, that must be the carpenters and workers in this so glorious a building. " But (to delude and mock the bewsinea no longer) raTRODUCTIOy. XXXUL as a necessary quimttty of provision for a yeare at least must be carciully sent with men, so likewise must there be the same care for men of qnallitien and jmines taking men of artes and practises, chosen out and sent into the bewsincs, and such are in dew time now promised, sett downe in the sccdulc at the end of our o^vne approved discource, whicii we have intituled ' A true and sincere declaration of the purpose and end of our Plantation hegonn in Virginia^' &c. " And these two, such men and such provision are like enough to make good the ends of the ymploynient in all the waies both for re[pu]tation, search and dis- cover}' of the countrie, and the hope of tlic South Sea, as also to returne by all shipps sent Mther many oom[mo]dLties well knowne to be heere, if meanes be to prepare them. \V[herc]upon give me leave, I be- seech yee, further to make inference, th[at] since it huth bin well tliought on by yee to provide fur the gove[rnmeut] by chaungicig the authoritte into an absolute command (indeed . . . virtuall advancement to these like bewsinesses and m . . . company us) of a noble and well instructed leifet[enant] . . . .of an in- dustrious adinirall, and other knights and gen[tlemen], and officers, each in their several! place of quallitie and implo[ynicnt], if the other two, as I have saide, be taken into dewaccompte . . . valewcd as the sinewes (as indeed they be) of this action (without w[hich] it cannot possible have any faire subsisting, however men ha[ve] belyed both it and themselves hecretofore) then let no rumor of the poverty of the countrey (as if in the wombe thereof there lay not those elliraentall seedes which could produce as many goodly birthes of plenty and Increase, yea, and of better hopes as of any INTUODUCTIOar. land under the heavens unto whome the sunn is do neerer o neighbour; I say, let no imposture, rumor then, nor any fame of some one or a few more chaunceahle actions interposini^ by the way or at home, wave any mans faire purposes hetherward, or wrest them to a declininffe aud fallino: of irom the bcwsines. " For let them be assured, as of the truith itself, these premisses considered, looke what the countrie can affordc, which may, by the quantitie of our men, be safely and conveniently explored, search[ed,] and made practise of, these things shall not be omitted for our p[art], nor vdW be by the lievetenant gonerall to be conimuunded; nor our comuiaunds reeeavcd (as in former times) wUli unwillingnes or fulcenes, either in our people's going forth, or in execution, being for each one in his place, whither commaunder, overseer, or labourer. " For the causes of these idle and restie untowardues being by the authoritie and unitie of our government removed, all hands already sett to it; and he that knew not the way to goodnes before, but cherisht singularitie and faction, now can beatc out a path himself of in- dnstrie and goodnes for others to trade in, such, may I well say, is the power of exemplar vert.ue. Nor would T have it conceived that we would exclude altogether gentlemen, and such whose breeding never knew what a daye'a labour meant, for even to such, this countrie I doubt not but will give likewise excellent satisfac- tion, especially to the better and stayed spirritts; for he amongst us that cannot digg, use the square, nor practise the ax and chissle, yet he shall find how to imploy the force of knowledge, the exercise of counsell, J IN'raODUCTION, XXXV and the operation iitid power of his beat breeding and qunUitic. " And thus, right honourable and the rest of our very good friends, assuring yee of our resolution to tarry God's mercy towards us, in continuing for our parte this pkntation, I only will intreate yee to stand favourable unto us for a new supply in such matters of the two-fold phisicke, which both the soules and bodies of ourc poor people heerc stand much in nccde of; the specialties belonging to the one, tlic phisitians themselves (whome I hope you will be careful! to send unto us) will bring along with them; tlie particulari- ties of the other we have sent liereiii, inclosed unto us by ilr. Doctor Boone,' whose care and Industrie for the preservation of our men's lives (assaulted with straunge fluxes and agues)^ we have just cause to com- mend unto your noble favours : nor let it, I beseech yee, be passed over as a motion slight and of no mo- ment to furnish us with these things, so much impor- tuning the strength and health of our people, since we have true experience how many men's lives these phi- sicke helpes have preserved since our coming in, God so blessing the practise and diligence of our doctor, whose store is nowe gro^vne thereby to so lowe an ebb, as we have not above S weekcs phisicall provisions, if our men continew still thus visited with the sicknesses of the countrie, of the which every season hath liis particular infirmitie reighning in it, as we have it re- lated unto us by the old iuhabitunts; and since our owne arrivall, have cause to feare it to be true, who have had 150 at a time much atflicted, and 1 am per- ' I.e. Bohun, mentioned hereafter in tbe narrailTC. XXXVl INTRODUCTION. swaded had lo8t the greatest part of them, if we had not brought these helpes with us. " And so concluding your farther troubles, with this only remembrance, that we have, with the advise of our counsell, conceived it most fitt to detaine yet a while, for all good occasions, the good shipp the Dela- warr, to which we hope yee wil be no whitt gainsaying : we cease with unnecessary relations to provoke yee any farther. James Towne^ July 7th, 1610. Tho. Lawaebe. Tho. Gates. Feed. Wenman. George Percy. William Strachet.' I A fac-simile of these signatares is given on the next page. s^ 4^^ THE FIRST BOOKE THE HISTORIE OF TB.AVAILE INTO VIRGINIA- BRITANNIA, EXPRESSING THE COSMOGRAPHIE AND COMODITIES OF THE COUNTRY, TOGITHER WITH THE MANNERS AND CUSTOMES OF THE PEOPLE : GATHERED AND OBSEBVED A3 WELL BY THOSE WHO WENT FIBST THITHEB, A3 COLLECTED BY WILLIAM STRACHEY, GENT., THHEE SEARES THiTHER IMPLOYED SECBETABIE OF STATE, AND OF C0UN3AILE WITH THE RIGHT HONOBABLE THE LORD LA-WARRB, HIS MAJESTIES LORD GOVERNOR AND CAPT. OENERALL OF THE COLONY- PSALM CII, VBR. 18. " Tbifl shalbe written for the generation to come : and ttie people which shalbe created shall praise the Lord." 7b the Eight Honourable SIR FRANCIS BACON, Knight, Baron of Ventfarn, Lord High Chani-eUor of England, and of His Majesties most /tonorable Privy Counsell. Most wortheig honored Lord, Your Lordship ever approving yoitr»&^a most nohlfifautor of the Virginian Pianiation, being from the heghming (with other lords and earlesj of the principal counseii applyed to propagate and guide yt : and my poore self (bound to your odservaunce, by being one of the Graies-Inne SocieteJ having bene there three yeares thither, imphied in place of secretarie go long there present; and setting doiene witk alt my wel- meaning abilities a true narration or historic of the countrie: to whome ahoulde 1 suhmitt so aptly, and with, so much dulye, the most humble present thereof, as to your most worthic and best-judging Lordship ? who in all vertuoua and religious ea- deavours have ever bene, as a supreame encourager, so an inimitable patterns and perfecter : nor shall my plaine and rude composition any thought discourage my attempt, since howsoever I should feare to appeare therein b^ore so mutchles a maister in that facultte (\f any o^nmonate worth of mine ott'ne ivorke presented me) yet as the great Composer of all things inade all good with his owne goodnes, and in our only will to his imitation takes us into his act, so be his goodnes your good Lordship's in this acceptation : for which unth all my poore sertnce I shall abide ever Your best Lordshij/s most hanbty, IVILLIAM STHACUEY. ^CCLESI^ ET REIPUB. Wild OB they are, accept them, so we're wee ; To make them civill, will our honnour bee : And if good worcks be the effects of myndes. Which like good angells be, let our designes, As wee ar Angli, moke us Angells too : No better worck can state- or church-man do. W. Sp. PREMONITION TO THE READER. fVherein (as the fotcntlation to all the succeeding husinet) is (hrived doiene to our tifmet, the auntyent light and chyme which we make to this part of America, and therein both the ohjection/i anstcered and doubts cteirty mtixfied of such u-hn, throufjh timilicf, or ignorance, cither hare or hereujicr may call the taipfutne.it of ttie proceeding hereof tH question. The manj moutlies of ignorance and slaunder which are ever too Bjit to lett fnll the renome nf theire worst and most depraved envies upjiou the best and most sacrud woikes, and am; uot alniyd to blast both this eiiterprize and the devoulest labowrers tlicrein, wringes from me the necessity of this imperfect defence, wLome yet I have observed more in clamour (me thought) then at any tyrae in force, to cry out still upOD yt, calling yt aa tinQcitton&ll and unlaw full undertaking ; wh^n lett [it] ho but ob^ervtsd (I pray)j ami »oone will appcarc theire uialliec and petulancy to spcake, as iilsu, what a distanet; lliere \a Ituly sett betivrene the businos and tlicir knowledge ; for, in a clicrejudi^uient, if any such atluinl lay uppcin the net, neither tlie genernll peace of the tyme might not suffer yt to gee forth with sueb Ubertie, nor the honor of such who have sett yt forward, ymportuneyt of his MnJeBtie, nor would tbeconsdencee (yt is knowcn right well) of the chief commanders far the execu- tion and aotimll part thereof (let customo have taken uway, how- ever, that nuicknee from the chargers owre inaensible and seared heart) haenrd the last sjid setLhig hower.i of their daies in Iray- terous or ignoble prosecutions j yet being tlic pioua and only end both intended by ht9 Majestie, by the honorable CounsaUe for the busincs, by the Lord Genernll, Lieutenant General), Marsliall, and 2 PUvKMOMTION TO THE KEIOKR. such like emynent officers (calleil forth for the dignity of so great a cause), together with the generall adventurers, with all carcfulneB, principally to endeavour the conversion of the natives to the know- ledge and worship of the true God, and the world's lledeemer, Christ Jesus; how rotten and uQHOund, then, both to his Majestie and the present faith (it is to be feared) may they bn at the coare within, that dare (except yt be as I aayd, ont of ignorance, yet cannot that excuse ft factions and pragmatique tongue) quarrd and triiduce the proceedings of a whole state, nnd to which the royaU auihoritie, by letters made patents, both in hc!r Mfljestii''3 tyme, of famous memory, and nowe likewise hath ben five tymes concurrant ? May yt be supposed any one but luke-warme in Christian charily would be parccll guilty herein, or make yt ques* tioaulle whether should be attempted a worke of this piety uppon & barbarous nation ? Let the busy knowledge {to &ay no more) of aoch a one be shrewdly suspected, and blemished. May any lover of his country '( Ho. Yet is [it] to he feared that he borrowetb but a counterfcyt face from Janus, to turne to the penall edict, or to his prince (if auch be his gracu) : hut, however, let them both knowe the grounds of goodnes are not layd so weake, in well woyed couusailes, that the clamour of a centurion or two can dis- turb Numa Pompiliiis' kneelingo at the aulter. Let them give yt up in rumor, or more suhtilly cry out, that our cncmieg at Sevill, or Liahborne, at Dominica, Mevie,' or at the Havana, are up in armes for us, we can yet goe on in the justifiableness of our course, makiiigu only Poinpiliua' anawtrt;, — " And wo doe gacrifice". Will it yet please the reader to favour me a little ? Two sortfi especially, I mui^t conceave, of untoward (to stile them noe worse) and ill disposed in theire wisOonios, stand much oftVnded with this businea, and have devysed against yt many slaunders aad calumneys, the meore ignorant (not only in scisntia scientite, &% the scholman saies, but iacludinge grossenes and sim- ' Phitftrch relates that Numa founded hi3 hopes &q strcpagly upon God, that on cue octrasiou, during the oferiug of a Eticrificc, when ho reciiivod an annouuccDieut that his enemies v^re approaching, he nuilod, and made answer, "^Kyiu ?i 9inft" — *' And I am .■sBcrificing". 3 "Nevi*", an islaiul iu tlie West Iiidiiw, di«covuriid by Columbus. PlLfiUOMTlON TO THK ttBAfiEB. I pHcj'tio in any knowledge) und the meeru opposite ia gdentia conscientite, iti religion ; I wonid to God the Itkttsr wore not more dangerous, by how much Cokbcrriina per loca vuiet ; and can speakc anikse, out of the corrupt seedes of goodue^ and perhaps soe speaking be heardc. And these boib saye, how the undertaking cannot be lawfiill. Why ? Beaitise the King of Spayne hath a primer interest into the countrcy. Next, it cannot be honest in yt self. Wby ? Because injurious to tha uaturalb ; and which connected together, y\ must tbeu necessarily iblbwa (eaye they) that yt can be no other than a travailo of Jlat impiety, and di&pl!?Rsingc before God. Indeed, no mcane objectiona to slumble shallowe home witts, who, whilst they loolce lozely and broddly on yt, are presented with an ugly face ; bat if, by a more perspective direction, we will examine how these perticularitics may lie together, wc shall find another modeU, and an airt; of timt dignity and truitli which aspiers to a cleane contrary comoliiies. For the King of Spaine : he hath no more title nor collour of title to this place, which we by our industry and expenses have only made ours (as for the Pope's donative of all America unto him, that h sufficyently answeared eU^wore, in a discourse alred- dye published by a most worthy undertaker).' then hath any Chria- tyan prince (or then we, or any other prince, maye have to his Mesico and Peru, or nny dominioas ells of any free state and kingdome) how nere soever the West In<^e9 and Florida may joyne thereunto, and lye under the same portion of heaven ; with as great bravery mnie we laye cJaytne to all the islands which the Scignorie of Venice nowe holder in the Levant seas, because Cipras was once oura, by the conquest of Richard Cour de Lion, and conliQea with theires, then which what more inlirme and 1 AUuBJon may possibly here be made to Ilieronymus Benzo, who, iu bis " KovDO JTovi Orbis llistoriic", touching the will of Pope Alexander TI, »y«, "Quo jure hroc dare potuit Papa, in (jueb nullum jus nun'inaiu habutt t Nidi fort^ quia CIiriBtu& cceli a.c term hceres c^t, cujua honna tsta Pater vicurius ent, scilicet," Or more probably, judging I'mm the use of the w&rd *' undertaior", Ilaldiiyt may be referred to, who treats oii the subject in his " Divers Voyngos", published lfl82. 4 I'UvEMONlTIOS TO TilE lUSAUBU. ianln 111 thdr i-HTlcB rail Saiuu Mnrin. iimi-'ii (in- lib. I. ridiculous preteace coul<2 be framed ? aad yet ift the Kinge of Spaine's argument to our interest in Virginia juBt in this moodc and figure. Noe Prince may layc cinimc to any more amongst these newe discoreries (and soe it wa« hftretoforc, a just distinction being tlicrcfore kept betweene tlie Kinge of Caslite and PortngnllJ then > whiit bis pcoplu have discovered, tooke actuall pos«c$sioQ of, and* pnssed over to liis right ; and noe otiierwiae from Columbus dotii the Kinge of Spaine hold bin strength and dominions to tLis dayej ill his golden Indies ; and noe otherwise from SotOt' his Adelautado^, concorninge our noighbour Florida : and soe we atloiv bim (with- out any one inch of intrusion) both Uh longitude and latitude iiy this new world, we keeping from Cape Florida norward, to Cap^l Briton. The latiden, countries, and territories of this parte of America which we call ours, and by the name of Virginia, or Nora Britannia, being carefully laid out {of purpose) to avoid offence unto certaJnc boundes, and regions, begynning from the point of land called Cape Comfort, and so holding all aloug the sea-coast to the norward two hundred myles ; and fi-om the point of the Baid Cape Comfort all along the sea*coa8t to the so-ward three hundred miles ; and bo only all that space and circuit of land lying from the sea-coasts of these precincia, not coming Deer« any land in his actuall poissession, but ratlier direrting from yi zaany a league ; and yet holdefl he neither any chargeable forces (to dispute Iili» right) ui^puii lliu njnyne, uor keeepes colonies (except in Florida, at St. Augu^iine only), nor reckons of the some, but that is at his beat pleasure. But what nowe concerning this point, for the more clicring of yt to such who stumble thereat : if we should say that our right to the West Indies tlemselves (since they will nccdes awaken us with pretence of title) is aa firme, proper, and far more auncyont then lie Spimiards ; and before tliu royall spirited lady Isabella, Priocesse of Castile, Inyd her jewclls to pawne, to Luis of SiA Aiigii'lu, the King her liuaband'a secretary, to forward the designee and to prevent our King Henry VII (who was both oflVed, and I Fernando de Roto, who foUowed the fortuoes of PiaiUTti, aud was a main initrunioat in aunexiug Florida to the crown of 8patD. JBJUIO.NITIOS TO TUB KEADEE. 5 I accepted Columbus's offer, and entred into capitulations with bis brother Bartholomew about tbem, anno 1489), aure wc should not wnnt some pregnant likely hood e:}, and those not only by our sim- ple discovei'iee, but by our plntitiug and inhabiting th«m with the people of our ovrae nation four hundred years before Culumbui had notice of them by tho Biscan pilot,' who, nhen he dwelt in the islands of Madera, arrived with a weather beaten caravelle, and dying in hia house, bequenthed (a« they pay) to Columbus his card of the discription of such newc landes as be had found. Trao yt is, tho first liliippca that Coliiinbiis carrycd thither were but in anno 1492, which is now eince one huadretl and twenty yearea ; when lett any muti Ik- but pli;asud to luirke into the Icitruud luid industrious antiquities of Mr. Cuoiden (the t:urefulnea iind truth of whose searches he thiit will uiidervulewi or sclaunder, shalhu (jiuch out of lovB with thu labours of all good men and powers of VKrtue), and he rerneml>LTS us of Madut;, tha sonue of Owen Gwineth, Prince of Nor- Wales, in the yetire 1170{wluch maybe four hundred and thirty-nine years Mnce), who, leaving the land in contention belwecne his two brethren, Howell and David, pre- pared certayne shipps with men and munition, and after many unknowne lander and straunge discoveries made (Boyling within the Attaniick sea, a cowardly coun-e, yet still into the we^t), at last setteled iu tho We^t Indies, as hie owne relation eufPerE cou* structiou, which he made in his returne for newu supplies, the second and third tyme, which he trmispmteJ, and after that was heard no more of ; and late observations taken in these tynies > Many authon have attcmptod to mar the fame of Columbus, by asaertiiig, in rircmnataiUial and jvoNitive language, that he derived ht9 notion of the exiatciico uf liiuJ;. in ihe west, frtKii the papurs uf u Biscayan pilot, najued AIoded Sjincbes de Iluolva, who diuil iu liiit bouxc. Accord- ing to Garcilftsso dc la Vega, this pilnt, in 1464 or thereabouts, lauded on Hispauiola, anrl wrote an account of his voyage. Tliese accounts, as well as, in ull pTohahiHty, that here hinted at by Stracbey, arc doubtless based upi>ti tho faliacious atatemoiit of Gumiu^, who ahouads id such unfounded i*torics. There is, however, a better re;isi>n thiin the paucity of credit duo to Ocnjara foe refusing crcdoncc to this injurious aspersion, inasmuch na it U ucrtuin that in 1474, ten yvsm previous tu the date thus assigned lo the voyage of th« I{isca.yan pilot, OoIuitiIiub coiniiiuuicatoil U> Paulo ToscanoUi, of Florence, hiit uotlonb of a westward vu;'a{;e yf discovery. Pll.«SIOXTnON TO THE READEB. OrMwU' ^^ John Caljo JotiD C allot hmrto. Wud t tfruitiirfig. niu^ irloiit may conflrme tbo probability hereof, os flrst in AouKaniHI (so in writing Frsinria LnpeK de Gomera') the natives when they were firat found, had ibair ccosscs in their chapploa, and in dedicated groyes, in gardens, by woodes, springea, and fowntaines, which they did honour and fall downe before, thereto saying their uauall prayers, which must mak ilb-stration that Christiana had ben there before the coming of the Spaniard : and no ecclesiastical history oomeudee unto u« (since Solomon's voyage to Ophir oeased)^ nor any rccordes.of other antiquities (gince the fabulous drowning by Deucalion's Oood, or burning by Pbfcton, or since the sincking of the Atlantick iaiands), more auncyent, or before Ibe voyage of Madoc. Lastly, the language of the Indians admitting much and many wordes, both of places, and names of many creatures, which have the accents and Welch significations, and are yet retayned, both by the Indian. Crollos (Spaniards Iwrne ihcro), and Slulatoes. But this is matcriall and punctuall to our hypothesis. King Henry VII gave his letters pattentj, No. 1495, unto John Cabot, a Venetian (indeniKed his subject, and dwelling within the Black- friers), and to bis three sonnes, who discovtred for the King the nortb partit of America, to Meta Incognita,* latid annexed to the crftwne of Kngland all that great tract of londo sti'ctching from the Cape of Florida unto those parts, mayne and island^ which wo call the New -found -land, some of which were not but'ure knowen to ColurabuB, nor afterwards to Nicuesa,* Colmenaris,'' nor Vasquez Nunnei!,' nor any of the Castiliona ; the draught of which voyage 1 Tlio ititaiid of Cnzumel, near tho tjast coast of Yuiratun, di»cover«d by Orixalvain 151H. s See Otiracra's " Oorniuiatu de Mexico", Art. La Religion de Acu^amil, t>. 24, Antwerp edition, 1354, Small 8vo. ^ This nurd aLiu iiii|ihe7i '' Sjjiauiardii horu in the country." * An imlufiuito nauie subsequently given to the north part of America byQuccu E]izat«eth upon the return of Frobishct from hi» HecDud voyage, "as a Diarke and IwuiiJ Tttthcrto utterly imknowcu". See "The third Voyage of Captain Frolii^har, pi~etendcd for the DiKcovsrie of Cutaiu. by Muta Incognita, a.d. 157g." — Hakluyt, vol. iU, P'. 74. * Dittgo dv Nicucsna, one of the early Spanish adventurers ; founder of Nombra cl« Dios * HoJrigo Enriquea du Colmonarva, a coiapaiiion of Taaquox Nunez do Balhoa. Sec Ilorrura, Dec. t, lib. ix, cap. G. ^ Viuqucs Nuiicz Je Bult'oa, the firit Kurojioiiu who ci'Oi'Bed the main- PR^BMONTTION TO THE READER. be seene in liis Mnjestie's prize galli^i'y in his palloce at Westminster:' but the tuiiiulta (8ay they who wrought of tliose tymes) then, and prepnrRtions for whitb in S'^otlanil, tooke away the seconding of that cnterprize, yot uo whit tooke awayc (I hope) our title, more than the King of Spayne may loose his to those parts covered with the same heavens, which he Deither forlefyest iior pluHtelh to this day. Soc as we may conclude, then, at leaet, that as Christopher Cohimbus discovered the islands and continent of tlie Vfeat Indies for Spayne, John and SebH.stian Cabot made dtscoveries no lease of the rest from Florida, norward, to the behonf of England, being supported by tlie regall authority, and sett forth at the charge anil cxpencc of King Henry VII ; and we hope that tliey will leave unto us the same way and proprietury, huth to goe unto our owne and hold yt by, ns we give them ; and if they will do bo (and all lawes of nfltiona will assist us herein), how unjast aiid parriaU ahall that subject be, and how ill a servant in the court of his owne prince, that will dare to give from him and his country tlie right and honor of both, gayncd with the expence ofthepuhlique purse, and with the iravells and livea of the industrious subject ; os well nay 9y of Cabot's map is supposed to have pcri.^hed in the fire which dc)!troyod that galkry in tho reign of WUliam 111. S&i Entiab's " Qenend Ilifitory of tho lato War." 8 PIUKMONITIUN TO THE ECA»BR. CapL Aiiia> dan and Ct{il Bar- w r Rr raigtie,^ bIi« confirmed, at Westminster, a large graiint, from 33 to 40 degrees of latitude, exemplified with many ymniunityes and priviledges; who there* uppon sent, first, thither Captaino Aniadas and CapLaine Bartow (1584), which Amadas, in memory of himself, intituled a bay at Ronnonk, to this day called Bay Amadas ; and, after them, he sent a fleetc of 7 sailcs, anno 1585, comandcd by Sir R. Greonvill, who, at Wococpn, likewise more to the so-ward from Koanuali, gave name to a port which yet rctaines the name of" Port Greenville ; who left a colony of 100 in the said island of Roanonk, which remayncd there one whole yeare itnder the charge of Sir Ralph Lane, generuU of the same, and wliich were afterward broiigiit from thence (by the nccleet of duo suppHea growing into some wants) by Sir Francis Drake, in liis retnrne bomewariles from the sacking of St. Domingo, Carthiigciia, and St. Augustine. Yet, aftpr this, did Sir W. R, contyiiewe a third and fourth voyage, which had their misfortimes j ajid anno 1587, sent a second polony of ISO, under the command of Captaiiie White and 12 assistcnts, unto wbome he gRve a charter, and encorporatt'd tlu?m by (he name of Governour and Assistants of the Citty Raleigli, in Virginia ; all of 1 tie was ■JrowncMl at niiduight of the !)th of Septeinhcr, 1.583, having rashly ventured, with hji frigate too heavily laden, to make his homo- tchhI voyage from an cnterprize in which ho had taken possBssion of Ncafounilftnd. ' A^ 1-J84. which Ukewke loiscarrieJ by iho wretcliedaess of uo^ill'al iastru- ments (obusiog tfaereiu Sir W. K.), who, falling upoQ otLor prac- tizes, and which those tjtncs afiurdoiS, after the said White had been ia England the syconil time, and was refurnished out with all things needefuU for tlie colony, indenvoured nothing leflse tlicn the relief of the poorc planters, who afterward, aa you dbjiU read ia this following discourse, came therefore to a miserable and uq- tymely destiny. And this fatJill period had Sir W. R. his good purposes, and great ciiarges, all wliicU I have the more largely extracted, that yt may the more espreeairely appeare howe this is no cewe enterprlze, nor taken in haud now by a generallity (whii)li, true yt i^ before Sir W. R. his attaynder, without his leave we might QOt make introsioii uppon, the title being only ia him), to olfer cause of quarrell or offence to a pftaeefuU confederate, or Christian neigh- bour prince : a purpose soe far from the undertakers, couuccll, or body politique, to whomo the charter ia grauntcd by bis Majestic, as they shall wrest with too much streyned applieacions, the eudea- voura of such lionourable and leligioue personages who would raise their coantry, and tbou the mnuL'L-uuy of tlm cuueu. Secondly, where they saj yt is unhoucst in yt self, becaose i^ju* rioua to the naturuU^s yt being the fulfilling of the per|>etuan rule of justice, suum cuir/ue trtbuere — haw uiifitt soever that iuum ho for the poasesdor ; indeede, yt corryes some shevre of the right, and we cuIpaWu whiUt we doe labour m the coiitnu-y, oa Zenophon sftid, instructing the young Cjtu^ when the prince, being walked' forth one day into the fields, and bod epied two boyea comyng towards him: a great boy, covered with a short and skant coat; and a little boy, clad in a large train'd, wyde, and long gowne ; Cyru8 stript them both, and shifted them, by the exchange soe making a better proportion (as he thought) of fitncs for cjther; but, I say, his learued tutor told him, how he had not done well herein, fiitico every unc was to be maJater of his owne, however yt might appeare a naaticr of much inequality, and the owner unworthy of so large a measure of fortune. That myad is to be loved well, that will not leave doabtiag on* till it hath found out the truth ; but it must then be verilatem iptwrrre, non tnsidias st[r'\ui;re; indeed, this were asufFicyent argu- ment in such a coramonwealtb which, governed with ilio wdl ordered powers of philosophy and all naturall knowledges, wanted not neither the supcruall light, hut the groandes of both these (who knowes not] doe we goc to lay amongst a simple and barbarous people ; yet had they of themselves the first, ttiat is, the practice of all morrall pollicyea and offices of vertue, as perfect, perimptory, and exact, as the unbcleeving Grecians and inGdcUous Komaii9 had ; yet, since we (aa trmi CbriMtians) knowe that the world never was, nor must be, only and alone governed by morality,, and our charity suffers for them untill we have derived unto them the true knowledge indeed, which is the worshipp of the true God nnd their tind our blessed Redeemer, Christ Jesue, this can be no absolute instance of the right to tye ub (appeare it never so upright aud full of humanity) ; for soraetymes, and to the bettei'Ing of uJiiukiiid, tlie divine politique law ylself, we see, doth put on change, and byndoth PR,fiM0SITIO.N TO THB HEADEtl. 11 not semper et in omne, as in tlie casea of tlieft flud adultery, etc. Let niG aske tliis qncstion : Doe we not goe in a busines that must result greater otTeets, and strive within us, boyond the powers and preacriptioiis of morality ? No man must denye it, that will not hoodwinck his knowledge frotn the end and ayme, at least, to which we lett goe all our travailes; yet ahall we no whit wlvaunct; our early iind first prosecutions against Mio^e moroU duties neither, but like the best prpj^cribera of those roles themeeLvea (in tho learned and last monarchies), and with the lovers of them nowp, we will manly proceed, and exactly observe the siiine, even in this worke, so as the best Christian shall not be agrieved to heare of our pro- ceedings, when they shall reade of the same in uur Decades ; mrnt true yt is, we knowing that the offices of humanity cun heipe much in the forwarding hereof. Tlion if our aecions miiet relish all of pielie (not excluding neithor any one purticiilnr lielpe of curtesie nnd manlines), how religious and manly both Is yt to eomaiunieate with these simple and iniio* cont people (iinles, perhaps, you will say that it is altogether unlaw- full to enter commune and traffique with SHlvages and infidells, so bringing to the test the rich aud necessary trades into Turkey and the East Indies), kneeling whan we kneele, and lifting up theire handes and eyes when we pray; not so dueyble, as wilting to reecive our eustomee, herein like raced and unblotted tablet^], apt to receive what forme soever ehallbe first drawne therou, and who have lesse faith in religion, which maie bo tho more probably shaken by how much they have lesse power eyther of reason or of armes to dofend yt ihtin the Turk hath, and with whome to hold discourse of their religion canietU not, at least, that challenge and stepping into dauDger, as yt doth amongst other barbarous nations, eepecialty with the Turkea (with whome we hold aueh entcrchaug cable cur- tesies), who suffer not theirs divine lawe, given them in their Mnsaph,' or Alcoran, by their fatco prophet Mahnmet (and which ' .Vttftaf 18 the Arabic for a cod«, or bwk ; but wlien used with the Arabic articli;, thus, al mitha/, it generally refers to their sacred book, AI-KuKua, being tho civJl »nd rclijarioiis code of laws of tho Mohammodans. It is coinuioQ for tbo Mobannnudans to designate tli« Kumu bj thd taim, " Al M is h af el Karim", the gloiiouE Itaok. c2 12 PR^MONITIOU TO TITE KBADRR. mattes tbcm, as Ihey say, the true Uussetman, before the Persian), to be 5uli;]eot to this dispiitacion of unj Christian, upon tht pajTMl of a sure i. €. M)ltiaile«. 3 )'. «. UnJab. See ch. liv, v, 1-10. i pHjEiionitios to the rkaukh. 15 I aloo by those tUat doclare yt, tsndiug to tcmpDrull endcs ; vid surely many powerfull and divine arguments migLt be extrecied for this plaire, which ho there at Inrge perseciitKth, which would conlirme and s|)CBk satisfaction to the most sensuaU : yf so, why then besides tliese alleaged divine motives, politique and ratiunall respects, even common trude and hope of profttt might make UB forwai-d to be adventurers. Our country of Virginia hath no want of many marehaadize (which we in England accomplish la Dwimark, Norway, Prusia, Poland, etc.; fetch far, and buy deare) whieh udvaoace much, and assured increase, with lesse exehaiing of oar owne, with os few bazardes by 6ea> and wliich would mauD- taine us frequent and goodly a nuvio us what runs the Levant stage ; and those by ilivera ti'eaties, both in Lattiu and Eughsh, {irirato and puhlique, have ben, in their particuler names and values oftentymes expressed, espeeyally that which hath bene published by that true lover of vertue nnd great learned professor of all arts and knowledges, Mr. Ilariots,' who lyved there in the tyme of the first colony, spake tlie ludiau language, seaccht the country, and made many proufes of the richnes of the soyle, and commodiles therof, besid(?:s many planter? from thence, and right worthtc marchants, and those knowe^n to be men of much belief and L'l-edit, have witnessed as much to the world, in these latter tymes, if men will give them Btoage and welcome in their good Opinions, and sett aside their owne ovcrweemiags and singultirity lo cntertaine a truith, and out of those great plenties and havings (which God bath lent them to be his stewards here) be pleased lo heare themselves entreated to spare but a little, little portion to the raising and building op of a sanctum sanfjtamm, a holy bowse, and a sanctuary to his blessed uamc, amongat iufldcU ; placinge those therein on whome yt hatb now pleased him both to be suBi- cientty revenged for their forefathers' ingratitude and treasons, and to doseend in mercy to lighten [them] that sate iu darknes, and in the shadowe of deatli, and to direct their feet in the waye of peace. But perhappea there he those who will graunt that what they * Thomaa Hariot, or Harriot, mathcmiitical tutor to Sir W. Halfiijih, RCCOTDpanicd Sir Richard Grunvillc'-t oxjiedition to Virginia in 15SA, aud drew up au acoouat of his voya^, now very nro, printed \&itQ. f>. 16 PUJtUONITJON TO THE REAOea. bave read in Uioio disciiur»ea cleliv4!recl to the world maj be tiue, but will tliuysDj, Wliut open and actunll iojury shall we doe to the jpoore and iiiiiocent inliuljiuiunts to intrude U))pui) tliiiiut' 1 roust Bske tliKin n^iiiuB, In wbicb «ball we offer tbein injurj'e ? for prof- ferittg tticio trade, or ttie knowLedgu of Clirut ? From one of thoee two or both the iiyiiry must i)roc»'}' bene offreil to ue by the Romuns (oa ihe wnrlike Acnts did the Bnme, likewitte, in Cnltiiloniii, unto ihn I'it'tH), ev('ii by.Iuliiis CiL-sar Iiimsdf, then by Iho emperour Claudius, who wiu tliorcforc CMilk' — the figure 1 being mistakenly inaertod above for A. There \» !i co[iy of thtt work at Oriel College, Oxford. 8&a Wood's "Atbcua OxoniftUKtss". ^ See "Uieron. udvereas JoTiuioaum", liber ii. " KpiJitolK J). Uiero- nymi". Uoiii. IJfiS. Trim, ii, f". .'jO. ' Id<>Is, or fiods, who were protended to foretell &ture evcfltfl. See " Peter Martyr", Dec. i, IJb. ix, aud " Ovit>do", UK v. PILEMOSITIOS TO THE UKADKft. 19 Columbos nrnvcd there; and OB tliey did in Peru and Mexico, at what tynie Fertlinando Cortez reduced thera to the Christianity : and (IS the Quiyimf;li(]uiBtn-ks (nr prti'als) Him to llio idollfl uf tho snIvaHges here, albeit I hope ihey wi]l not long doe Poe, yf by a gentle and faire eiUreaty we may win them to be willing to heard and learne of us and our (jreiichera, the mure civile u&e of every particular in which Ihoy nowe too rudely and beastly doe amisfie. All the injury tliat wu purpose unto them, is but the amendment of these horrible healhcni^nies, nnd the reduction of them to the aforesaid manly dutyes, nnd to the knowledg (which the Romans could not give us) of that God who raust save both them nnd ns, and who bought us alike with a denre sufiernunce and pretious mensuro of mercy. For tlie opter enabling of our aelfcs unto which so heavenly an enterprise, who will Ifaincic yt an nnlawfult net to fortefle and j strengthen our selves (us nature requires) with the best helpes, and by sitting downe with guardes auil fyires about us in the wast and vast unhabited growndes of tlieir[93, amongst a world of which not one footo of a thousaad doe they either use, or knowe howc to turne to anybencHtt ; and therforc lyes so great a circuit vaync and idle ^ before them ? Nor is this any injurye unto them, from whoroe we will not forcenbly taks of their provision and labours, nor make rape of what they dense and manure ; but prepare and breake up newe growades, and therby open unto thera likewise a newe woye of thrift or husbandry ; for as a righteous man (according to Solo- mon) ought to regard the lief of his beast, so surely Christian men ehould not shew themaelves like wolves to devoure, wtio ainnot forget that every soule which God hath sealed for himself ha huth done yt with the print of charity and corapassion ; and therefore even every foote of land which we shall take unto our use, we will bargaiue and buy of them, for copper, hatchetts, and such like comodityes, for which they will even sell themselves, and with which they can purchnce double that quantity from their neigh- boure ; and thus we will commune and entreate with tbem, truck, and barter, our commodityes for theires, and theires for ours (of which they aeeme more faine) in all love and frcindship. uatill, for our good purposes towards them, wc shall findc them practize vio- o2 20 nunonrnoy to thr readeh. leooe or treason against as (as tbey hive done to our other colony at Boaooak) ; when then, I would gladly knowc (of such who pre- sume to knowo oU things), whether we maye stand npon our owne innoccnc^ or no, or bold yt a scruple in humanitje, or anj breach of cItarilj(to prevent our owne throaU from the cutting), to drawe OOr Bwordcs, ct vim pi" repcUere f [ FUinting («aith Sir George Pcckani,' writing an apologye in the ' like cause) ranj well be divided into two eorts, when Christians, b/ Uie good liking and willing usent of tiie salvadges, are admitted bjr Ihcm to (jiiiett poswasioo ; and whun Christians, being inhu- manolj repuUed, doe seeke to attayne and mayntayiic tlio right for which thej come, in regard of estHbliBhniciit of Christinn rcligioi cither of them mnje bo lawfully cxcrcyzed ; fur whiit soever God, bj* the ministration of nature, hath created on earth, was, at the beginning, common among men ; may yt not then be lawfull nowi to attempt the possession of such lands as nre voidc of Christian inhnhitantB, for Christ's sake? Uarke, barke, the earth is the Xiord's, and all that m therein. And all the norld he will call and provoke, Eren from the east, uid so forth to the woet. Ah it is in the 50 psalme, where David propheGieth how God will call all uatioim by the gospcll, and in the 12 verse : For alt is nijne th»i on the eArth doth dwell. And who shall bar him from his possession ? In the second booko of EadniB, the 6 i-hap., 14 ver., saieth the prophet : " And besidos this Adnm, whomo thow madest loi-d over all tlie ^vorkes which, thou hadst created ; of him come wo all." And in the Ifewe Tes- tament, Paule, calling himself the nposlle of the Gentiles, in the 1 1 of the Romans, 32 ver., saieth, that Gi>d hath shut up all in uabelieff that he mi^ht have mercy on all ; jet, in another place of the same opifltle, he snieth : "And how etiall they call on him t Su" George Peckhnm, in an anooytnous work entitled "Tmc Rcporte of th"TTION TO TmS REAJ>BR. 66 cliap., — " Those which sliall tiB<>a|>o oui of lemell shall goo fin- off to Tharsia nnd to the remote i.slnnds, where they shall convert many nations unto the I^rd, and thL-rcforo is Christ called the siilvntion of nntions (Gen. 4, Easy V), tliPre btring no ntlier name under heaven unto men whereby to he soTcd, but only this of Christ's" (Acts 4). And in tlw Old Testament we shall read, when strange and great nations would not submitt to the ynuke of thio knowledge of the ererlaating God by fairo entreaty, they wore, ffrro etfinmmia, compelled thereunta In Josua and the Judges l^lentifull instances iidhore to thi> making of ibis good : there n to be seene binv Moeea, Josua, and Gedion would send spies and discoverers for the like purposes {misit igitur Joshuc Jitius Nan de St'thtt duos viroi explorntores in abicondito, et dixit eis, Ite rf cvmiJt^rate tcrram urbemfue Jerkho. — Jos. 2) into kingdoms, nations, and j>rDvint;es, and thereafter bcaeiged their towiies and Wrong howldee j and when the Gentiles wonld not call for mercy, they would lay waste and burne their chief citties : so fell Jericho, ami so was Ai surprisc<1, the inhabitnntn elayne, and their kinge liaagod up. Head the 12 chapter, and you bIuiU find n PBtalogue of 3 1 kings and grent princes of the liethen put tu the edge of the Gword, whilst the Gibionites, intreating by ainlmssudnurp, were taken into pi-oleccion, and admitted into the colonye of the Israel- ites, nnd yet made their servants, and felch-watfirs. And thus these few and utiaktlfuU scienes, but fccvenea of truith, brought to this act, they shall suffice to begett a setleled opinion of guodnes, und of the right of this buaiues, in any who huth hereto- fore doubted, appealing to impartlall jadgmcnta wlieather the Kinge of Spnine hath priority of title to ibie pait of America before the English ; nay, whether he both any coulour of title by thiy at ail ? or whether this enterprize be an unchristian acte, or injury to the naturatla ? and if neither, whether their Kpiphonema^ deserves just ehovrt and applause, wlioe decliire yt unlawful!, iind an unnaturall bufiines, and to God di^pleasinge. 1 Outcry. FINIS. 'x T*i ^3 HISTOKIE OF TRAVAILE UITO VIRGINIA BRITANNIA. CAPUT I. The Cosmugrupliie of Tirginta ; IntUudo and IwuikIh ; cxtciitloo upon • right lyne ; first dinEion — the quality of the mountajnea, and deo- crtptiou of the high land ; BulxUvidcd ; her tempvnture, wjnde, eoyle, vali«tt, plaiaes, nuu-i&hes, etc. VmoraLi UuiTAKviA u a country in America; yt lyeth bctwceae tbe degree!) of 30 imd 44 of the north latitude ; the howntk* whereof may well hu thnt layd : on the t-ast ronneth the great ocean, or niayne Atlantiqnc Sea ; on the ■until side, Florida; on the north, Nova Francia ; as for the west, the IjTiiitta thereof ore imknowno, only it is supjioscd there niaye he found the discent into the South. Sea, hy the SpanianU CJilled Mar del ziir, no meeting with the thmhtfiil] uorth-west passage, which leades into the east, to China, Cathay, Giapaii, the Moluecaes, cte., now yniagined to Ijc discovered hy onr eoiintryman Hudson, and therefore, for the more certainty thmrof, the search anew tluM prcsente yeare/ undertaken hy Capt. Button, Cnpt. Nelson, and Capt. *: alheit, there he who iiffinue that if there elionld he a third hmd-lockcd sea, which hath no enter- 3 The omitted name is iDgnun. Cttptain Ingram caiumandcJ the Discovftry, in coinfmii.y wiUi Cuptuin Buttou. Nelson was tnutcr of tbe ReKuIuliiiTi, Captjtiii lIuttLin'K jihip. Virion !• Ill)'* (hmui4vrt sailud in command of » squadron of thr*!© TC«8cIit, with one httnilred and ten Esttlors, aoO rcacbuil Obcsri[H:akfl llaj in April of that year. Ho fouudvJ JaiucA Tuwn, — the oldvst BVttloment, with the excoplioQ «t' .St. Augii^tmc, in tlie United States. I CommnJiier, or governor, a.i heroaftur dcacribwl. k nno vninran. 27 ItiMsin- then below, aud tUe low country firuicta grow here. It is supposed that the low laud hath more H&b and fowle, and the high laud more immher of beasts. Tlie [tcnple diffur not much in nat^ire, hnbit^ or eondicion, only they are moru dar- ing up]K>n us; aud before we ei'ected our forts amongst them, there was ever enmity, aud open warrs, bctweeuo the high and lowe country, going by the uamesof Mouocausand Powh&tans. To the norward of the Falls, and . bcnrlijUg to the nor- [ cast, lieth the skirt of this hi^h land country, from whence the aforesaid live great uangablc rivers take their heads, which run through the low land [as is before mencyoned) into the Chcsapcack Bay; this quarter is tiltogithcr uuknowcn to us as yet, only herein are seated (say the Indians) those people whom Powhatan calls the Bocootawwonaiikoa, who (he saitli) ^iJr doc likewise melt copper and other mettalln; how true we j;^^^'^' must leave to further discovery. — -1 To the nor-ward agaiiic of this, in the height of 44, lycth the country called Panaquid, the kingdome wherein ourto'uV" weeterue colony, uppon the river of Saehailchoek,' was somc- tymc planted, wliich is a high land, and noe lease truictfull then these other parts, save only the extremity of the winter's coldness unikcs yt lesse pleasant ; yet did our men, in their yll built and bleakc cottages, endure one whole wynter there, without any great losse or danger ; nor is it more cold then the winter in Scotland; and therefore, though that colouye he now discontynued, yet is not yt the reaaon, but rather the death of the honorable gentleman, Sir John Popham, knight, late lord chief justicCj chief patron of the same. Now concerning the low land, or Virgiuia, which bordercth S^'USS""' west and uor-wcst, uppon the Falls, and the country of the ' '"' '' Monacans and north uppon the Bocootawwanaukes, east upon the sea, and south uppon Florida, yt may well enough be UnkcrlicafH. ' The Kcnnobutfk River, whvru a. pluiiMitioii, nnnii;d 8t. George, wiut fouiwleJ in 13(17, umlur the presidency of lWei|(ti Oilbert nnd Geurge Puptaiii, tirutlier of Sir Jo!iu, the Lord Chivf Ju»tii,-». Both of thew: brotliem died ifl the year 1 (i^T. as niSTOBIE OF TnWAlLK Dia. devidcd into South Virginia and North Virgiuia, the Cbeso- poack Bay unci Powhatan River parting these twoo- The cape of this Imy, on the aouth aidoj we call Cape Heury, in honoiu- of that our most royall [let-eased prince, where the land shevres white liiUy »a.iii\, like unto the DoAmcs, and all along the shoare groive g;reat plenty of pines and firrs. The north foreland of this hay, wliich the Indiana terme Aceowmack, we call Cape Charles, in honor of our now prince, at that time Duke of York : witliin these lyea our country, and only hy the mouthe of tliis goodly bay the entrance there- unto. f South Virginia is a very low, sandy soyle, without rocka, or any stones at all ; yt is thick sett with woodes of divers kindes, and in nil tilings resemhleth North Virginia, excepted the lowneaac of the laud and want of stones; yt hath divers rivers in yt, hut none navigable to our knowledge ; yt hath many islands, which lie into the sea before the firme land, hut the water is not deepe for shippingc betweene them and the mayne. Yt is said to have of the same silke whereof the Chynoes make theii* damaskc, called hy the Portugalla' gone del chcrua, in great aboundaunce, and sondiy apothecary dmg^s, which are nowe found likewise as fi'equent in our north parte; it is a fruitfull countrey, and not much subject to cold; in this country it was that Sir Walter Raleigh planted his two Colonies, in the islande aforesaid, called Roanoack. No parte of this sowth country is supposed to be under Sp™im-' I'oTvhatan, but under an absolute Wcroancc, as powerfiill and ah!s.^*^' great as Powliatan. It shall not full in here bo well at largo to particulate the bowndes, estate, cnstomes, aud comodityes '. Thoao words are not Portuguese; nor, as the "del" might at first lead us to suppcmc, aro thoy Spaniali. Tbo best conjecture the editor caD ii]ftk« U, that as allusioa is doubtkss uade to tLe silk-grass of tbo country, the word "cheraa" is a mis-sptlling for "yerba", Sjmnieh ; or "crlm.", Portuguese: the word "boiio" ih to him utterly uniutelligiblo. The same words, without any aJteratiou, occur in the duplicate M8. io the Ai»biaolean <;olItiCtion at Oxford. INTO VIRGINIA. 29 of this south parte, since yt shaX be exemplified in his due place in the second booke of this Decade, as yt is already sett forth and expressed to piiblike vicwe, both in English and Lntyu, by Thcoilorus ilc Bry' and Mr. Ilurriotts, who w«a u. planter there one whole yeare ; albcyt I nrnat acknowlcdg the coleraunce of both the countryes is such, as the relation of the one maie suffice to give understanding of the coudiciun and quality of both. _ North Vii^nia lycth on the north side of Powhatan, or the firat river %nthin the Cbesapeak Bay (which wc have called the King's River),' up to the Falls,' and from thence by the skirt of the high land, by the hejules of the rivers, even to our maync sea, upon the uorthcrne shoare of the which said King's River (as London upon the Thames) arc seated aa yet our priucipall towues and forts, which ai'C in chief coni- maunded by their great kiuge Powhatan, and are compre- hended under the denomination of Tsenacommacoh, of which we maye the more by experience spe;ik, yt being the place wherein our aboad and habitation hath now [well neere) 11^ yeares consisted. The sommcr here is hot aa in Spainc, the winter cold as in I'Vaunce or Kngland ; the heate of the sommer is in June, July, aud August, but comoaly the eool breezes asawage the vehemency of the heat ; the chief of winter in half December, Januaiy, "FL'bruary, and half March. The temperature of this country doth well agree with the English constituciona, being somctyracs seasoned in the same. Kalith Virgin 1a □rLiuii*. Nol untltir, or too at«r, llir. TniplUi», I A celebrated cngraTcr, bom at LiogG in 1581, died in 1623. lie is vepGCially kuoHii Tor hla t'asaous collection of "■ OnLuds et Petits Vnyageij", Fnjikfutt-ou-tiiu-Miuti, Hi^Q-lGM ; 25 (lai-ts, folio, with vuluubU plates, some of which arc used by Hariot to illnfitrate hia " Eriefe and true Report of the new found land of Virginia". '^ Jmne» Rjv«r. * PuIIb at Richmond. • In the mauuBcript, the word " six" was originally written, but hae been croBsedoutj and two strokcs,tliU8"ir'. inserted, in a darker coloured inlE. 30 HISTORtK OF TB^VAILE wyuJe*. OinKnR- liah trviu* jiinijinT in vlrKiniiL which hath appeared untu us by this, that ulbcyt, by inauy occasions, ill lodging at the first (tlic poorer ou the bare gruuiid, and the bent iu such miserable cotages at the best, as through which the fcrrent piercing heat of the sun, which there (it is true] is the first cause^ creating such sommcr fevers amongst them, found never resistatmcc) hard fare, and their owne judgments and saffoties instructing them to workc hard iu tho taint tynio of sommcr, (the better to be accomodntt^d and fitted for the wynter,) they have fallen sick, yet hare they recovered apayne, by very small meanes, without helpe of fresh diet, or comfort of wholsome phisique, there boiug at the first but few pliisiqne helpes, or skilfidl Hurgeons, who knew how to apply the right medecinc in a new country, or to search the quality and constitucion of the patient, and his distemper, or that knew how to councell, when to lett blood, or not, or in necessity to use a launce in that office at all. In the year 1607 waa an extraordinary frost in most of Europe, and this frost was found as extreme in Vii^iuia; but the next yearc following, and so ever since hitherto, for 8 or 10 dayos of ill weather, we have comonly 14 dales of foire and Bomerly weather. ■ The wyndes here are variable: from the so- west come the greatest gusts, with thunder and heat; the nor-wcat wind is commonly coolc, and biingcth fiiirc weather with it: from the north is the greatest cold ; and from the ea«t and BOuth-cast [as from the Bei-mudas) foggs mid raines ; some- tymea there are great droughts, other tymes much rayne ; yet we see not but that all the variety of needfull fruits and vegetables, wliieh we transport from hence and plant there, thi-ivc and prosper well, of which husbandry and thrift we have made many experiments, and they stand us nowe in noe little use, hanng plentyc of them ; there is not that seed or hearb which our country here, by maniuing and cultui-e, bring forth, but doe there growc likewise quickly, and to no change- ■ able tast from their nature, — nay, to better then in England,! urro V1BGOIU. 81 — as parsenips, carpotts, tumipH, pumpions, meIlon«, cowcum- beni, etc., and many of oiir English garden soedcs — par8ley,__J cudiif, aocory, etc' Tlicrc hath bene brought from the West Indies the plunt^^ of oraugc trees, which, put into the ^oimd carelesly and neclectedj hare yet pi-osjieredj as also the vines of Fraunce, tobacco-seed from Trinidado, cotton, wool, and ^"J^^^oi i potatoes, we have committed to the triall of our soyle, and pl^J*' they ycrely come to good passe ; the routes of the delicious Fiwirfi ' Indian pina, sett in a sandy place, thrived, and contynncd Ufe, without respect had of yt, untill the cold wynter and the weedcs choaked yt ; yet is this fhiict said to be daintye, nice, and of that nature, that noe art or industry bath be found out hitherto that could preserve yt in any clyinnte but in the West Indie lalauda only. For the likelyhood of growing of sugar-eaues, we have some probable hopes, by reason of the '^"•^^'J?' greatiies and swectnes of the stalkc of the country wheat, and •"«"<*'**^ the soile being aromaticall, as 1 may speake, by the gtuta- Jras, gufbannm mecfioacon, otherwise called ruharbum album, of which Dr. Bohun made triall in cold and moist bodies, for the pui^inge of fleame and superfluous matter; as also awhit bole, which Dr. Bohun calls Terra afia l^rffinenris, both aro- maticall, and cordiall, and diapliaretick, in pestilent and malignant fcavers ; and some other driiggs ; it can be but some litle tyme industriously spent to make tryall of this soe rich comoditj'e. The vesture of the earth, in most places, doth maaifestly f* "•jU-'J prove the nature of the soyle, in most places, to be lusty and very rich ; tlie coulor of the earth, we find, in dyvers places, ''"* resemhleth bole armoniack, fullers' earth, marlc, and that cartli whieli we suppose of the like qiuihty with the Lemuian terra itt{/itfnta, soc pricefidl and marehautable iu Turkey; as, likewise, there is a clay which the Indians call assegtjuetk,' ' Chicory. ' This is probably tlm sainu day as that now railed Catiinite, from the ci:l«l>nit«cl traveller, Oeorg« Ciitliu, who prvscutvd tlic ooljr Uirvo [)icc«s knonro iu tlxia country, to thu British Museum. HISTORIB OF miVAOI itrw- PUgvM. whereof they make their tobacco pipes, which is more smooth and fyuc then I have cllttnhcrc scene luiy. But generally the earth upon the upper cniBt, ia a black fatt mould ; next, uudcr that, is a gray sandy iiiarli:^ which, in dyvcrs places, is a redd sand, and in other phices, a hard chiy ; in some places, a fatt slimye clay; but the best ground is knowne by bur- then which it beareth, aa by the greatness of trees or abound- aunce of wecdes. This part is not mouutauous; we sometyme meet with pleasant plaincs, small risingc hilU, and lirtile Tallies, one cmsffing another, and all watered conveniently with brookes and springs. By the rivers arc many plaiiic marishes, con- teyning, some twenty, name one hundred, some two hundred acres, some more, some lessc ; other playnes there are few, bnt only where the salvages inhablte, but all overgrowne with trees and woodes, being a plaine wildemea, as God first ordcyucd yt. All the low land of South and Nortli Virginia is conjec- tured to have bene natiu-jilly gayucd out of the sea; fur the sea, through Ms impetuous and vast revolntion (who knowcs ' not), savingB upon every coast, in some places wyns, and in other places looscth ; and wc find irithin the shoarcs of oar rivers, whole bancks of oysters and acallopps, which lye un- opened aud thick together, as if there had bene their nntiurall bedd before the sea left them ; likewise, the fashion of the earth is in smale risiogc inonnts, which may well be siipposwl that the violence of the wynd hath eawsed, by drjTing the light sand togithcr ; moreover, the mould and sword of the earth is not two foot dcepe all along neore the sea ; aud that which is, comes only by the grassc, and leaves of trtics, and such rubbish, rotting upon it in contynuauce of time; for in digging hut a futliome or two, we commonly find quick sand. Againe, imder the ci-ust of the surfage, we find not any stoiius nor rocks (except neern the high land), naio, in must places to soward, not so much as a pebblc-stonc, which must proceed through want of tymc, that no duration Imth there ben wrought ; benides, the water el)bs and flowea well nigh unto the hcades of iiU the rivers (1 mennc to the falls, UDto the high laud), and the natives which now people with us^ on this side bcnenth the said falls, are conccuved not to have inhabited here belowe much more than three hundred ypjirs. But al! which we caimot but truly conjecture, that the upland eoiuitrye is a faier and goodly t*oimtryj more sweet and wholsome in respect of ayre, and more rich in 9oyle, and fraigbted witlt better comodytics, and those more neceasar)', besideji the assurance of mineralls, concemiuKC wliicb we doe ab"eady beare the ludians talltc both of aUuin j i mines and copper, to the soward, where hath bene autficyent ^y tyiuo for digestion. AH which wc must submitt to more cleire discovcrves. CAPUT n. Description of tlie five j^riocipall rirera within the Chcsapcalc B&j, toge- ther with Rucli by-stre&Tnes which fall iiitu thctiii ; h duKeriptioii of the SaaqucmhaTioug^ of Cape La Wiirro ; thti falling with our cotut; the fitacB.s of Cii.pe Comfort tu fortefie at. l«l liiv.r. On the west side of the bay, wc said were five fairo and delightfull navigable rivers, of which we will now procecde to report. The first of these rivers, and the nest to the mouthc of the bay, hath his course from the west and by north. Tlie name of this river we call the King's River j^ they call Powhatan, according to the name of a priucipall -niii. ri««r country that lycth upon the head of yt; the raoiithe of this "^'j'*'"'' river is ueere three myles in breadth, yet doc the shoells force ][iJ^' the chanuell so neere the land, that a sacre^ will overshoot yt ' Kt>w Jamca River. ' Fdlco ftftcur ; Anglit-A '" Sa,cre", or " wiW, a Hold and active ypeciM t J 34 tllSTOIUE Ol" TRATAILR ^- J at point hUnck. Thin river hfttli a channel!, for a hun Hinl forty milfMj of di^|)th betwixt seveu aud fifteen fatliomo, holding iu breadth, for the most parte, two or three miles; and in which are many isles, both great and small. Yt falle from rocks far west, in a country inhabited by a nation, aforesaid, that they call Monacan; but where yt cometh into our discovery, yt is Powhatan. In the fiirtbeat plaec th hath been diligently obsuncd, are falls,^ rocks, showlds, cti ^ which makcR yt past navigation any higher; albeit, forty miles above the said falls, yt hath two branches, or other rivers," that fall into yt ; the head of the northerraost comes from eertaine stcepe mountaines, tlint are said to be impass- able ; the bead of the other comes from high bills afar of, within the land, from the topps of which hills, the people saio they see another sea, and that the water is there salt; and the jonmey to this sea, from the falls, by their accompt, should be about ten dates, allowing, according to a march, sijJiK" fourteen or sixteen miles a ilay.' In the runing downe- ward, the river ia enriched with many goodly brooks, whie^ are maynteyned by an inlimte number of small rundclls plcasnnt springs, that disperse themaclves for best service, aa doe the vainr."? of a man's body. From the south Bide thertj falls into this river, first, the » The falls at Richmond. " The Appomatoi and CliiKLiiiolioinmiB rivars. s Tliis deluaiun geuin^ to have Iieon cnturtatnod for iHEny years ; lor in a work entitled the "The Discovery of New Brittftintj", piiIjliKtud Iw John Stephenson, London, IGolj is a map in which " the Sc» of China ami the ladies" ia hiought olos(» undor the Alloghftiiy mminlainn, with tho following information attached ; — ^' Sir Francis Dmlce was on this sea. * and landed in anno 1577, ia 37 dftgroos, wbcro hoc too&e possesion lo^h the name of Qutii^ci Eliza: civtiing it New Alhion, whose happy sho«r8^| (in ten dayes inurcli, with fifty footu aud thirty horBBmon, from the hojid^^ of Juaiues River, over those hills aod through the rich adjacent valloyea, heautyficd with as pr»ffitablo riTcrs which necesj^arity must rim into that pcnccfuU Iniiian sea) may !}e discovered to thcoxcccdin; hcncfit of Oreat Brittnine, nnd joye of all tnio Englijdi." INTO \1R«INIA. S& pleasant river of Appamatuck; next (more to the east) are The by- the two rivera of Quiyoughcolianoclt ;' a little further is at-WohM bav,* wherein fallcth tlircc or four pretty brookes aud creeks, ""'"■ "*?f, , that half eutreuch the iiiliabitaiits of Warraakoyack ; then ^j^.'^w. the river of Naudsamuud,' and lastly, the brooke of Chesa- peak.' From the north side is the river of Chick ahamania, the black river of James Townc; another by the Cedar Isle, wherein are great stoore of gooidly oysters ; then a conve- nient harbour for craves,^ frygatts, or lishcr-bontes, at Kc- coughtan, the Trhich By-Rill so coaveaieiitly tnmeth yt self into baieS) covea, and crocks, that the place is made very pleasant thereby to inhabite, the come fields being circled therein in manner && so many peniusulaes. The most of these by-rivers are inhabited by severall nations, or rather families, taking theire names from those rivers, aud wherein a severall governour or weroance comaundeth. The firstj and next the river's mouthe, arc the Kecough- The- tans, then the Paspahcghes, the Arrohatccks, and the place '^.""-^ called Powhatan. On the south side of tliis river are the Appamatucks, the Qiuyoughcohanocka, the Warraskoyacks, the Nandsamnndsj the Chesapeaks; of this hist place, the bay beareth his name. Fourteene miles norward ftism the river Powhatan, is the s..iiri.iT, Pumuikv of river Pamimck,*^ which we call the Prince's Eiver, navigable *" vnant sixty or seventy miles with shippcs of good burthen ; bnt with catches and small barkes, thirty or forty miles fiir- ther. At the ordinary flowing of the salt water, yt dcvidcth yt self, at Cinqnotcck, into two gallant brauuches : on the ttouth bramich cnhabite the people of Yonghtamund; on the 1 Cbipuu-k Cnsuk. ' Which Ktill bean tlic Kami! QUme. * Probably Elizal>ctli rivor. 6 Craicra (—Old RomanM. A h»j or itci&ck.— J3otfejr. s Yorkrivisr. 3 Cobhara Bay. H«w. Mount, au-rj jj. north braunch, Mattapament. On the north syde of this river biiw^e^'l i* Werowocomoco, where theire great kinge inhabited when mm^ wc earnc first into the country. Ten or twelve miles lower, on t]ie south aide of this river, ift Ki^kiak; these, aa also ApiHiniiituck, Oraimks, ArrohatHck, and Powhatan, are their great king's inheritance, chief atlinnce, and inliabitaunce. tlponYmightamnnd is thy seat of Powliatan'« tlireu brethren, wliorae, M-e kame, are successively to govern after Powbatan, in the same dominions which Powhatan, by right of birth, as the elder brother, now holdcs. The rest of the countiyes under his comand, arc (as they report) his conquests. Before we come to the third river, that falleth from the mouutaines, there is another river, which takes not his birth or head so high, but is only some thirty miles navigable, and yssuetb from out the riffs and breaches from the iidaud ; the river is called Payankatank, the inhabitants whereof are but Jf^r. few (not now above forty or fifty), and are the remaync of the conquered Kecoughtans, wliome he transported thither; for in the yeare l(30ti, Powhatan tiurprised the naturall inha- bitannce of Payankatank, his neighbours and subjects. The occasion was to iis unknywno ; but the mamier was thus per- formed. Mrst, he sent divers of his men to lodge amongst thcu) one night, pretending u general! hunt, who were t« give the allarum unto au ambuscado of a greater company within the woodes, who, upon the signo, given at the howei' appointed, enrironcd all the bowses, and fell to the execution. Twenty-four meu they kiUl outright [the rest escaping by fortune and their swift footmansbip) ; and the long hairc of the one side of their heads, with the skin cased off with shells or rccdes, they brought away to Powhatan. They surpriseil also the womeu and childreue and the Weroanco, all whomc they presented to Puwhataii. The lockes of haire, with their skynnea, they hanged on a lync betwceae two trees ; and of tbesi: Puwhatan made oateiitatiou, as of n grcntc triuraphc,at Werowocomoco, not longc after, shewing them to such the i IXTO vmniNiA. 87 English as came unto liim at his appointment, to trade with lum for cornCj thiacking to have terrified them with this spectacle, n.ud, iu the midst of their amazement, to liave Bcascd them ; but, God be prayacd, yt wrought not feare but oourage in our people, and awaked their discreationa to stand upon their guard the more cautulously ; and, by tliat meanes, they came oCf agayue from him, contrary to his purpose. And let me truly saie, how they never killed man of ours, but by our men's owue foUy and indiscretion, suffering them- selves to be beguiled and enticed up into their howscsj with- out their ai-mcs ; when then (indeed) they have fallen iippmi them, and knockt out their brnyues, or stuck them fidl o( arrowes (no force) for their credulity. But of so many men which the coramou report, out of ignoraimce, gives out here to have been slayed by those Indians, I would but knowc if they can name me three men that they ever killed of ours in skirmish, fort or field, but by thia kind of subtilty iu them and weakness in ours; and whome the sword of justice wonltl have cut off (had they escaped the Indians), for adventuring 80 amongst them, either against discipline and the charge given them, or, indeed, agaiuNt common sense and duty unto their ownc lyves. The tliird imvigablc river by the NaturaUa of old was cfdlcd Opiscatumcck, of lateToppahanock, and we the Queen's River ;' this is navigable some one hundred and thirty miles. At the top of yt iuhabitc the people called Mannahoncks, amongst the mouutajTies, but tliey are above tlie place de- scribed in Captain Smithe'* mappe. Uppon this river, on the north side, arc seated a people called Cuttatawomcu, with thirty tighting men ; higher on the river are the Moraugbta- cunds, with thirty able men ; beyond them Toppahauock, with one hundred men ; far above ia another Cuttataworacn, writh twenty men ; ou the south, far within the river, is Nand- taughtiicund, having one himilrcd and fifty men; this river ' Now cfcUcd Rappttbanaock ri?cr. Tin. toLBbi (Bills. SB inSTOTHK OP TRAVAILB rirvr. The also, as the former, hath her burthen extraordinary both of_ fish and fowle. The fourth river is called Patawomeck/ and we call Eliza- beth Rircr, and is six or seven miles iu breadth ; yt is navi- gable one liuuircd and twenty miles, and fed, as the rest, with many sweet rivers and springs, wliicb fall from the bordering hills; many of them arc ^ilanted, and ycld noc Icsse plcntyo and variety of fruict then the other rivers; yt exceedeth with aboundance of fish, and ia inhabited on both sidea : first, on the south side, at the very entrance, is Wighcocomoco, and SUiumi., widch hath some one hundred and thirty fighting men ; be- yond that is Cekakawwon, with thii'ty men ; then Onawma- nientj with one hundred men; then Satawomcck, with one hundred and sixty able men : here doth the river devide j-tself into three or four convenient rivers; the greatest of the least ia called Quiyou^li, tending nor-wcst, but the river ytself tumeth nor-east, and is still a navigable streme. Oa the wcatcmc Jiiidc of this bought- is Taxcncnt, with forty able men; somewhat further is Potapoco, with twenty men. In the east parte of the bought of the river is Pamacocack, \Tith sixty men; after Moyoones, with one hundred men; and lastly, Naeothtank, with eighty able men. Tlie river, ten miles above this plncc, makcth his passage downe a low plewraud valley, overshadowed in many places with high rocky moun- taiues, from whence distill innumerable sweet and pleasant springs. Within thia river Captain SamueU Argoll, in a small river AriKoiiMi*. fl-iiich the Indiana call Oeniho, anno IGIO, trading in a bark »^"riv^r. called the Discovery, for corne, with the great king of Pota- woraeek, from him obteyned well neere four hundred bushells of wheat, pease, and bcaucs, beside many kind of furrs, for nyne pounds of copper, four bunches of leads, eight do^n of hatchetts, five dozen of knives, four bunches of hells, one dozen of cizcrs, all not much more than 40s. English ; as also ' Tbo Fotomftc. * The same && "biglit", b baud or iudcntaUun. Capiun SniniiHll INTO \1I10INIA. 39 I from the said kiiig^s brothor Tupassmts, Icing of a place called Pflstanzo, recovered au English boy, called Henry Spilrann, I'l;^,^!*'' vrho had lived amongst tbcm one whole ycare, and despayring o^Kta^or of ever seeing his native country, his father's bowse, (for he wits discended of a gcntill family) , or Christiims any more ; likewise here Captain Argoll found a myne of antimonye ^J^'"' {which seldome goes imaccompanycd with quicksilver) , as also lf\<^^ a kind uf hevy black sand upon the hancks, whichj being washed, weyed maasy with lead. The fiftc river is called Pawtusimt, and is of a lessc pro- Pnwtowmi . or tbp portion then the rest, but the channcll is sixteen or eighteen oi»kP» fathomc deepo in some places ; here are infinite aculla of divers kynds of fish more than elsewhere. Upon this river dwell the people called Acquintanacsuck, Pawtuxunt, and Slattapa- tl- ment ; two hundred men was the greatest strength that could be there pereeavcd by oiu* dUcoverics, but they inhabite to- gether, and not so dispersed as the reat ; these, of all other, were found the most civile to give eutertainroent, and there- fore from them we rcccavcd fjreat curtesie and much good clieare. Thirtye leagues norward is a river not inhabited,' yet aavi- gable, by reason of the red cfirth or clay resembling bole- armoniack ; the discoverers called yt Bolus. At tho cud of the bay (where is six or seven niilc«> in breadth) there fall into yt four small rivers, three of them yssnyug from divers boggs, envyroned with divers raoantaiucs. Uppon the river iuhaldtc ft people called the Sasqncsahnnoiigs ; they are seated two daycs higher tlien was passage for the discoverers' barge j how- TLc(i«»ori|H beyt, sixty of the Snsqncsnhanougs came to the discoverers t*"'!"** with skynns, bowcs, arrowcs^ targctts, swords, bcadca, and to- bacco-pipes for presents. Such great and well-proportionetfil men are seldome scene, for they seemed like giants to the English, — yea, and to the neighbours, — yett seemed of an honest and simple diaposicion, with much adoe restrajTicd ' The Susi|ueha.iiunh river. Wp now cftU it HuwHnI river. 40 HISTOKIB or TKAVMLK ^ from adoring the discoverers as f^ods, Tlicse arc the most straimg people of all those comitrycs, both in Un^iage and attiro; for their hingiifigc yt may well bcseeme their proiior- tions, soundiug from them m j't were a fj^cat voice in a vault or cave, as an eccoe : their attire is the skyna of licarea and woulvcs ; some hnvo cassockH made of bcarcs' hides oud skyns, that a man's neck goeth through the akynn's meek, and the eares of the hearc are fastened to his f>houliIer8 l>chinil, the nose and teeth hanging duwne his brest, and at the end of the nose hangs a bear's patv; the half slocvcs cominge to the elboe were the necks of heares, and the armes through the mouth, with paM'es hanging in a chaine for a Jewell ; liia to- bacoo-pipc thi-oe quarters of a yard long, prittely carved with a bird, a dcnre, or with some such devise, at the great end, snfticient to beat out the brayiiea of an horse. Likewise their howett, and arrowes, and eliibbs, are sutable to their grcatncs ; these are scarse knowne to Powhatan. They can make well neare GOO able ami mightic men, and ore pallisadodc in their townes to defend them from the Massawomecka, their mortall enemyes. Five of these cliief Weroances came aboard the discoverers, and crossed the bay with them in their barge: the picture of the greatest of them is here portrayed [See piate]: ihti calf of whose leg wa« three qiinrtcra of a yard about, and all the rest of his Ipnes so answerable to that proportion, that he seemed the goodliest man they ever sawe ; his haire the one syde was long, the other shome close, with a ridge over his croTvne like a coxcomb ; his arrowcs were five quarten long, lieaded with flints or splinters of stones, in forme like n heart, an incc broad, and an ynch and a half or more long; these be woi-e in a woolve's skjn ou his back for his quiveTi his bow in the one hand and Ids club in the other. TookwojEb, On the east side of the bav, is the river of Tockwouah,' and cjUH,.iopy iippoii yt a people that can make a Inmdred men, seated acme seven miles within the river, where they have a fort 1 CSiostcr river. Ftrm !.•/ } A :-us-,,;rs;--ANNA-- IWTO VIRGINIA. •ii very well pftUisadode, and mantelletl with the bark of trees; next to them arc tlic Oziuies, with sixty men; more to the south of that cast side of the bay, is the river of Kuscnra- woak/ upon whieli is seated a people witli two hundred men; after that, is the river of Wicocomaco,^ and ou it a people with one huudred men. The people of these rivers arc of a little statiu'c, and of anotlier hmgiiagc from the rest, and very rude ; but they on the river of Accohanock/ with forty c^J^miui men, and they on the river of Accomack, with eighty menj k^4cw!^ doc cqualiijie any of the territories of Powhatan, and speaV Wighoow- * "^ I1J»W flu. his language, who, over alt those, doth rule aa kingc. Southward, they went to some parts of Chawonock and the Sw")^^' Mangoangs, to search them there left by Sir Walter Raleigh; which parts, to the towue of Chesapeack, hath formerly bene dlscoveretl by Mr. Harriotts and Sir Ralph Lane."* Araongst those people, are thus many severall nations, of aondry languai^es, which environ Powhatan's territoriea: the f^^ Chawonoeks, the MangoaugSj the Monacans, the Mannacans, i^mlllL*. the Mannahocks, the Sasqucsahanougs, the Acquanachuks, the Tockwoghcs, and the Nuskarawaoks. Of all these, not any one undcrstandcth another, but by interpreters ; their sererall habitations are more plainly described by the annexed mrm" ^V. raappe, set forth by Captaiu Smith, of whose paines taken sid^X **"■■! hcrciuj I leave to the censure of the reader to judge. Sure i '■ ' " am there will not retiirue from thence, in hast, any one who hath bene more iudustrious, or who hath had (Captain Geo. c»pi. Oifnv Percie excepted") greater experience amongst them, however misconstmction maye traduce here at home^ where is not ' Uhoptn.nk river. ^ This rivor utill bears the snmB □smo. ' TtuB river still bears the a«iue name. * He ftccoinpamed Sir Richard GrenTiIio as Lieutenant-miuWr iu bis TOjago of 1 58r». S Ottpt^iu George Pure; held the tcmporajpf pronidencj; of tbo colon; on two ocoaflions, viz., on the departure of Captain John Ruiith m KlOB, and OD tbc return of Lord Uiilawanr to If sgland, on account of ill health, inKUl, 4» HISTORIE or TRAVAILS From AcDuwmiMk rouMtSi the way ilLinu" CniiL (lu«- easily seene the mixed aiiffcrouncea, both of body and mynd, which is there daylie, nud with no few liazar<7^ inga arc Rflccnc fatliome to &ve ,- but if we hit the channell, we havu no Icssc than scvcu or eight fathomc ; soc jl is all over bold inough, baring neither ledgea of rocks, no barren, no ttandy shulft-s, but the bottom even and plainc. Our two capes. Cape Henry and Cape Charles, doe lye no- east and by east, and BO--we»t ; and they be distant each from other, in brcadch (where the sea runs in bctwccne both lands, so making our bay, and only entrance into our country), as broad as may be bctweenc Qiiinborowgh and Lee. Poiiiicom- When we come in with Cape Hcnrr, we have six, seren, nioniiwa aij,j e3"ht fathomc, to the iwint at the bottomc of the bay fort^. j^jj^ mouthe of King's River, into which all shippes that will eoter, must borrowe soe much of the shoare, as to come within little lease then musquett shott of the point, by reason of the showldcs lying uppon the «othemc shoarc ; by which majt be observed howe convenient aiul necessary a pointe that is for a substanciall furtifieaciou to be raised, to secure all the other forts and townes upon this river from what enemies soever. CAPUT III. I Of tho bogjDQing and origioall of the people ; the great King Puwhataa, his dBHcripUoQ, imJ luilc of bis birthright to tho Knglbh. Pwiwrivi- It were, perhappes, to curious a thing to demand, how these oriKiiMBi. people might come first, and from whome, and whence, to inhabite these so far remote, westerly parts of the world, having no intercourse with Africa, Asia, or Eiu'ope ? And, considering the whole world, eo many yeai-cs {by all kuow- ledg receaved) was supposed to be only eonteyned and dr- curascribed in the discurercd and knowuc travaylod bounds of those thrco, according to that old conclusion in the scholcs : Qiiicquid pratfr Africam et Ettrojtam est, Asia est, — whatso- ever land doth nt-ithcr apperteyae unto ^yhck nor to Kuropc, dm INTO VWODfU. 46 I I I is part of Atm. As ulso to qucatiou how that it should be, tliat they (if descended from the people of the first creation) sho\dd miiiiitaync so gcuerall aiid grosse a defection from the true kuowlcdg of Ciod, with one kind, as it were, of rude and savadge lief, customes, maaners, and religion, it being to he gnKintcd that (with us), infaUahly thcj had one and the same discent aud IjegjTiiunge from the universall deluge, in the scattering of Noiih, his children, and ncjihewcs,' with their &milieii (as Utile colonies), some to one, some to other hordeni of the earth, to dwell ; as in Egypt (so writing Burosus''), Eseniua and his household tooke up their inhabitation ; in Libia and CjTcne, Tritanos ; and Ln all the rest of Africa, Jupctus Priscus ; Attalaas in the east Asia ; Ganges, with some of Comerus Gallus' childrene, in Arabia Felix, within the confines of Sabea, called the frankincense-bearer ; Canaau in Damascus, unto the utmost bounds of Palestine. But it is observed, that Cham* and hia famcly were the only far travellers and straglers into divers and unkiiowue countryes, searching, exploring, and sitting do^vuc in the same; aa also it is said of his £smely, that what countrye soever the childrene of Cham happened to [wssessc, there I>eganne both the ignorannce of true godliness, and a kind of bondage aud slavery to be taxed one upon another ; aud that noe inhabited countries cast forth greater multitudes to range aud stray into divers remote regitjus, then that parte of Arabia in which Cham himself (coustrayncd to flyc, with wief and childrene, by re^iaon of the mocking he had done to ' ft. & grandBoni). ' Borosus, a Chaldioan, astronomer, an J historiaa, aad priest of Belus, lived, it is thought, about the time of Alexander. Some couiidcr llic astXYmoTnor uiifi histin-ian different pi5r«oiis. In 154S, ,\nniu3 of Viltrbo, piihlished a hiatory, in live booke, under the namonf Berosus, the faUily nf trbicli was boqu cU^covcrod. It is from this spurious publication tluit Strachcy derives his learning on the Bubjoct of the dispersion of the des- cendants of Noah. Rce said vrorh, under the diviaion, ' Qonoaloj^ pri- morum ducuiu post diluvium." ' Bud. 46 HisToRiB or nuv&nM his father) tooke into poMes«ion ; so great & misery (saieth Bocm of Auba') brought to mankind the unsatisfied wnnder- ing of that one man ; for, first from him, the ignorance of the true Horuhip of God tooke bc^inninge, the inventions of hcathcuismc, and adoration of falce gods, and tlie dcvill ; for he himself, not ftpplying him to le^me from his father the knowlcdg and presuribcil worsliip uf the otcrnall God, the God of lus fathers; yet, by a fcarefiill and anpcrstitious in- stinct of nature, carrj'ed to ascribe tmto some supematurall power a kind of honour and reverence not divout, to kuowe the essence and quality of that power, taught his iraecessours uewc and demised maimer of God's sacrifices and ceremonies, and which he might the easier impre^se into the chilfb%nc, by reason they ■were carryed wit^ him so yong anaye from the elders, not instructed nor seasoned first in theirc true customcs and religion. Insomuch as then we may conclude that, from Cham and his tookc birth and begiuainge the fii-st univcrsall confusion and diversity which ensewed afterwards throughout the whole worhl, e»peeiidly in diviue and sacred matters; whilst it is said againc of the childrene of Sem and Jnpbet, how they, being taught by their ciders, and content with their ownc lymitts juid confines, not travelling beyond them into new countries, as the other, rctayned still, nntill the comynge of the Messiah, the only knowledge of the ctcr- uall and never- changeable Trinity. By all which, it is very probable, hkewise, that both in the travailes and idolatry of the famcly of Charo, this portion of the world westward from Africa, upon the Atlantique sea, heciime both jieoplcd and instructed in the forme of the pro- phano worsLipj and of au iiulvnowen deity. Nor is yt to be wondered at, where tlic abused Trinity of religion is suffered ' John-nnes Boherahia AubtLnu?, aa tmmed from his birth-place, Anb nr Auw, a town situatud i>u the Gcillnch in Bavarm. Soc bin work 8S tniti!iluli;il hy Luciu Fauuo into Italian, " Oli Costumi, l{) Loggi et Usame di tutto Ic Gcnti." Venice, l&OO. Lib. i, cap, 1. :XTO VIROINEA. 47 I to perish, if men, in Oieir owiie inventions and lives, become so grosse and barbarous, as (by reading the processc of tliis history will hardJy be pcrceaved) what difference maye bo betwcene them and bnite blasts, somctymes worshipping brute beasts, uaic, things more rile, and abhorring the in- bredd motions of natiu^ it aelf, with such headlong and bloudye ceremonies of" ill and act. 13nt how the vagabond race of Cham might discend into this newe world without furniture (as maye be questioned) of shipping, and mcanes to tempt the seas, togither how this great continent, decided from the other tbtee, should become fttoitred with beasts, and some fowle, of ouc and tbc same kind with the other parts, especially with lions, beares, deare, wolves, and guch like, as from the first creation tooke bcgin- ninge in their kiudj and after the generail flood were not anewc created, nor have their begynning or generation (aa some other) ex putredine ei sole, by cormption and heat, let mc rcfcrrc ihc reader to the search of A^osta, in his i. bookc, cap. 20, 21, of liis morrall and natm-all hiatorj' of the West Indies ; who hath so ofQcyonsly laboured herein, as he should but bring owles to Athens, who shonld study for more strayncd or newe authority concerning the same. Thus much, then, niaie, in brief, be said and allowed con- cerning their originall or first begynning in generail, and which maye well reach even downe unto the particular inha- bitants of this particuler region by us discovered, who cannot be any other then parcell of the same and first mankynd. Coucerniug themselves more especyally, and their division, ^Mj as we find them in these provinces where we are, wc maye Jt^i^.^, well say how this tract or portion of land, which we call Vir- "hTtftil?. ginia Britannia, — by the inhabitants, as aforesaid, Iscnacom- niacah, — is governed, in chief, by a great kinge, by them called by sonilry names, according to bis diversi places, qua- £onoui-s by himself obtejiied amongst them, either !our, his government, or some such like goodnes. PnlkaRn, Uiiff,«b«ii twrna and bo* dUoMt- tmaaj iw- nil pn>- *etl»bb Unji-riicbt Bi«lfadi ■BBftUoa. which they axe to Rdmirc and comend to succeeding tymea -with tncmoniblc titles, mnd so comonly they of greatest merritt amongst them nspire to mauy name«. The great cmperour at this time amongst them, we com- ondly call Powhatan, for by that name, true yt is, he was made knowuc imto us when we arrived in the country first, and so, indeed, he was generally called when he was a yong man, &» biking his dcnomiuation irom the country Pouliatan, wherin he was home, which is ahorc the Falls, as before men* tioned, right a\'cr aneiiist the islands, at the head of uur river, and which place, or birth-right of his, he sold, anno 1609, about September^ unto Captain Francys West, otir lord gene- rail's brother, who therefore erected there a fort, eniliiig yt West's Fort, and sate Imuself down there with one hundred and twenty English ; the inhabitants tliemsclres, es]>e^ally his frontier neighbour pniiec, cull him still Powhatan ; his owne people sometimes call him IHtaninck, sometyme Mama* natoM'ick, wliich last signifies "great king"; but his proper right name^ which they salute him with (himself iu presence), is Wahuuitenacawb. Tlie greatncs and boimdea of whose empire, by reason of his powerfulnea and ambition in his youthj hath larger lymitts then ever had any of Lis predicessors iu former t\Tncs, for he seemes to comaund south and north from the Mangoages and Chawonoaks bordering upon Roanoake, and the Old \'irginia, to Tockwogh, a towne pallisadode, standing at the north end of the bay, in forty degrees or thereabouts; south-west to Anoeg (not expressed in the mappe), whoae bowses are built as ourSj ten dales distant from us, from whence those Wcro- auces sent unto him of their comodityes; as Weinock, a ser- vant, in whtKn Powhatan reposed much trust, would toll our elder planters, and could repeat many wordcs of their lan- guage he Iiad learned among them in his yinployinent thither f(Mr his kinge, and wlu-nre he oftpn rcturnedj full of presents, to Powhatan, west to Monahasaanugh, which stands at the INTO VlftGINlA. 49 I I I I foote of the mountaines; nor-wcst to the borders of Massa- womeck and Bocootawwonough, his cnerayea; nor-CR*t and by east to Accohauockj Accowmack, and some other potty nations^ lying on the east side of our hay. He hath divers seates or howse*: his chief, when we came wbiwhow. into the country, was upon Pamunhy River, on the north side fC'tf^' or Pcmhrook side, called Wcrowocomoco, which, by interpre- nMiuTiSed. taciou, signifieM kinges'-Unwse; howiieit, not likiJig to ne^h- bour 80 neere us^ that house being within some fifteen or sis- teen miles where he saw we purposed to hold ourBelvesj, and iimiiiTri from whence, in six or aeven howors, we were iible to visite oirm-i;, np-i his nawuib him, ho removed, aud ever since hath most wiiat kept at a place in the desarta called Orapaks, at the top of the river CliickahamaiuH, betweene Voughtamuud and Powhatan. He i<„«i,«ta„', is a goodly old man, not yet shrincking, thoug^h well beaten ""^^ ""^ with many cold and stonnyc winters, in which he hath bene patient of many ncresnityc8 and attempts of his fortune to make his name and faracly great, lie? is supposed to be little Jesse than ci^rhty yearcs old, 1 dare not sayc how much more ; others aaye he is of a tal! statiire aud cleane lymbes, of a sad aspect, rowiul fatt viaagcd, with gmie haires, but plainc and thin, hanging upou his broad showldcrs; some few linLTCsupoQ Iiis chin, and so on his upper lippe ; he hatli bene a strong and able salvadgc, synowye, aud of a daring spirit, vigilant, ambi- tious, subtile to enlarge his dominions : for, but the coun- trj'es Powhatan, Arriihatock, Appamatnck, Paniiiiky, Yoiight- tunund, and Mattapamicnt, which are said to come unto liim by inhoritance, all the rest of the tenitories before named and expressed in the mappe, and wliich are all adjoyning to that river wbcreon we art) aeated, they report (as is likewise before remembred) to have been cythcrby force subdued unto him, or through fcairc yeildcd : criicU be hath bene, and quar- rellous as well with his owne weroanccs for trilHcs, and tbat to strike a Usrrour and awe into them of hia power and eon- 1 Cbieotnabominia. 50 HlffrOUB OP TKAViULK mi UlbleltM. dicion, OS nlfto with liis neighbours in his yongcr days, though now delighted in sccuii^ and pleasore, and therefore tstanda upon reasonable condicions of peace irith all tlie great and absolute wcroanccs about him, and is likewise more quietly settled amongst his owne. Watchfull he ia over us, and kcepea good espyall upon our proceedings, concerning which he hath his sentinells^ that at what t^Tue soever any of our boats, piuacies, or shtppes, come in, fall downe, or make up the river, give the alarum, oud take it quickly one fi^m the other, untill it reach and come even to the court or hunting bowse, wheresoever be and his ero- noccocs, that is, councellours, and priests are, and then he calls to adinsc, and gives out dircccions what is to be done, as more fearing then harmed, at any tVTne, with the danger and mis- chief which he saith we intend unto him, by taking awaye his land from him and conspiring to surprize him, which M-e never yet ymngiued nor attempted, and yet, albeit, the con- ceipt of as much strongly possesaeth liim : he doth often send unto us to tenipurize with us, awarting perhapjis a fit oppor- tunity (inflamed by his furious and bloody priests) to offer us a tast of the same cuppe which he made our poore country- men drinck of at Ronoak,' not yet seeming willing to hold any open quarrell or hostilitj- -with us ; but in all ad\'imtages wliich he sometymes takes against our credulous and beguiled people, he hath yet alwaics ao carrii'il as, uppon our complaint to him, yt is rather hiycd uppoQ some of liis worst and im- ruly people of which he tells us ; even our King James (coramaunding so many divers men) must have some irrcgu- ler and unruly people, or ells uppon some riests. At the four corners of tliis howse stand four images, not aa Atlants or Tclamoucs, supporters to beare up J INTO VIIIOIMA. 66 pillera, pasta, or somewhat clla iu tlie stutely biiilHlng ; nor, as in the aoncicnt tymes, the imagca and pcdegrces of the whole stock or family were wont to be sett in portches or the first entrance into howses, witli a porter of spccyall trust, who had the chardgc of keeping and looking nnto them, called Atricuses ; but these are tnecrely sett as carefiill seutinclls (for sooth) to ilefcud aud protect the bowse (for soc they be- lieve of them) ; one is like a dragon ; atiother like a heare ; the third like a leopard ; and the fourth a giant-like man, all made erill favoured ynough according to their best workman- shippc. CAPUT IV. A catalogue of tlio Hurcrall ncroEinceB' namoB, wjtli tlic niuiio of tl^o pnrti' culcr prcviucu wli&rciii they govern, tos-ithcr witli what Ibrecs for the preeeot they axe ablo to furaish thcic groat klogi Powhatan, in bis nam. The great king Powhatan hath devided his countr^y into many provinces or ahiera (as yt were), and over every one placed a severall absolute wernance or comannder, to liira contribntary to governe the people, tber to iuhabite ; and his petty weroances, in all, may be in number about three or fower and thirty, all which have theire precincts and bowodes, proper and comodiously niipointed out, that no one intrude uppon the other of severall forces ; and for the ground wherein each one aoweth his conic, plantc hia apoke^ and gardeiuc fniicts, he tithes to the great king of all the comodityes growing iu the same, or of wlmt ells hia shiere biings forth apperteyning to the lands or rivers, come, beasts, pcrlc, fowlc, fish, hides, forrs, copper, beades^ by what meanes soever ob- teyncd, a peremptory rate sett downc as slial be mencioned iu the sixth clmpter ; nor have I thought yt altogether amissc * t, 4. tolnLCco. ^cc glossttrjr tU thd end of (bis volumo. Tliocouniry ilrvlilril iiilu shjTi-?v, nnd n viftu. Ktmiv Of Inril ](>i>VFrn- ln» in witTJ thfTK. fie niSTOniE OP TOAVAILK to remember here, and offer to consideracton (for all af^er occaflons), a catlioIog:uc of jhe several weroances* oamee, with thedcnominstyonofthcpHrticulcr shier (as aforesaid) wherciu they govemc togithcr, with what forces, for the present, they are able to send iiiito tlio warra. Upon Powhatan, or thu Ktuf^s river, are seated aa followcth : — 1. Parahunt, oue of Powhatan's soniie*, whoine we there- fore call Tfiii\|)uwBtan, whieh is as much to say Little Pow- hatan, and is wcroance of the country which hath Ma owne name, cidlcd Powhatan, lying (as before mcncioncd) close under the Falls, bordering the Monacans, and he maye at the present he furnished with fifty fighting and ready men. 2. Aslnianuid, weruaiicc of Arrohateck, sixty men. 3. Coquonasum.weroanceof Appamatiick,ouchnndred men. 4. Opussoqiiionnske, sister to Coquonnsiinij a weroancqua, or qiieeue cf ii little muscaram or small village of Apjtama- tuck, not unlike an ancyent Episcata Villatica,' and she was of power to have spared, iippon comaundj some twenty able fighting men. Ilowbeyt, her towne we botrnt, and killed ftome of her people, herself miscarieng with small shott itti pursuit in the woods in wjTitcr IfilO, for a treacherous maa- aacre wlneh slic practized upon fourteen of our men, whome she caused her people to invite up into her towne, to feast and make merry, entreating omr men before hand to leave their armea in their boate, because they said how their women would be afrayd ells of their peeces. 5. Kaquothocun, weroancc of Wcanock, one hundred men. G. OhoTnsCj quecne of Coiacohanauke, which we ccmionly (though corruptly) call Tapalianock, and ia the same which Captain Smith, in his mappe, calls Quiyoughcohauock, on the south shoare, or Salisbury sydc, whoae sonnc, being yet younge, shal he, by Powhatan's appointment, weroance of the said Quiyoughcohanock : his name is Tataiicoope. Tlie wero- ' This (to tho editor uninteUigible) wonJ is rcpcRtcd in the duplicate copy of thu MS. in tiiu AstiQt»lou.[i uiiuieiuu at Oxford. ance Pepiscummah (whome hy constructiuu as well the In- dians aa we call Pipisco) was somtyme possessed in right of thia part, as by birth aud possession disccudcd iiic true and laiWull weroance of the same, but npon a flispleAsure which Powhatan couceavod ag:ainst liim, in that tho said Pipisco, and that not many ycarca »ynce, had stollcn away a chief woman from Opcchankeno (one of Powhntaii'a brothers), he was deposed from that regiment, and the aforesaid Tatacope (a supposed sonue of Powhatan's, by lids said Queene Oho- laac) made weroance, who, being yet yonng (as is said), is for the most part in the govemcment of Chapoke, at Cha* wopo, one of Pipiscoe's brotLers ; yet is Pipiaco suffered to retaine in this his country a little small kaaaun, or village, Tippou the rivadge of the strrsame, with some few people about him, keeping the said woman still, whome \ia makes Ins best beloved, luul »he travells with him upon any remove, in hunt- I ing tyme^ or in his \isitaciou of us, hy which meanes, twice or thrice in a sommer, she liath eome unto our towne ; nor is »80 hnudsomc a savadgc woman aa I have seene amongst them, yet, with a kind of pride, can take upon her a ahewe of great- nes ; for we have seene her forbeare to come out of her quin- tan or boat througli the water, as tlic other, both mayds and married woraL'u, usually doc, unk's she were earryed forth betwcenc two of her scnants. I was once early at her howse (yt being sommer tyme), when she was layed without dores, under the shadowe of a bi-oad-lcaved tree, upon a pallett of ofiierSj spred over witli four or five iyne gi-ey matts, herself covered with a faire white drest deare skyniie or two; and when she rose, she had a mayd who feteht her a frontall of white currall, and pendants of great but imperfect coulonred and worse drilled pcarlcs, which she put into her etircs, and ft charne, with long lyncka of copper, which they call Ta- poantamiuais, and which eamc twiec or tlnicc about her neck, and they accompt a jolly onnimcut ; aud aiu'c thus attired, with some variety of feathers and flowers stuck in their Ikaires, T II J 58 HISTORIK OP TUA.VATLK they Heeme aa drbonaire, qiiaynt, ftiitl well pleased na (I n n (laughter of the howse of Austria bchune'^ with all her Jewells; likewise her mnytl fetcht her a raautell, which they call puttawusj which is like n aide cloakc, made of blew feathers, 80 artcficyally and thick sowed togither, that it seemed like a deepe piirjile satten, and is very smooth and sleeke ; and after she brought her water for her hands, ami then a braunch or twoo of fresh greene asaheu lenvea, as for a towell tu dry them. I ofTeud in this digression the willinger, since these were ceremonyea which I did httle looke for, carrying so much |>re«eutcraent of civility, and which ai-c not ordinarily ]Ma"- fourmed to any other amongst them, and the Quiyoughco- hanooke may be able to make for the wars sixty fighting mcu. 8. Tackonckintaco, an eld weroance of Warraskoyack, whonie Captain New|)ort hroiight priaouer with his KOiine Tangoit, about "* ICIO, to our lord gcnerall, lying then at Point Comfort, and whomc agaiiie his lordship released upon promises and a solkmne contract, made by the old man, to exchange with his lordship, after he should have gathered in his harvest, in August following, five hiiudred bushells of whcate, beanes, and pease, for copper, beades, and hatchctts ; and for the better coulour (carrying away his sonne) and left a nephew [aa he said) of his with his lord! A BtniUar gap ta tho urigiual MS. eo His-roaiB or tbavailk bow!)c), and Powell runing uppou him, thrust him twice through the body with lui arming sword ; howbcit, liis people Cfunc in soc fast, and shuat their arrowcs »o thick, ns our men being unarmed [in their dublcts and hose only] and without peict'S, were faiuc to retire whilst the Indiana recovered the weroance'u body, and carried yt awaye with a miglitye quick- uea and speed of foot^ and with a horrible yell and howling; howbeit, the buetenant of the blockbowse, one Puttock, fol- lowed hard and overreached one of the cronockoes.or cliief men, and, closing with him, overthrew him, and, with his dagger, sent him to accompaiiyc his roaster in tlie other world ; and the Paspaheghes may make in uomber for the warrs, forty. I'i. pQchins, one of Powhatan's sonns at Keconglitan, and was the young wcroancc there at tlic same tymc when Sir Thomas Gates, liueteiiant-general, took possession of yt. Yt i» an ample and faire couatric indeed, an ndinirable porcion of land, comparatively high, whol some, and fruictfiill ; the seat sometyme of a thowsand ludiiius and tlu't'c bundred Indian bowses, and those Indians, as it may well appeare, biittcr husbands' then in any parte ells that we have observed, wbicli is the reason that so much ground h there cUered and opened, enough, with little labour, alreddy prepared, to re- ccave come, or make viaiards of twoo or tbrco thowsand acres ; and where, beside, we find many fi'uiet-trees, a kind of goosbfry, cherries, and other plomhes, the raarieock^ aple, and many prettic copsies or boskea (as it wecrc) of mulbcrye trees, and is [indeed) a delicate and necessary seat foracitty or chief fortificacion, being so neere (within three miles by water) the mouth of our bay, and is well appointed atitt scat for one of our chiefs comauuders, since Point Comfort being ^ i*.«. husbaudmen. * The laaracoL-k U the paseii^ii flower, wbiulu tUough it bt-ars no fruit in thia irouutrj, liocs w in tliw Wcat Indies. The fruit b of the i'iJx and colour tf a pomogiimato. See «ji|«uiiiK Lo Genu-Js llcrbRl. (out of all dispute} to bu furtuficd to secure ourtowiics above, to kcepe open the mouth of oiir river, hy which our shippingc niaye be Ictt in, yt will require the faitli and judgement of a worthy comaunder to be there alwaycs present ; besides, there ■wil be good Hshing, and upon one of the Capes muie be placed a garrison to attend the fiimasses and boyling potts for the mnking of salt, wbicb without question there (as in the Ber- mudas) maye be made for ail occasions to serve the colony, and tbc fisldiige voyages far the aamo likewise upon Point Comfort. A great quantity of one kind of silke grasse growcs there, as yet disorderly, wliich, having the grownd prepared and fitted for yt, would retribute a comodytie worthic the paines, yf not going beyond the expcctacionof the good which is hooped of yt. Our lord general! and liuetenant general] have erected here two forts, as ia before remcmbred, the one called Fort Henry, the other Chai-les Fort, as t!ie river which runs in and serves both his lordship hath called Southampton river. TTppou the death of an old weroancc of this place, some 6fteen or sixteen ycares since (being too powcrfull ueighbours to side the great Powhatan], yt is said Powhatan, taking the advantage^ subtilly stepped in and conquered the people, killing the chief and most of them, and the reserved lie transported over the nver, crjii'tely chauuging their seat nod quartering them amongst bis owne people, uutill nuwe at length the rcmajmo of those living have with much suit obteyned of liim Payankatanck, which he not long since (as you have heard likewise) dispeopled. They might have made of able men for the warrs, thirty. 15, Upon the river of Chickahamania, sonic eight or twelve rades ftora Jamestowne, which falls from the north side unlo our Kin^s river the Chccbahnmias, being a warlike and free people; albeit, they paye certaine duyties to Powhatan, and for copper wil be waged to serve and help him in his warrs, yet they will not admitt of any wci-oancc* from liim to go- vcroo over thcni^ but suffer themselves to be regulated and 62 """»'« OP TKAVAltF. 16. OpcclmiLclECuo, 17. Kcqtiotangh, 18. Taugliaitou, guided by their priests, with tbo assistauce of their elders, whomo they call CawCAvwassoughcs, and they may make ttiruv Iiuudred mcu. Upon Panunky or the Prinre'* River. all three PowTiatau's hrethrene, and are the triumviri, as yt were, or three kings of B coiintrj' called 0|>echaiie- Itcno, upon the head of Pauunky river, and these may make three hun- dred men. 19. Ottahotin, weroauce of Kiakiaek, fifty. At Wcrowaeoraoctj, Powliatiin himself liath a principaJl re* sidencc, and there maye he of able men, forty. 20. Ohonnanio, weroance of Cantaunkack, one handred. 21. Ottondcocommoc, weroance of Mummapacnne, on^ hundred. 22. Eiisenataugh, weroance of Patannck, one hundred. 23. Vropaack, weroance of Ochahannanke, forty. 24. Kcyghanghton, wtToauce of Ciu^sapecoek, one hundred. 25. Weyamat, weroance of Kaposecockej four hundred. 26. Attasquintan, weroance of Paniareke, four himdred. 27. Nansuapunck, weroance of Shamapa, one hundred. 28. At Orapaks, Powhatan himself comauuda with fifty. 29. Opopoheimiuuck, weroance of Chcpccbo, three huu- dred. 80. Attossomunck, a Taux weroance of Paraeonos, ten. 31. Pomiacatuck, weroance of Youghtamund, seventy. 32. Werawoiigh, weroance of Mattapanient, one huiidred and forty. And thus yt may appeare, howo they arc a people whd have their soTcrall divisions, provinces, and princes to live in,^ aad to comaund over, and to differ likewise (as amongst ChristiauB) both in stature, language, and condieionj some^ heing groat people, as the Susqucsahaiioughs j Kome very Utle,l as the Wighcoconiocos; some speaking, likewise, more arti-J iSTo TnioraiA. 63 dilate and plaine^ and some more inward oud hoUowe, as ya before remembred; some curteons and more civile; othera crucll wid bloudy ; Powhatan having large territorycs and many petty kings under him, &s some bave fewer. CAPUT V. Li« deBcription of tlie people, of their culloiir, attiie^ ornaments, con- eti tut ions, dispositions, etc. Thet are generally of a cnlloiir browno or ratlicr tawny, which ^f^J„, they cast themselves into with a kind of arscnick stone, like red patise or orpement, or rather red tempered oyntments of earth, and the juyce of certaine scrused rootes, when they come unto certaine yeares, and this they doe (keeping them- aelvcs still so smudged and besnicered) eytber for the cus- tome of the countryc, or the better to defend them (since they goe most what naked) from the stinging of miiskitoes, kinds of flies or biting gnatts, such as the Greekes called scynipes, as yet in gi-cat swannes witliin the arcbes,^ and which htK-re breed aboundantiy amongst the marish whorts and fennc bciTics, and of the same hue are their women j howbeit, yt is supposed neither of thera naturally borne so discoulonrcd ; for Captain Smith (lyving somtymcs amongst thera) affinneth how they are from the womb indifferent .white, but as tbe men, so doe the women, dye and dit-guise themselves into this tawny cowler, esteeming yt the hest bcanty to be neerest such a kyud of mm-rey as a sodden quince is of (to liken yt to the nccrest co^lIo^ I can), for which they daily anoint both face and bodyes all over with such a kind of fucua^ or unguent as can cast them into that staync, as 16 said of the Greek women how they coulored their faces 1 The sailors' terra for the Arcliijitlngo. - Lai. a reti dji-o, genovally iinJerjitfjcul for alliancl, or rouge 6t 11ISTORIR OP TBAVAfl.E r with certain rootes ca]|ed Brenthina,' and as the Britarnes died themselves red with woad ;' howbeit, he or she that hntli obtcyned the perfcctcst art iu the tcinpcriug of tliia coUour with any better kind of earth, yearb, or rootj preserves yt not yet so secrctt and prutious unto her self as doe our great ladycs their oyle of talchura/ or other painting white and redd, but they frindly comunicate the secret, and teach yt one another; after their anoynting (which is daylie) they dry in the sun, and thert^by raako tlicir skynns (besides the coulor) more black and spotted, which the sun kissing oft and hard, adds to their painting the more rough and rugged. Their heads and shouhltirs they paint oftcnncst, and those red, with the roote pochonc/ brayed to powder, mlxecl with oyle of the walnntt, or bear's grease; this they hold in som- racr doth check the heat, and iu winter armea them in some measure against the cold. Manie other formes of payntings they use ; but he is the most gallant who is the most mon- strous and uglic to behold. ou-li'^n.^T''*' Tlieir hairc is black, grossc, long, and thick; the men have no bcardca ; their noses are broad, flatt, and full at the end, great bigg lippes, and wj^de mouthes, yet nothing so unsightly as the Muorcs; they arc generally tall of stature, and streightj, of comely proportion, and the women have handsome lymbcs, sclender arnies, and pretty hands, and when they sing they have a pleasaimt tange in their voices. For their npparrell they are somotymes covered with the LfonliM. Thnii ^ The oJitor has only met with the wnrd in this fomi in Hcaychiug. It is GTideulIy derived £roni Gpiv9wv, of which Julius Pollux upeoJia, in his " Onomasticon", lib, vi, mp. 19, as one of the fivpa coming from Ljdia. s The dye of woad h not rod, Imt blitii. 8 Talc itself eiiiera largely into the coTnpositloa of rouge; but the 80 called "oil of talc" waa produced by disaolviug flowers of Kinc in vinic^r, and v»B formerly extolled as posaesHiag vast power iu mnny tinaginary operatioDs, aod amcngHt tha rest, of being a sovereign reinvdj for all disQOBeB. * Sec dictionary at thfl end of this volume. i'Ti.m Tn I'nj. INTO YIROIXIA. 66 I I I skTzms of wyld beasts, which in winter arc dressed with the hairc, but in the sommer without, the better aort use large mantells of deeresi' skjTUis, not much differing from the Irish falings,' some embroidered with white })ead8^ some with copper, other painted after their manner^ but tlie eoinmon sort have scarse wherewithal! to cover their uakcdnes, bnfc Htick long blades of grasse, the leaves of trees, or such like, under broad haudricks of leather, which covers them behind and before. The better sort of women cover themselves (for the most part) all over with skin mantells, finely drcat, shagged and fringed at the skyrt, carved and couloured with some pretty vork, or the proportion of beasts, fbwle, tortayaes, or other such like imagry, as shall "best please or expresse the fancy of the wearer; their younger women goe not Hhnduwcd amongst their owne companie until they be nigli eleaven or twelve returnea of the loai'e old (for soe thi-y accompt and bring about the ycai-e, calling the fall of the leaie taquitock) ; nor are tliey much nshamod thereof, and therefore woiUd the before remembered Pochahuntas, a well featured, but wan- ton yong girle, Powhatan's daughter, sometj-mes resorting to our fort, of the age then of eleven or twelve yeares, get the boyos forth with her into the markett plnce, and make them wheele, falling on their hands, turning up their heclcs upwiirds, whome she would fidlowe and wheele so her self, naked as she was, all the fort over ; but being once twelve yeares, they put on a kind of eemecinctum lethem apron (aa doe OIK" artificers or bamlycrafts men) before their bellies, and arc very shamefac't to be scene bare. We have scene some use mantells made both of Tin-key feathers and other fowle, 80 prettily wrought and woven with threeds, that no- thing conld be discerned but the feathers, which were ex- ceeding warmo and vci'y handsome. Nada nmlier erat jmlcht'a (saith Plautua) quam purpuratu pukiirior? indeed the or- 1 Fnllning or falluing, CelUc for a cloak or tnantlo. i/ A difi^reuoe In lliIV llDT- iciciiU dI'Ujo b-;tl«i Burl Ol WflUIBMl. 66 UIOTOUIB or TRAVAILE TiMk nament of that aexc, vho receave an addition of delicacy by tlicir garmeuts. Truo ^*i w nometymcs in cold ntnthcr, ori when tbcy goe a bwntinp, or seeking the fruits of the woods, or gathering hcnls for their matts, both men mid women (to defend them from the bushes and shrubs] put on a kynd leather breccheti and Htockings, all fastened togither^ madel of decre skyuns, wbicli tlicy tye and wrappe about the Ioyne9|,J after the ikshiuu of the Turkcs^or Iria h trou sea. They adome themselves most with copper beades and [Miiiitiiifcs. Of the men, there be some wlim- will paiut their boflyca black, and some yellowc, and being oylrd over, they will Ktickc therein tho soft downe of snudry couloured birdes of blew birds, white heme shewcs, and the feathers of th( carnation birde, which they call Asbshawcutteisj as if so man] variety of laee.f were tititdiod to their iskinns, wliieli makes wondrous shew; then, being angry and prepared to figh^!' paint and cro.sse their foreheadds, cheekes, aud the right side of their hc«dc8 divcrsly, cither with terra siffiUata or withj their roote pocbone. The women have their armes, breasts^ thighes, shoulders, and faces, cwniiigly ymbrodered with divers workes, for pounc- ing or searing their skyns with a kind of instrument heated in the tier. Tliey figure tberiu flowers and fruits of sondiy Ihrcly kinds, as also snakes, serpents, cftes, &c., and this they doe by dropping uppon the seared flesli sondry coulers, which, ruVd into the stampe, will never be taken awaye agaj'ne, because yt will not only be dryed into the tlesh, but growe therein. The men shave their haire on the right side very close keeping a ridge comonly on the toppo or crowne like a coX'< comb ; for their women, with two shells, wiU grate away ths haire into any fashion they please. On the left aide thej wcare theire haire at full length, with a lock of an ell long^ which they amioiut often with walnut oyle, whereby it is ver slcekc, and shynes hke a raven's winge. Som^etymes thej INTO VIBOINIA. er I I tye up their lock with an arteficyall and well-laboured knott (just in the same fashion as 1 have scene the Carrazzais' of Scio and Pcra), stuck with many coulored gew-gnwcs, as the cast-head or brow-antle of a deare, the hand of tlicir cncmic djTcd, croiBctts of bright and shyning coiiper, like the newe moone. IVIany weare the whole skyne of n hauke stnifed with the mags abroad, and buzzards' or other fowlcs' whole wings, ami to the feathers they will fjisteu a little rattle, about the bignes of the chape* of a rapici*, which they take from the taylc of a snake^ and sometymes divers kinds of shells, hanging loose by small purfleets or tlu'eeds, that, being shaken jis they move, they might make a certainc murmuring or whisteling noise by gathering wynd, in which they seeme to take great jollity, and hold yt a kind of bravery. Their eares they boare with wyde holes, comonly two or Their three, and in the same they doe hang chaincs of stayned pearle braceletts, of white bone or sKreeds of copper, beaten thinuc and bright, and wound up hoUowe, and with a grcate pride, certainc fowles' leggs, eagles, hawkes, turkeys, etc., with beasts* clawes, bearcs, arrahacounes, squirreUa, etc. The ^ clawes thrust through they let hang upon the checUc to the - full view, and some of their men there be who will weare in these holes a small greenc and yellow -co nloiu*ed live emikc, neerc half a yard in length, which crawling and lapping him- self about his neck oftentvraes familiarly, he suffereth to kisse hia lippc3. Others weare a dead ratt tyed by the taylc, and 8uch like conundrums. The women are in themselves so modest as in the tyme of Thou their sickncs they have great care to be secnc abroad, at what ""'""I'* tyme they goe apart, and keepe from the men in a several! roome, which tlioy liave for themsclvee as a kynd of gynaj- ' H« probklilj meanji sop^raai, or, mor« comiittly, xojjqrauLf, Romaic , , . , nisb, the gte Ute eai} of iha (juablmn] otR bwurd. for "girla". ' tVom "chapn,"', Spanish, the gtec] or silver tip or case tbatatrcagtlicns 68 HISTMHlIf aV TIUVAILS 'U-. ^ ceum, nor will the men, at such a tyme, pre«fte into the nnr- cery where they are, Tlie men are very strong, of able bodyes, and fiill of agility, accustoming thcmselvtw to endure harducsj to lye in the woods, imdcr a tree, by a small fier, in the worst of wynter, in &Dst and snowc, or in the weeda and grasse, as in ambiu- c«clo, to accomplish their piu^iosea in tJie aomjmer. They ai'c inconstant in everything but what feare con- straincth them to kccpe ; crafty, tymerous, quick of appre- hension, ingcnioua enough in their owne workes, as maye testilie their wcares in which they take their fish, which are certaine iuclosurea made of reedes, and iramed in the {aahioa of a laborinlh or maze sett a fathomc dccpe in the water, with divers chambers or bedds, out of which the entangled fish caiiuot returuc or gett out, being once in. Well maye a great one, by chauncc, brenkc the rcedea and so escape, other- wise he remaines a pray to the fishermen the next lowe water, which they fish with a nctt at the end of a pole, as likewise maye speake for them their netts, their arteficyall dressing of leather, theiro cordage, which they make of their naturall hcmpc and flax togithcr, with their cuning dressing of that, ami preserving the whole yeare great htches or bundella of the same, to be used upon any oecasyou, and of their girdles which they make of ailke grasse, much Uke St. Frauucjs cot- don,' their cloaks of feathers, then- bowes and bow-striugs, thuir arrowca, their crownetta, which their weroances vearc, mikI their ciueene's/twa'af crinales^ borders or frontalis of white hemlcs, curridl and copper ; cspccyally their boats, which they call qniutaus, and fire very shapcfull, made of one piece of timber, like the uxmcycnt mtmoa^iflnm nar'tgium,^ tlieire matta and all their honshold implements, and such like. J The girdle tiied bj the monks of the Franciscan order ic of twutod cord, and knotted. ' MiPcuft'Aa ■rr\o!a, voaselt hoUowutl oilI uf uiie piucQ of Wood oro meo- by Xetophoii, Uippocratee, Ariatotlo, ami I'oljliius. I INTO VIRGINIA. W Some of tbcm are of disposition fearefuU (as T said) and not easily wrought, therefore, to troat ua or come unto our forts ; others, againo, of them are so bold and aiidacyous, as tlicy dare come unto oiir forts, truck and trade with us, and looke us in the face, crying all freinds when they have but new done us a mischief, and when they intend presently agnine, yf it lye in their power, to doe the like. They arc \ generally covetous of oiu- comodityes, as copper, white beades for their women, hatchetts, of winch we make them pitore ones, of iron howes to pare their come grownd, knives, and sach like. They are soone moved to anger, and bo raalitious that they scldome forgett an injury; they are very thievish, and will an dosely aa they can convey any thing away from us ; howe- be yt, they seldome steale one from another, lest their con- nivres should rcvelo }% and so they be pursued and pimished. That they arc thus feared yt ia certaine, nor lett any man doubt that the divell cannot reveile an offence actually co- mittcd. I CAPUT \^. manner of ihv Virgimiin goTeTument, thioii towaea, tbab bowses, dyett, fowling, ami bTontJug, tlioir guming, mnaiquc, dnuncing. Ai.THODGii the cnnntry people are very barbarous, yet have they amongst them such govcmcment as that their magis- trates for good comauuding, and their people for due subjec- tion and obeying, exccll ninny places that woidd be counted civill. The forme of their comon wealth, by what hath already bene declareil, you maye weU gather to be a mouarcall go- vemement, where one as emperonr ruleth over many kings ; their chief ruler bkcwisc for the prescnte you have heard before how named, and from whence ; as also jou heard the ■ nomber of his weroancea, their forces, and his owne discrip- 70 UISTOUE or TKAVIIUB "s. tion ; you (ilinll nowe understand how hia kingdomR deaoend- cth not to his spans or cliildren, but first tu his brethi whereof he hath (as you have heard) three, and after their' decease, to bis sisters ; first to his eldest sister, then to the, rcat, and after them to the heirca-male and female of eldest sister, but never to the heires-malc. He nor auy of his |U'0]>lc tinderstand liow to exprcsse their mynd» by any kyuds of letters, to wrjte or rcade, in barkea of trees, or any other kyrid of waye, which nocessitye or in- vention might have instrueted ihcm in, as do other barba- nans, aud some even iu these new discoveries; nor have they poMitive lawes, only the lawe whereby he ruleth ia custome; yet when he pleaseth, his will in a lawe, and mnst be obejed, not only as a kinp, but as half a god, his people esteeme him BOO ; his infcriour kiu^s are tyed likewise to rule by like cus- tomes, and have permitted them power of life and death over thcire people, as thcirc comaund in that nature. Theire habitations or townes are for the moat part by the' rivers, or not far distant from fresh springs, comonly npou a rice of a hiU, that they may overlooke the river, and ti every small thing into view which sturra upon the same. Their Uowscs arc not mauy in one towne, and those that are stand dissitc' and scattered without forme of a street, farr Bud wyde asunder. As for their bowses, who knoweth one of them knowctV them all, even the chief kyug^s Itouse j-t selfe, for they be all^ alike bulldcd one to the other. They aro like garden arbours at best like oiu: sheppards' cotages, made yet handsomclj enough, though without strength or gaynR9[sj, of snch yong' plants aa they can pluck up, bow, and make the gi-eene toppcs meete togithcr, in fasliion of a round roofe, whicli they thatch with matts throwne over. The walles are made of, barkcs of trees, but then those be principal! bowses, for so many barkee which goe to the making up of a bowse are long * Ijispeivcil. INTO TlRcraiA. n I tjrme of purchasiug. In the midst of the howsc there is a louer,' out of which tlie smoake isaueth, the fier being kept right iinder. Every boiisu comonly Lath twoo (lores, one before and a fiostcmc. The doores be bung with matts, uever locked nor bolted, hut only those siatta be to tnme upp, or lett fjill at pleasure ; and their bowses arc so ronionly placed nnilcr covert of trees, that the violence of fowle weather, snowe, or raine, cannot assalt tliem, nor the ann in somnier anuoyc them; and the roofc being covered, as I say.tbe wynd is easily kept out, insomuch as they are aa warme as stoves, albeit very smoakyc. Wyndowes they have none, but the light comes in at the doore and at the louer ; for should they have broad and open wyndowea in the quarters of their bowses, they know not well how, upon any occasion, to make them close and let in the light too, for glasse they knowe not (though the country wants not salsodiack enough to make glosse of, and of which we liave made some stoore in a goodly bowse sett up for the same purpose, witli all offices and fur- nasGH thereto belonging, a litle without the island, where James town stands) ; nor have they lynnen cloth, (albeit they want not neither naturally the materyalls for that,) paper, or such like, to dipe in oyle, to conveye in as a diapbaenick body the light, or to keepe out the weather. By thcire howscs they have sometynies a scsena, or bigh stage, raised like a scjilTold, of small spelts, reedes, or dried osiers, covered with matts, whicb both gives a shadowe and is a shelter, and flerves for such a covered place whore men used in old tymc to sitt and talkc for recreation or pleasure, which they called prastega, and where, on a loft of hui'dclls, tbey laye forth their come and fish to dry. They eate, slccpc, and dresse theire meate all tmdcr one roofc, and in one chamber, as it were. Rownd about the house on both sides are theire bedstedes, ' Liiidbier, Celtic for a cliiiiinoy or vont, the pronunciation of whivh aotn«wliR.t roHi2uibIu)t thu English iirutuiiiciatiuu of "louer^', or "looer". 72 BOraOEU OP THAVAIIB t *•&/ '>«/ li Wl vliich are thick short poata stalkt into the grotmd, a foot high aud aoiiiowlmt more, aud for the sydes ^inall poles laycd nloiifr, witli a liurtUe of reeds cast over, wlicreiu they rowle downe a fyne n-bite matte or twoo (as for a bedd) when they goo to «leei>c, and the witicl) they rowlo np a^ne in the momiiif? when they rise, as we doe our pidlutts, and upou these, rowTid about tlie how*c, they lye, lie^ils and points, one by the other, especially making a ficr before them in the midst of the how^, as they doe usually every nifi;ht, and some one of them by a^eement mayntcynca the fier for all that night long; some of them, when they lye downc to slccpc, cover tbcm with matts, some with skinns, and some lye stark naked on the grownd, froni j ix to t wentie in a house, as doe the Irish. ^ About their bowses they have commonly square plotta of cleered grownd, which scrvR them for gardens, some one hundred, some two hundred foote s^qnarc, wherein they sowc their tobacco, pumpons, and a fruit like unto a musk millionj but lease and worse, which they call macock gourds, and such likCj which fruicts increase exceedingly, and ripen in the beginning of July, and contyuue nntil September; they plant also the field apple, the maraeock, a wyld fruit Uke a kind of pomcgranctt, which increascth infinitlye, and ripens in August, eontynuing uutill the end of October, when all the other fruiets be gathered, but they sowe nether herb, flower, nor any other kynd of fruict. They neither ympale for deare, nor breed cattell, nor bring up tame poultry, albeit they have great stciorc of turkies, nor kcepe hirdea, sqnirrclls, uoT tame partridges, swan, duck, nor goose. In March and Aprill they live much upon their wceres, and feed on fish, tnrkios, aud aqnirrella, and then, aa also soractymcs in May, they plant their fields aud sett their corne, and live after those monthcs most of acrons, walnutts, chcauutts, cltechinquarnins,' aud fishj but, ^ A kind of grain, floe gloNsary, INTO VlBniNIA. 78 I I to mend their dyett, some disperse themselves in small com- panyes, and live uppon such beasts as they can kyll with their bow and arrowes, upon crabbs, oysters, laiid-tortoyses., Bti-awberrj'ea, mulberries, and such like. In June, Jidy, and August they feed upon rootes of tockobow, berries, grownd nutts, fish, and greeno wlicatc^ ftud sometymc uppon a grcieue serpent, or greene snake, of which our people likewise use / to eate. - -^ It ia stratmg to see how their bodies alter with their dyett ; even as the deare and wild beasts tliey seemo fatt and leime, strong and weake. Powhatan and some others that arc pro- vident, roast their fish aud flesh upon hurdellsj and resen'e of the same untill the scarse tyraes ; eomraonly the fish aud flesh they boylc, either very tenderly, or bruyle yt long ou hurdells over the fier, or ells (after the Spanish fashion) putt yt on a spitt and tume first the one side, then tlie other, till yt be as dry as their jerkin beef in the West Indies, and so they mare Ueepe yt n monetho or more without putrifying ; the broath of fish or flesh they suppc up as ordinarily aa they eat the meate. Their come they eat in the eares greenCj roasted^ and somctyme brusing yt in a morter of wood with a little pestle ; they lap yt in rowlls within the leaves of the come, and so boylc yt for a deyntie ; they also reserve that come late plantctl tliHt will not ripe, by roasting yt in hott ashes, the which in wynter (being boyled with, beaues) they eatcenic for a rare dish, calling yt pauaarawiuena ; their old wheat they firste stecpc a night in hot water, and in the morning pound- ing yt in a morter, they use a smiUl baskett for the boulter or searser,' and when tliey have syfteJ fourth the finest, they poimd againc the great, aud so separating }'t by dashing their hand in the baskett, receave the flower iu a platter of wiiod, which, blending with water, they make into flatt, broad cakes 1 Scone, a Uae sieve iniulcof lawn, etc., from the French "sua" — Builey'!) Dictioiiarj. 74 HISTOIUB OP TJUVAILK (mncb like the flacrificing broul wliich the Grecians ofirr^d to their ^ads, called papanum], anri these they call nppones, irhich covcrinf^ frith ashen till they be halccd (as wan the an- cyent cscharitos' panis raked within the embers), and then washing them in faire water, they let dry with their own heate, or cUb boylc them with water, catiii)^ the broath with the bread, which they call pouepopi. The prowtea and broken pieces of the coriio rcmayiiiiig, they likewise preserve, aiid by fannyug away the hrannc or hushes in a platter or in Uic wynd, they lett bcyle in an e-arthen pott three or four howres, aud therof make a stranng thick pottage, whieli tbcy call VsketohamuD, and is their kind of frumeutry, and indeed is like our kind of ptisane, hiiskcd barley sodden in water. Yt mnye be not much unlike that homely ^tw nigrum, which the LacidemoniaiLS used to cate, and which Dionisius eould not abide to taat of; albeit he brought a cookc from thcnee only to make him that broath, for which the cookc told him he must have a I^accdemoniaii »tom»eh, indeed to cate of tlio Lacedemonian dyett;' and some of them, more thriftye then cleanly, doe burne the coare of the eare to powder, which they call pung-nongli, mingling that in their mcale, "but yt never tasted w£?ll in bread or broath. Their drinck is, as the Tiirkes, cliere water; for albeit tliey have grapes, and those good store, yet they have not &hie upon the use of them, nor adnscd how to presac them into wyne. Peares and apples they liave none to make ayder or perry of, nor honye to make mcath, nor licoris to seeth in their water. They call all things which have a spicy taafc] wiiBBiwan, which leaves a supposition that they maic have gome kind of spice trees, though not perhappa auch as ells- wbere. The men bestow their tymes in fishing, himting, warres, and such manlike exercises, without the dotvH, scominge to » It ahould be Eifx^iiMrijc. '■^- bak&d on th« hearth. ■ Sue Plutarch's \^TnTti^tiifi/tTn KatnaviK^. INTO \1ILGraiA. 75 I I be seeaie in any effemynate labour, which is the cauae that the women be very puufall aud the meu odea idle. Their Sshiiig is much in boats. These they call quintaiia, aa the West Indiana call their canoas. They make them with one tree, by burning and scraping awaye the coales with stones and shells^ tyll they have made them in forme of a trough. Some of them are an ell docpej and forty or 6fty foote in lengthj and some will transport forty men ; bnt the moat ordinary are smaller, and will fenry ten or twenty, with some luggage, over their broadest rivers. Instead of oares, they nse paddles and sticks, which they will rowc faster then we in our barges. They have netts for fishing, for the quantity aa formerly brayed and mashed as out's, and these are made of barkcs of certaine trees, deare synewea, for a kyiid of grasse, which they call pemmcnaw, of wliich their women, betwcene their hands and thighcs, spin a thredd very ercn and rcdily, and this tlireed servcth for many uses, as about their bowsing, their mantells of feathers and their trowses, and they also with yt make lynea for angles. Theire angles are long small rodds, at the end whereof they have a clift to the which the lyne is fastened, and at the lync thej' hang a kuokc, jnsiAv. cj'thcr of a lione grated (as they nock tlieir arrowcs) in the forme of a crooked pynne or fia- hooke, or of the sphnter of a bone, and with a threed of the }yne they tye on the baytc. They use also long arrowes tj'ed in a Une, wherewith they shoote at fish in the rivers. TIiosc of Accowmak uac rtavcg, like unto javeUua, headed with bone ; with these they dart fi»h, swymming in tlie water. They have also many arteficj'all weeres (before described) in which they take aboundaunee of Hshe. In the tvme of their bvmtings, they leave their habitations, and gather themselves into conipanyes, aa doc the T.-irtura, and goe to the moat desart places with their fiunilici^, where they passe the tyme with hunting and fowling up towards 70 nisrroRis of travatlr the mountainfs, by the heads of their mers, wher in deed there is plrmtyc of game, for betwUt the rivers the laud is not «0 large Iwlowe that therein breed uufficyeiit to give them all oontent. Considering, espocyally, how at all t}*mea and sea- •omt they destroy them, yt maye secme a marveyle how they can 90 directly passe and wander in these dcsorttij sonict^nncs three or fewer daycs' joiirnyes, meeting with no babitadons, and, by rcjuton of the wootU, nut Imviug eight of the sun, wlicrby to direct them how to coast yt Theire Imntinge bowses are not tioe laboured, auhstancyail, nor artyficyall as their other, but arc Hlic our soldiers' cabins, the frame sett up in too or three hewers^ cast over head, with matts, which the women beare after them as they carry like- wise conic, acorBcs, mortcrs, and all bag and baggage to use» when they come to the place where they purpose for the tyme to hunt. In the tjTiic of hiuiting cvcrj- man will strive to doe his best to shew his fortime and dexterity, for by their excelling therin they obtoyne the favour of the women. At their bunting in the deaarta they arc comonly two or three hundred togither. With the sun rising they call up ou[e] an- otlier, and goe forth searching after the heard, which when they have found, they environ and circle with many fiers, and betwixt the fiers they place thcmselvea, and there take up their stands, making the most terrible noise that they can. ITie dcjire being thus feared by the fires and their voices, betake them to their heeleSj whome they cliase so long within that circle, that many tyraes they kill aii, eight, ten, or fif- teen in a morning. Tbcy use also to drive them into some narrow point of land, when they find that advantage, and so force them into the river, where with their boats they have ambusoadea to kill them. 'R'licn they have shott a deare by land, they followe him (like bloodhoimds) like the blood and stratiic,' and often tymes ao take him. Ilm-cs, partriges, I Ilunting term. Th« tUw or track of a deer. INTO VIRGINIA. 77 turkeys, fatt or leane^ young or old, in eggs^ in breeding time, or however they devour, at no time sparing any that they can catch iu their power. On[e] saradge himtiug alone iisetli the skyne of a deare slitt in the one side, and so put upon his arme through the neckj in that sort that the hand comes to the head, which is stufTcd, and the homes, head, eyeSj earcs, and cvpry part as nrteficyall counterfeited as they can devise j thus shrowdiug his body iu the skynne, hy stalking he approacheth the dcerc creeping on the ground from one tree to another ; yf the deare chaunce to find fault, or stand at gaze, he tumcth the head with the hand to the best advantage to win his slioot ; having shott him, he chaseth him by his blood and straine till he gett him. In these hunting and fishing exercizes they take extreame paincs, and they being thcii" ordinary liiboura from their in- fancy, they place them amongst their sports and pleasures, and are very prowd to be expert therein, for thereby (as before remembered) they wyn the loves of their women, who wilbe the sooner contented to Hve with sucli a man, by the readynes and fortune of whose how and diligence such provision they per- ceave they :ire likely to he fedd with well, especially of fish and flesh, as the place where they are to dwell can afford ; for (indeed) they be all of them ,hugh caters, and of whome we may saye ^vith Plautus, Noctes diesque eatur, for which wc ourselves doe give unto every Indian that labours with us I in oiu" forts, doble the allowance of one of our owne men ; I and these active hunters, by their eoutiuuall ranging and travell, do know all the advantages and places most fre- quented aud best stored with di^-arc or other beasts, (ish, fowle, roots, fruicts, aud berries. A kynd of exercise they have often amongst them much Uke that which boyes chU baudy' in English, and mayc be I In tho gatno of Ijandy-boll, tlie boll was struck nitb & bat called Inndjr, fti)m itii being bent. K 78 BisTORtE or -nuVAIIJE an auncicDt game, u yt secmcth in Vii^U ; for whca JEneai came into Italy at hiii miirnagu witli Luvinia, King Latiuius:' daughter, yt is said the Troyaus taught the Latins Bcipping and frisking at the bait Likonise they have the exercise uf football, in which they only forccahly encounter vitb the foot to carry the ball the one £rom the other, and spumed yt tu the goalo with a kind uf dexterity ami swift foutinHU- •hij>, which is the honour of yt ; but they never strike up one another's hecles, as we doe, not accompting that praisc- wortliie to piircbaso a gualc by such an advantage. Dice play, or carder, or lotts they knowe not, how be it they use a game upon russhes much like primero,' wherein they card and discard, and la}' a intake too, and so win and loose. Tliey will playe at this for their bowea and arrowes, their copper beaJs, hatchots, and their leather coats. If any great cumaunder arrive at the habitacion of a wero- auncc, ihey spread a matt, as the Turkes do a carpett, for him to sitt uppon ; uppon another right opposite they sitt tliemselves, then doe they all, with a tunable voice of showt- iug, bid Uim welcomej afler this doe twoo or more of the chief men make seTerall orations, testifying their lore, which they doc with such vehemcncy, and so great eamtstiies of passion, that they sweat till tliey droppe, iuid are so out of breath that they can scarae speake, in so much as a stranger would take them to he exceetling angry, or starke mad. After this verball entertaynmeut, they cause such victuall as 1 Primoro ia teckoiiud among tke most anc^icut gamea of cards knowo tQ havo hisea played in fiuglaad. Each yUtyvx, wc art) told, IuhI loux cards d«a]t to hhn one by one ; the seveu was the highest Caid, in point of number, that ho couM ttvail himself of, which counted for tw^enty-^jna ; the six cauDted for sixteen, the fivo for fil'toen, and the ace for the samo; but the twcf, tHtf thruc, and the four for their respective points oalj. Tfae kDave of hearts was coniTnoidy tixcd upon for the ijuinola, which the player might make whal card or suit ho thought proper ; if the cards were of difforcut suits tha highest number wjia the primcro ; if they were uU of one colour, h« that held thorn won the dush. Seu Strutt, takua ti-om the Hon, Daines Barringtoii on cnid-plajing, ArL-haMjlogia, vol. viii. IMTO vmniKiA. 7& thery have or cam provide to be brought forth, with which they feast him fully and freely, and at night they bring him to the lodging appointed fur him, whither, upon their dcpar- turo, they scud a yoiuig woman, fresh payutcd red M-ith pochonc and oyle, to be liis bedfellowe. The void tymo bctwecuc their sleepe and meate they com- monly bestow in revelling, daimcing, and singing, and in their kind of miisiquc, and have sundry instruments for tho same. They ba^e a kynd of cane on which they pipe as on a recorder, and ai-e like the Greeke pipes, which tbcy called hotiihtfces, being bardly to be sounded without ^eat strayn- ing of the breath, upon which they observe certain rude times J but their chief instruments fire rattles made of small gourdes or pompiou shells; of these they Iwive base, tenor, counter tenor, meane, and treble ; these myngled with their voices, sometymes twenty or thirty togither, make such a terrible howling as would rather affright then give pleasure to any mmi. They have likewise their errotica cannina, or amoroos dittyes in their language, some numerous, and some not, which they will sing tunable enough,. Tliry liave contrived a kind of angry song against us, in their homely rjones, which concludeth with a kynd of petition unto their okeus, find to all the host of their idolls, to plague the Tassantasses (for so they call us) and their posterities; as hkewise another Bcorncful song they made of us the last ycare at the falls, in manner of tryumph, at what tyme tliey killed Capt. WilUam "West, our Ijord Geuerall's nephew, and two or three more,! and tookc one Sjnnon Skovc, a naylor, and one Cob, a boy, prisoners. That song goeth thus: — I. MatnuerQw sbashasliowaw orawango pechccoma Vfhc Tassantassft moshaahawjehockaD pocoBnok. Wh* wht, yiili Luha nelie wittowa, nittowa. 1 Tiittir ludian liauie for their gods. 80 IIISTOILIE OP TRATAILB V 8. Motuiorcir shathuhcwaw enw&ngo peoheooma Cnpt Newport inooluuhBW neir mhoc iMtmn matauftn Whc wUe, otc. 3. MsUnvTCff shiuhmsbowBw cnwu^ pecliGOonia Tlioia. ITowport inoibasbAw D<»r lolioc natiut moaoock : Whc who, Ct€. 4. Slitanerew shashuhevnw eraw&ogo pecbecoma l^x:hin Simon motfauhaw ningon tuLti&o monah&cfc, Wbe who, etc. Which mayc signifie how they killed us for all our poccn- •aoks, that is oiir guns, and for all that CH^itaiD Newport brought them copper, and could hurt Thomas Kewport (a boy whoae name in deede was Thomas Savadge, who Captain Newport leaving with Powhatan to leame the language, at what tymc he presented the said Powhntau with a copper crowue, aiid other gifts from his Majeatie, said he was lua Sonne) for aU his mutiachockj that is his briglit sword^ and how they could take Symon (for they aeldome said our sur- name) prisoner for all his tamahanke, that is his hatchet, adding, as for a burden nnto their soug, what lamentation Olur people made when they kild him, namely, saying how tliey would cry whe, whe, etc., which they mockt us for, and cryed againc to us yah, ha, ha, Tcwittawa, Tewittawa; for yt is ti-ue they never bemoane themselves nor ery ont, gyring up so much aa n, groanc for any death, how cruell soever and full of torment. As for their dauuci,aig, the sport seemes mito them, and the use almost aa frequent and necessary as their meat and drynck, in which they consume much tyme, and for which they appoint many and often meetings, and have therefore, as yt were, set orgies or festivaUa for the same pEistyme, as have yet at this daye the merry Greekes within the Arches. At our colonies first sitting downc amongst them, when any of our people repaired to thnir townes, the Indians would not thinck they hiul expressed their welcome sufficyentUe enough untill they had shewed them a dauncCj the manner of whieh < z < I— I n INTO VIKOINIA. 81 I is thua : One of tbem standeth by, with some furre or leather thing in his leaft hand, upon which he beats with his right hand; unci sings with all ns if he began the quier, and kept iiDto the rest their ju:iit tymc, when upon a ccrtninc stroak or more (as upon his cue or tyme to come in) one riaeth up and b<^;yana to dawucc ; after he huLli dauuucd a while stcppa forth another, as if he came in jusl upon his rest ; and in this order all of them, so many a.s there bc^ one after an- other, who then daunce an equall distaunce from each other in ring, showting, howling, and stamping their fcete iigaiaBt the ground with such force and paine that they sweat agayne, and with all variety uf Strang myroick tricks and distorted faces, making so confused a yell and noyac as bo many fran- tiquc aud disquictud bachiinalls, and sure they will keepe stroak just with their feete to the tyme he gives, and just one with another, but with the hands, head, iai.'ie, aud body, every one hath a severall gesture ; and who have scene the darviscH, in their holy daunces, in their moscas, upon IVendae- daycs and PVydayea in Turkey, maye reaemblc these unto them. You shall find the niauner expressed in the figure iu 1 the second Decade, capt. [See print tvface fMs jjai/c]. Every weroance knoweth his owne meoi-es aud lymitts to fish, fowle, or luiut In (as before said), but t!iey hold all ol their great weroance Towhatauj unto whonie they pay eight parts of ten tribute of all the comodities which their country yeldcth, as of wheat, pease, beaues, eight measujes of ten, (and these measured out in litle cades or basketts, which the gi'cat king appoints) of the dying roots, eight measures of ten of all sorta of skyns, and furrs eight of ten ; aud so be robbcs the people, in effect, of all they have, even to the deare'a skyn wherewith they cover tlieui from cold, in bo much as they dare not dresse yt and put yt on untill be have scene yt and refused yt, for what he comaundeth they dare not dis- obey in the lest tbinge. 82 UISTORIE OF TRATAILB CAPUT \TI. Vf Hut religion Amoitgiit the inhahiunts, — their god, Itutir templet, tlieir Dpititoti of th« crcfttion of tho world, kod of the immortalicie of the towlo, of their conjurations mid vacrificiiig of cbildrcn. There is }'et, in Vii^ia, no place discovered to be so savadgc and uimplc, in which tlje inliahitnunts have not h religion and the use of how and arrowcs : fill things they coaccave able to doc them hurt beyond their prevention, they adore with their kind of divine worsliip, m the fier, wuter, light- ning, thunder, oar ordinaunce pieces, horses, etc. ; but their chief god they worship is no other, indeed, then the divcU, whomc tbcy make presentments of, nnd shadow ttndcr the forme of an idoll, which they entitle Okens, and whome they worship, as the Romans did their hurtfull god Vtjovis, more for feare of hanui; then for hope of any good ; they saie tiiey have conference with him, and fashion themselves in their disgnismenta as neere to his shape as they can imagjTi. In every territory of a weroance is a temple and a priest, pcradveutui'e two or three; \'et happie doth that weroance apcompt himself who can detayne with him a Uuiyoughqui- sock, of the best, grave, lucky, well instructed iu their raia- terycs, and beloved of tlieir god ; and such a one ia noe lease honoured then, was Dianac's priest at Ephcaus, for wlioiue tbcy have their more private temples, with oratories and cliHuncells therein, accorcUng an is the digtiity and reverence of the Quiyoughqiiiaock, which the weroance wilbe at charge to build upon purpose, sometyrae twenty foote broad and a hundred in length, fashioned arbour wyse after their buyld- ing, having comonly the (lore opening into the east, and at the west end a spence or chaunceE from the body of the temple^ witb hollow wyndings and pillers, whereon stand divers black imagies, fashioned to the tihoulders, with their faces looking downe the church, and where within their wero- i INTO VIRCINIA. 83 I \ aiices, upon ii kiud of bcere of rcedcs, lye buryed ; unci under them, apartj in a va\ilt lov in the ground (as a more secrctt thing), vftiled with a matt, aitta their Okous, oil image ill- favoiiredly carved, idl black di'cssed, with chaynes of perle, the presentment and figure of that god (say the priests imto the laity, and who religiously bcUeve what the priests saic) irhich doth them all the harrae they suffer, be yt in their bodies or goods, within doores or abruadj and true yt is many of them are divcra tymes (espeeyally offenders) slirewdly scratched as they walke alone in the woods, yt may well he hy the subtyle spirit, the malitions enemy to maukintl, whomc, therefore, to pacefie, and worke to doe them good (at leaat no harme) the priests tell them they must do these and these sacrifices unto [them], of these and these things, and thus and thus often, by which meanes not only their owne children, but strauiigers, are somclLmes sacrificed unto him : whilst the great God (the priests tell them) who govemes all the world, aiul makes tlie sun to shine, creating the iiiotinc and Htarrs his companyona, great powers, and which dwell with liim, and by whose vertues and influences the under earth is tempered, and brings forth her fruicts according to her seasons, they calling Ahone ; the good and peaceable God requii'ca uo such dutyes, nor ncedcs be sacrificed unto, for be intondcth all good unto them, and will doe noc hannc, only the displeased Okeus, looking into all iiien*s aecLous, and examining the same according to the severe scale of jus- tice, punishctb them with sicknesses, beats them, and strikes their ripe come with blastings, stormes, and tlmnder clapps, stirrs up warre, and makes their women falce unto them. Such is the misery and thraldome under which Sathan bath bound these -nTetehed miscreants. Indeed their priests, being the ministers of Sathan (wbo is very hkely or visibly conversant amongst tliem), fcare and tremble lest the kuowlcdg of God, and of our Saviom- Jesus Christ, should be taught in those parts, doc now with the B4 HlfiTOKIK OF TJUTAII.R more vehcmcncy pcrtiwatle the people to bold on their vonted ccrcmuniesj and every ycare to sacrifice ntill their owne chil- dren to the ancycot God of their fathers, and yt is supposed f^ync doblc oblations this wayc, hy reason they doe at all tymes so absolutely goveme and direct the weroances, or lords of couutricSj in all their accious, and this ciistome he hath politiqucly maynteyn'd, and doth yet univcrsaUy (a few placcH exccpte*!}, over all the Indies. lu Florida tlicy sHeri- fice the first-borne male child. In Mexico they forbeare their owuo, and offer up such pristiners as they take in the warrs, wbonic they torture with a most barbarous cruelty. That the derill hath obteyned the use of the like offring in many ot}ier parts of America, Acosta hath observed and related, in his morrall and uaturall History of the West Indies; tlie same honour the devill ubteyiied from all antiquity, in effect even from the Israelites and their boMcrers, from the Carthagcnians, Persians, and the first planters of Italy, and other nation.^. To have auffrcd still therefore, me thincks, these priests of Baal or Bebsebnb, were greatly offensive to the majestic of God, and most perilous for the English to inhfr- bitc within those parts; for these their Quiyoughquisoeks or pruphcttn be they that prvswade their weroances to resist oiu" HfttleniL-nt, and tell them how much tlieir Okous wilho offended with them, and that he wiU not be appeased with a sacriAce of a thowsand, nay a hecatomb of their childrcne, yf they permitt a nation, dispicing the aucyeot religion of their forefathers, to inhablto among them, since tlieir owne gods have hitherto preserved tbcm; and given them victory over their rncmies, from a^e to age. It is true tbiit hitherto our colony hath conBisted (as yt were) but of a handfull of men, and nut stored with desired victnalla fitt for such eaters as the English are ; nor untill 1610 hrtth yt ben the best govcrued to undertake this service to God ; but now the commoditieB of our ow ne country being thither in some good quantety transported, and those there INTO VIItOINLi. 85 thriving and growing daily into good increase, as kyue, goats, swyue, horses, mares, etc.; aud the first ragged go- vcmmeiit ntiwe likewise prudentlie chauuged into au abso- lute comaund, and over the same many learned and judilioiis gentlcmeu of his majestie's couucell (as a body politique) resident in England, and they also enlightened from the supreme understanding of his ninjestie'a privy conncell; and the lord generall now to goe againe is a very worthy^ vaUant nohle man, aud well instructed in the busines^ wlio hath Sir Thomas Gates, liueten ant- generall (whose comendacion Ueth in his name). Sir Thonms Dale, marsliatl, holh there at this present,, informing themselves of the coimtry and people, both excellent soldiers, and well knowing all circumstances of warre and advantages of ground, yt cannot be doubted but that all things shall he soe fureseene, that the best conrses shal- he taken, aud tbe surreptioii of these priests more seriously thought on then heartofore, and by whose apprehension wil- be wrought the saffety of such our people as shalbe imployed herein for his majestie's honour and the enlargement of his dominion, for whose sake God will prosper all our lawfutl and Christian attempts. Yet noe Spanish iutention shalbo entertayned by us, neither hereby to root out the naturalls, as the Spaniards have done in Hispaniola and other parts, but only to take from them these seducers, untill when tht^y will never knowe God nor obey the king's majestic, and by which meanea we shall by degrees cliaunge their barbarous natures, make tliem ashamed the sooner of their aavadge nakedness, informe them of the true God and of the way to their salvation, aiul, flually, teach them obedience to the king's raajcstie and to his govemours in those parts, declar- ing (in the attempt thereof) nuto the several wcroances, and making the comou people likewise to understand, how that liis majestic huth bene acquainted, that the men, women, and childi'eue of the fiist plantation at Itoanoak were by practize I and eomaundcmcnt of Powhatan (he himself pcrswaded thcr- r » B8 BlSTOttlB OP TBAVAILB unto hy his priesU) misernbly slaughtered, without a.uj offence given him cither by the first pUntcd [who tveut and od yearcs Imd ptrHCci»bIy IjTcd intermixt uith those sal- vages, and were out of hU territory) or by those who none an* cuiiic to inhabite some parte of his desiu-te hi.nds, and to trade with him for some comoditycs of ourd, which he Ids ]H!U|)lo KLaud in want of; notwithstanding, heeauxe hia niajiwtie is, of all the worhl, tlio most just and the most mer- cifuU prince, he hath given order that Powhatan himself, with the weroances and all the people, sbalbe spared, and reveng only taken upon his Quiyoughquiaocks, by whose adrisc and pei-swasioua was exercised that bloudy cruelty, and only how that Powhatan hiiiiHclf and the wcroancea must depend on his majcstie, both acknowledging him for their auperiall lord; and wheninto tJie iiiferiour wenmiiee.'* sure will most wil- lingly coudisceud, when yt shalbc told them, that whcras Powhatan doth at his pleasure dispoile them both of the lives and goods without yeilding them any reason, or alleadg-] ing or proving any jii»t enuse against them, they ishull fori heareafter be deUvercd from his tyranny, nud shidl enjoyoj freely the fruiets of their owne territories, so shall they thoj fish and the fowle thereof, of which the most rare and deli- cate of the one, and the best and wholsomeat of the other,, are now forbidden them, and reserved and preserved to Powj hatan, and that they shalbe freed likewise from delivering their children for sacrifice; and the poore women's songs oi lamentation converted tuto rejoycings, the true God, and liisj govemour king James, ccmauuding th^t the childrene of menj be prpserved and not 8lfiug;l]tered without offence given, aa\ the devill and his Quiyoughquisocks have ordcyned. Agaiustj which Sathanicall invention, maye yt please his majestic toj make au ordinaunce, that the fathers of those childrene^ SiUdj all tbat consent unto the sacrifices hereafter, shalbe put tOf| deathastraytors to Godaiidhismajustie. As also when they' shall understand how the tribute which they shall pay uuto U-- INTO viRorau. 87 liis mnjestie shalbu far leasse then that wbich Powhatan exiicteth from tliem, who robbs them, as you hare heard, of all they have ; but after such tymc as they shall subnn'tt them- selves to the kiug's majeslie, and consent to piiy him a tribute to be agreed upon, Powhatiin shall Lty no more his exactions upon them, but they shall freely enjoy all they can, gather, and hare a pejwcable and franck trade with tlie English for the comodities they can make of their ownc, exchaun;,"ing them for ours, and that the Knglish will take of their poorest into their famclies, as their better sort shall by patents and proclamations hold their hinds, as free bnrgers and citixcns ■with the Eughsh, and subjecta to king James, who will give them justice, and defend them against all their eiiemyesj vhereas now they live in miserable slavery, and have no assurannce either of tlieir lyves or of their goods, and indeed hereby these dooblc and mixt comodities wUl arrisf, namely the English garrisons shall not only he provided of come, and their stcrehowsea of merchandizes, but the naturalls beingi thus constrayued to pay duly this their trj'bute, will dense dowblc as much ground as they doc, wherby the country will not only he made the more passcahic both for horse and foot, hut the people Ihemselvca, who arc now for the most pai-t of the yeare idle, and do little ells theu sharpen their arrowes against the English, ahall find, by the gathering together of their eeverall sorts of tribute, somewhat ells to entertayne thcmsclvcB withall ; and although, perad venture, this maye secme a burthen at the first, nntill they have acquainted themselves with another kind of Ufe, and pcrceavc themselves indeed to beeome thereby the more civile, as likewise to enjoye the rest of their owne more freely then under Pow- hatan, they will find themselves in farr better estate then now they are; for the eussiques or comaundcrs of Indian townes in Peru, whom the Virginians cidi wei-oances, although they I paye imto the ting of Spaine great tribute, yet because they f make cschannge with the Spaniard for that rcraavuesj thev 88 IIIRTOKIR or TIL^VAILR S* do not only kccpc grctito hoapitalitj and nre richc in their furuiture, horses, and cattell, but, as Captain Ellis avov who lyved ainoiig^tt ihem wjme few yeares, tlieir ilyett uened to them in silver vesaclls, and many of them haw natnrall Spaniards that attend them in their howsea, when, on the other side, the Spaniards were not able to make the twentieth part of profitt wliich they now doc but by the helpc of those cussiques, for they furnish out of their Beverall ter- ritories not so few ils (Ifty tlioiisand people to «'orlie Lu t! mynes of Potosi, who after bo many monthes' travuile are returned to the eomitryes, and fifty thousand others by an other company of cuasiques prondcd to supply them. In New Spaine they doe the like, for the naturall people gather all the scuchiucUa' which the Spaniards have, and require no more for a week's labour then so much money as Mill buy them a pott of wyiie to drinek drunek the Satterday night. In Guiaun^ thirty of the people^ with their canoa, wilbe hire^^f for one hatchett to rowe where they are comaunded for a" whole monethj and sell a hundred weight of good biskctt for a threepenny kuife, and if our copper had beu well ordered in Vii^iivia, as maye be hereafter, I am assured that less then one ounce will serve to cntcrtaync the labour of a whole howshould for tcndayes. This being delivered in fitt termos by some perfect interpreter, and to men that are capable ynough of understanding yt, maye begett a faire coneeipt in them of ii« and our proceedings, and leave them well satis- fied ; and indeed be yt beleeved, that when so just aii occa- sion shall offer these priests of Asmodius or the devill in the hands of the lord gcnernll, a better tymc then that will not be found to pcrforme the same acceptable service to Ood that Jehu, king uf Israeli, did, wheu be assembled all the priests of Baal, and slue tbcm, to the last man, in their owue temple. Of tills may every vulgar sence liR well assured, that seeing these monsters due offer up luitu the devill their ^ Ckichitieal. niTO VTBQINIA. BO owne cliildrcne, and beuig hardened a^^ainst all compassion, naturall and divine, enforce their owne mothers to deliver them to the executioner with their owne hands, they will easily coudiscend unto, and assist the destruction and extir- pacion of all straungers, knowing or acknowledging the true God. Within the channcoU of the temple, by tlicOkcus, are ceuotaphies or the monnmeuts of their kings, whose bodyi 80 soone as they be dead, they embowell, and, scraping tlie flesh from off tlie bones, they dry the same npon hurdclla into ashesj which ihey put into litle potts (like the auncyent limes) ; the aniiathomy of the bones they bind togirher or case up in leather, hauling hraccletts, or chaines of copper, beads, pearle, or sucli like, as they used to wear about most of their jointa and ucck, and so repose the body upon a litle scaffold (as npon a tomb), laying by the dead bodies' feet, all his riches in aeverull baskctts, liis apook, and pipc^ and any one toy, wliicli in his life he held most deare in liis faney : their inwaids they stuff with pearle, copper, bc-ads, and such trash, sowed in a skynnc, which they ovcrlapp againe very cjirefuliy iu whit skynnes one or two, and the bodyus thns dressed lastly they rowlc in matts, as forwynding sheets, and so laye them orderly one by one, as they dye in their tumes, upon an arclie standing (as aforesaid] for the tomb, and thes are all the ceremonies we yet can leame tliat they i give unto their dead. We heare of no aweet oyles or oynt- meuts that they use to dresse or chest tbiur dead hotliea with ; albeit they want not of the prctious rozzin running out of the great ccdiir, wherwith in the old tyrae they used to embalme dead bodieii, washing them in the oyle and licoure therof. Only to the priests the care of these temples and holy interments are comitted, and these temples are to them as solitary Asseteria' coUcdges or minsters to exercise ' Possilily rai*spelt fironi Aaairtpoc *]niwi 'Eftanui'Ttpoc, i. e. following in a row one after another. 90 HISTORIB OP TKATAILE tliemselres ia contemptation, for they are seldomc out of them, ATiii tlierefore often lye in tlicm and ranjTiteyiie con- tynuall 6t'r in the same, upou a hearth somewhat neere the east end. For th«r ordinary buriallH they digg a deepe hole in the earth with slmrpp stokes, and the corps being lappetl in skynns and matta with their Jewells, they lave appon sticks in the ground, and aoe cover them with earth : the bnryaJl ended, the womeu (being painted all their faces with black ooale and oyh') do aitt twenty-four liowers in their bowses, momTi- iiig and lamenting by tumcs, with such yelling and howling AS may exprcsac their great passions. Their prinoipall temple, or place of superstition, is at Vtamussack, at Pamunky. Neere unto the towne, within the woods, is a chief holic howac, proper to Powhatan, upon the top of certaine red xandy hills^ and it is aocompanied with two other sixty feet in length, 6Ued with images of their kings and dcvilU, and tombca of the prcdicessors. This place they count so holy an that none but the priests and kings dare come therein. In this fas the Grecian nigromancera pHychomantic did use to call up spiritts) ey- ther the pnests have conference, or consult (indeed) with the dcvill, and receavc verball answeares, and bo sayth Aoosta ; he spake to the fioinf^ or chaplaiucs of the West Indies, in their ;gu!Lcns or oratoi-ies, or at lejist these conjurers make thu simple laytie so to believe, wlioe^ therefore (ao much arc the people at the priests* devotion), we ready to execute any thing, how desperate soever, wliich they shall coimuaund. The salvadgca dare not goe up the river in boatn by yt, but that they solemly cast some piece of copper, white beads, or pochones into the river, for feare that Okeua should he oftended and revenged of them. In this place commonly are resident seven priesta, the chief dilfchug ti'om the rest J Query — Bo^JTfl^ fromjWujtoerj. Pape,inlii»"Handw(irti)rbuchdcr QriuhcIuBtbca Spi^wche", gives nippocmtos as a. reference for the iu« «f tli« word. * 4 INTO vittoijru. 01 in his omanient, whilst the inferior priests can hardly be kuowne from the common people^ save that they had not (it taaye be mnye not hiive) so many lioles iu their eu.res to hang tlieii' jeivcUs at. The oruameuts of the chief priest were, uppon hi& showlders a miildle- sized cloke of feathers much like the old aacriticing garment which laodorua calls cassiola, and the bvirlctt or attire of his licad was thos raarle ; Hume twelve or sixteen or more snakes' sloughcs or skviiB were stuflcd with mossc, and of weasells or other vcrmyn were skynns perhapps as many ; all these were tyed by the taylcs, so as their layles meet in the tupe of the head like a great tasaell, and round about the tasseU vms circled a crow- nett (as yt were) of featherM, the skynus hanging round alioiit his hotid, neck, and showlders, and in a manuLT cover- ing his face. The faces of all their priests are painted so uglye a* they can de\ise; in their Imndr* tliey carry e\e:ry one his rattle, for the moat part as a syrabole of his place and profession, some basse, some sraixller. Their devotion is most ui songs, which the chief priest begynns and the rest follow him; 8omet}Tuea he makes invocation with hmken sentences, by starts and strnung passions, and at every pawsc the rest of the priests give a nhort gronne. We have not yet hitherto perceaved that any solemne fasti, or fa'uB pr/Bcida/it'tF vigilli,^ or any one daye more holy then other, is amongst them, but only in some great distrcssc of want, feare of encmyes, tymes of ti'yumph, and gathering tugither their friiicts. The whole country — men, women, and children — come togither to their solcmpnities, the man- ner of which jolly devotion is sometymcs to make a great ficr in the house or fields, and all to sing and daunce about yt, in a ring like so many fayries, with rattles and showtcs, four '' This unusuijJ cxpreEsioii for ngils or ctch ia thui trco.tC'J of by Aului Oelliua, lib. ir, at]) 6. — '■ Poi'«am ct hostms quasdam pnoddancas, sicud (lixi, appellnri vulgo notam ©st ; ferieut. AlioTit the rising of the morning starr they seemed to have finished their work of darknes, and theu drew forth snch pro^aMon as was in the said howse, aud feasted them- selves and him with much mirth. Three or fower dnyes they coutyiiucd these elvish ceremonies. Now besides these manner of conjurations thus within dores (as we read the augurers, in the old tymcs of the like au[ierstitiou, did ascend or goe up into the certaiue towers or high places, called there- fore augtiracula, to divine of matters), ao doe theygoe forth, and either upon some rock standing olone^ or upon some desolate promontery top, or ells into the midst of thick and solitary woodes they call upon their okcus aud importune theij- other quioughcosughes with moat impetuous and intermiuate cla- mours and Iiowlbig, and with such paynes and strayned accionSj as the neighbour places ccchoe againe of the same, and themselves ai'e all in a sweat ;ind over wearied. They have also certaine aultcr stones which they call paw- corances ; but those stand from their temples, some by their hawses, others in the woodos and wilderness; upon these they ofter blood, dcare suctt, and tobacco, and that when they rettime sate from the warrs, luckely fi-om hunting, and upon miiny other occasions. We understand they give great reverence to the sim ; for wJiiehj huth at bis early rising and late sitting, they conch themselves downe, and lift up their hands and eyes, and at certayno tymes make a round circle on the gronnd with to- haccD, into which they reverently enter, and mnmnire cer- tftinc unhallowed wordcs with many a defonned gesture. They have also another kind of sorcery which they use in etormes, a kynd of botanomantia' witli herbcs ; when the wa- ters are rough in the rivers and sea-coasts, their conjurers I Soocbtiayiug from herbs. '':^ M QISTORIE or TRAVAlUt run to the wutcm iides, or, pfisiing iii tlieir qumtans, after many hellish outcrycs and invocations, thty cast whcsicnn, tobaOOOj co]>|ier, pocrjnuK, or such trash into the water, to pacirye that god whumc they thiuck to bo very angry in those stormcs. Before their diuuers and suppers (as Holiodorus remem- bers the Kp}'ptians were wont to doe when they sate to meate, or at candlelight) the better sort will doe a kind of sacriiice, taking the first bitt and caatingc yt into the fier, and to yt repeat ccrtaine wordcs. I hare heard Mnchumpa, at Sir Thos. Dale'A table, once or twice (upon our request) repeat tlic said gnice as yt were, liowbcit I forgot to take yt from him in writiuge. Tn some part of the country they have yerely a aacrifice of children; such a one wiw ut Qiiiyaughcobauock, sonic ten miles from James Townc, as aUo at Kccoughtan, which Capt. Georg Percy was at, and observed. The manner of it was, fiftccuc of the properest yoiige boyes, betweene ten and fifteeue yeares of age, they paynted whiter having brought them foHh, the people spcut the forcuone in dauucing and «ngiug about them with rattles. In the aftcmoone they aolemly led those chihb'ene to a eertayne tree appointed for the same purpose; at the; rootc whereof, round about, they made the childrenc to sitt downe, and by them stood the moat and the ablest of the men, and some of them the fathers of the childrenc, as a watulifull guard, every one having a bastinado in his hand of rcede^, and these opened a lane betweene all along, through whicli were appointed five young men to fetch those chiklrciie ; and accordingly every one of the five tooke his turne and passed through the guard to fetch a cliild, the guard fiercely heating them the while with their bastinadoes, and shewing much anger and displeasiu-e to have the childi'en so ravisht from them; all whicb the young men pacyently endured, receaving the blowcs and dcfcntliug the children, with their naked bodies, from the INTO VTHfiraiA. 95 usmcrHifulI stroakes, thai paid them soundly, thouglt the children escaped. All the while sate the mothers and kins- women sifitr off, looking nn, wcc^pinji aiid tTving out very passionately, and some, in pretty wjiymenting^ tunes, sing- ing (as yt were] their dii-ge or funeral song, provided nith matta, skjimca, musap, and dry wood by thcTn, as things fitt- iug their children's funeralls. After the childrcne were thus forccably taken from the {^lard, the guai'd possessed (as yt were) with a vyolent fury, entred uppon the tree and tore yt downe, bowca and braunches, with such a terrible 6erceness and strength, that they rent the very body of yt, and shi- vered yt in a hundred peeccs, whereof some of them rondo them garlandcs for their heads, and some stuck of the braunchee and leaves in tlieir haire, wreathinge them iii the sn]iie, and so went up and downe as mouruyrs, with heavy and sad downecast lookes. What ells was done with the childrcne might not he aeeue by onr peiipic, further then that they were all cast on a hcapc in a valleye, where waa made a great and solemnc feast for all the corapanye; at the going whereunto, the night now approaching, the Indians desired our people that they would withdraw themselvea and leave them to their fmlher proceedinga, the which they did : only some of the weroances being demanded the meaning of this sacrifiee, made answeare, that the childrenc did not all of them suffer death, but that the okeus did suck the hlnod from the leaft breast of the child whose ehaunce it was to be his by lott, till he were dead, and the remaine were kept in the wildeniess by the said young men till nine raooues were expired, diuing which tyme they must not converse with any ; and of^ these were made the priests and conjurers, to be instructed by tradition from the elder priests. These sacrifices, or catharraata, they hold to be so necessary, that if they should omitt theni they suppose tliis okeus, and all the other qmonghcoanghea, which are their other gods, would 1 So in M 3. Ptoba.blj " plftintive". Ofi mSTORIB OP TRAVArLB let tbcm no dearc, turkics, coruc, uor fish, and yet besides he would make a great slaughter amongst them ; insomuch as if evftr the anoypiit superstitions tvnies feared the deviil'ii poglttlaria f»/fftiraj lightuiugs that sigtiifiecJ religion of saeri- ficet and vowca to he neglected,' thette people are dreadiullj afflicted with the terror of the like, insomuch as^ T may tndy nye therefore, the like thunder and Lightening is scldoine againo P}^hcr seeuo or heard iu Europe as is here. Couccniiiig the ymmortality of the sowle, they suppose that the common people shall not live after death ; but they thinck that their weroances luid priests, indeed whom they eatecmc half quioughcosughca, when their bodyes arc laied iu the earth, that that which is within shall goe beyond the moiiiitayuL's, and travell as farr as ivhere the suu setts into most pleasant fields^ growndes, and pastures, where yt shjill doe no labour; but, stuck Hnely with feathers, and painted with tiyle and pocones, rest in all quiet and peace, and eat delicious fruicts, and have store of copi>er, beades, and hatchettsj eing, daunce, and have all variety of delights and nierryments till that wase old there, as the body did on earth, and theu yt ahall dissolve and die, and eome into a woman's womb agaiue, and so be a new borne unto the world; not unlike the heathen Pytbugoms his opinyon, and fable of metempsychosis; nor Is this opinion more ridiculous or savage then was the Epicuresj long since, in tyme too of morality, who taught that the sowle of man, as of brute beasts, wan nothing ells but life, or the vitall power arriainge of the temperature and perfcccion of the hotly, and therefore died and extinguished togither with the body, the sowle so being a meere quality in the body, and when t]io body was ' The rendering hero given hy Stcachey wf " jiostularia fulgiim" is evidenLlj from Festus, th>»iigb bis tiuaint diction would uiislead the reader as to the intenticuj of the words. Fe^tits gives the following dctini- tioTi of tha term. " Fulgnn qum votonim ant wicrificiorum apretam religionem designant". INTO VIKOIKIA. 07 I to dissolve, thu sUMie must likewise becumc nothing; nor is it more hethenous then our Athists, who would even out of scriptuie prophaiiely conclude no yinortality of the sowle, to be wresting tbiit of Solomon, who saicth, "The condicion of mon and beiista are eren os one'*, not acknowledging their impious reasonings by fiiUacicSj concluding that which is in some respect soe to he simply so, as becansfi tltcir bodies dye alike, tliercfure the sowle of man must pi;riMh too. Butj ajas, well maye these heathen be pityed and pardoned untill they shall be taught ln-ttcr, neither burtic uuder gracOj nor of the «eed of promise, when such as profcsse tbemsclves iu their great place to be our Saviour Christ's chief ricars here upon earth, dare be farr more dissolute, as yt is written of Paule the third, Pope of Rome, when he was breathing out his sowle, and ready to dye, said that now, at length, he should try and knowe three thijigs whereof in his wliole tyme he much doubted (viz), whether tliere was a Godj secondly, whether sowles were immortal; and lastly, whether there was any hell : and Stepbanus upon Heroditus remembers us how Pope Loo X answered Cardinal Bembo, that aUeadged some pwt of the gospell unto him, — " Lord Cardinall, what i a wctdth this fable of Jesus Christ hath gotten us." I say, | therefore, yt may well aeeme lesse straimg if amonge these | infidclls both the knowledg of our Saviour be questioned, ( and the ymmortnlity of the sowle not rightly understood. Ilowbcyt, to divert them from this bhndaess, many of our people have used their best eudeavoui-s, chiefly iritli Pepis- cumah, weroance of Uuiyoughcohauoek, whose apprehension and good disposiciou towards us hath hitherto much exceeded any in those countryes, with whom, though as yet we have not prevaylcd to forsake his take gods, yet this he was woune to saye, that he believed our God as much exceeded theirs, 83 our guns did their bowe and arrowcs; and many tymes, upon our people's first eomyng into the country, did send to tieut at James Towne meu with presents, cntreatiug I I 08 Hli^TORIE OP TRAVAILB him to pray to his Rod for rayne, for hift gods would not M>nd htm any ; aiul in iliis Inmentable ignumnce due tliese poore 8owlo8 lire. I will conclude these points with opinion of the Indians of pAtawomeck River. The last ycarc 1610, about Chriit- mos, M-heii Cnptiiin Ai^ll wns there ti-ading with Jopassiis, thf great liing*» hrotlii-r, after many daics of acqiiaintauDce with him, lut the pynnnee road before the townc Matclio- pongo, Jopaxiitis comyng abourd and sitting (the whenther being very cold) by the ficrj upon a hearth in the hold, witli the captaine. one of our men was reading of a Bible, to which the Indian gave a very uttcnt care, and looked with a very wisht eye upon him, as if he desired to understand what he rend, whoreupun the eajytiiyiiti tookc the lnjoke, and turned to the pictures of tlic Creation of the World, in the bcgywning of the hooke, and canned a boy, one Spilman, who had l}*ved a whole ycre with this Indian kinge^ and spake his language, to fiheiive yt unto him, and to enterpretc yt in bis language, which the boy did, and which the king seemed to like well of; howbeit, he bad the boy tell the captayiie if he would hcare, he would tell him the manner of their bc'gir*ning, which was a pretty fabulous tale indeed. " We have {said he) five gods in all J our chief god appeares often unto us in the like- nes of a mighty great hare; the other foiu- have noe visible shape, hut are indeed the four wynds which keepe the fom- corners of the earth (and then, with his hand, he seemed to quarter out the aeytnations of the world). Our god, who takes upon him this shape of a hare, conceaved with himself how to people this great worldj, and with what kinde of crea- tures, and yt is true (said he) that at length be devised and made divers men and women, and made provision for them, to be kept up yet a while in a great bag. Nowe there were eertayne spiritts, which he described to be like great giants, which came to the hare's dwelling-place (being towards the rifiiiig of the sun), and had peraeveratmce nf the men and Unt) VIKUISLA. 99 I I I I vomea which he had put iuto that great biif^g, aud tlioy would have had them to c«t, but the gudlye hure rejjroved those cauihall apiritts, and drove them awaye/' Now if tlic boy had uskerl him of what he made tliose men and wouifii, and wLiit those spii'ittti more pm'ticuhirly had hen, nud so liad proceeded iu some order, tliey should have made yt hang together the better ; bnt the boy was unwilling to question him so many things, least he should otFcnd him ; only the old man wfcut an, iLcd said how that guiUike Imre niMdc the wHtcr, and the fish thereiUj and the land, and a grreat dearCj which should feed u|>on the huid ; at which asaetnblud the other four gxids, envyous licreat, from tlie cast, the west, fi-om the north and »ontb, and with luiuting pooleti kild this gi-eat dearc, dreast Inui, und, after they had feasted with him, departed agaiue, east, west, north, and south ; at which the other god, in (lesplght for this theif' mallice to bim, tooke all the haires of the slaJue deiirc, aud spred them upon the earth, with many powerfuU worda aud cliamicSj whereby every haii-e bccoiuc a deare; and then he opened the great hag, wherein the men nod the women were, and placed them upou the earth, a. man and a woman in one country, and a man and a Tvoiniui in another countrv, and so the world tooke Ins first hcgyuning of mankind. The Kiptaine bad the boy ask him what he tliouglit became of them after their death, to which he answered somewhat like as is expressed before of the inhahitaunts about us, how that after they are dead here, they goc up to a top of a lugli tree, and there they espie a fftirc plaine broad path waye, on botli sides wherof doth grow all manner of pheasant fmicta, as mulberies, straherrie!*, plombea, etc. In tliis pleasant path they rune toward the rising of the sun, whrre the goodly hiu-e's bowse is, and in the midway they come to a house where a woman goddesae duth dwell, w hoe hath alwaies her doares open for hospitality, and halh at all tynies ready drest grccnc vskalahomen and poka- hichory, (which is greene corue brused and boylcdj and wal- lot) HI8TOK1K OF TIUVAILK Qutta beaten amali^ then washci) ixuui tlic shells with a qima- tity of water, which mnlte* a kind of milke, and wliich they estcemc ou cxtraordiimry dwh,) to^ithcr with nil nmiiiii^rof pleasjuit fruicts, in a readincs to ciitcrtaj-ne all such as doc travell to tlio great hare's bowse j and urben they are wftll refreshed, tbcy run in thin pleasant i>ath to the rising of the Bun, ttln;ti^ tbey fyiid their forefathers lyving iu prcat plea- sure, ill a {;ii(Mlly field, where they doe nothing but dawiice aud siug, and feed ou dclitlous fruicts with that great hare, wliu is their proat god j and when they have l)"\ed there untill they Ijc stnrke old meu, ilicy sale tliey dye there likewise by tnrnes, and come into the world a^ne. ConcenUDg further of the religion wc hare not yet learned, nor indeed i«hiUl wc ever know all the certniiitye cyther of these their unhallowed raisteriesj or of their further orders and policycs, luitill we caiin make sur|)riM of some of their Qniyou^hqiiisocks. CAPUT VIII. Tlicir manner nf norrs, aud couHultationa thereabout ; of ceitain pro- phosicn umongst them ; of Ponhntaa's uuncicnt cnututcx, QJid how ihcy nuiic ho wrougtit into league with uh, and tumttd aguinrt him, whtroby we maie bring hiin Lik*wiso to he in freiutl#hip with un ; of tlieir bowo^, arrowas, ftiid rtwoTd&t, targetts, drumiis; of their phisicli and uhinirgcrj. "WuES they intend any warrs, the weroances usually advise with tlieir priest» or coiijurersj their allies and best trusted elinuneellora and fi-uinds; but comonly the priests have the resulting voice^ and determync therefore their resolutions. Eyther a wei"oauee or some lustie fellowe is appointed cap- tivinc over a nation or regiment to be led forth; and when tbcy woTild prcsse a number of soldiers to be ready by a day, an officer is dispacbt awuye, who comynij into the toivne^, or otherwise meeting such wbomc he hath order to warue, i INTO vinoixiA. 101 to strike thum uver the back a sound blow with a bastiuHclu, and bidds them he ready to serve the groat king, and tells them tlie randevoiw, from whence they dnre not at any tyme appointed be absent. They scldomc make warra for landa or goods, but for women and cliildreu, and princiimlly for revenge, so vindicative and jualous they be to be made a diri- sioii of, and to by insulted upon by an enemy. Tbcru be at tliis tyrae certayne prophesieH afoot amongst the people enhabiting about us, of wbicU Powhatan ys not meanly jealous and careful to divert the construction and danger which his pricsta coutyuually put him in feare of. , [It is] not long since that his priests told him how that from the Chcsapeaek Bay a nation should arise which fihould dis- solve and give end to hh empire, for which, uot many ycare«j Biiiw (pi-rplext with this divelisb oracle, and divers nnder-. standing thereof), according to the ancyeut and gentile cus- toms, he destroyed and put to sword all such who might lye under any doubtful coustrucciou of the said prophesie, as all the inliabitiuits, the weroauce and his subjects of that pro- vinoc> and so leniaine all the Chcssiopcians at this daye, and for this cau:*c, extinct. Some of the inhabitants, againe, liave not spared to give us to uuderstand, bow they have R second prophcsie likewise amongst them, that twice they should give overtlirow and dishearten the attemptcrs, and such straungers as should invade their territories or labour to settle a plantation among them, but the third tyrae they themselves shotdd fall iuto their subjection, and under their conquest ; and aure in the observacion of om- settlement, and the manner therof hitherto, we muye weE suppose that this their apprehension may fully touch at us. I leave to expressc the particulers unto an> other place, albeyt, let me saye here, mtrauuge whispers (indeed) and secrctt at this bower run among these people and possesee them with amazement, what may be the yssue of tbeuo straung preparations lauded in their coasts, and i' '''ft HISTORIE OF TTIAVAILB yearly supplyed with fresher trouppes. Every newcs and blast of rumour stiykes them, to which they open their earea>| wyile, aud kci.'pe their eyes waking, with good espiall upon every thing that sturrs ; the noyse of our drums, of our s]triU trunipetts and great ordiuauncc, tcrriiicH them, so its they startle at tlie report of them, how far soever from the reach of (laiiiifTer. Suspicions have bredd atraiinge feares amongst them, and thone feares create as straung eunstriiLTioiis^ imtl those construccionsj therefore, bcgett strong watch and gard^ especially about their great kinge, who thrusts forth trusty skowtes and carcfull sentinells, as before niencyoned, which reach even from his owue court ilowne almost to om' piUisado gates, wliich auswearo one another duly. Many things (whilst they observe us) are sidfrwl auiissc amoug themselves, who were wont to be so servily fearefiill to trespaase against their customes, as yt was a chief point of theii' religion not to breaks in any, and all this, and more then this, is thus with them, whilst the great tyrant himself nor his priests arc now confident in their wonted com-acs. Judge all men whether these maye not he tlie forerunners of an alteration of the devill's empire here? I hope they be, nay, T dare prognos- ticate that they usher great accydents, and that we shall effect them ; the Ui^iiie power assist us in tliis worte, which, begun for heavenly ends, may have as heavenly period. Powhatan had many enemies, especially in the westerly countryes, before we made our forts aud habitations so neere the Falls ; but now the gcueraU cause hath united thcni, and the poore power of their mallice they contend to power upon us. Beyond the mountayncs, and at the heads of the rivers upon the head of the Powhatans, are the Mouacans, whose chief habitaeion ia at Rassawck,, unto whome the Mowhemen- cbuges, the Massinnacacks, the Monahassauugbcs, and other nations, pay tribute ; and the MouacanSj as I said, have been deadly cnemyes ever unto Powhatan, and mayo easily be wyned frindsliip with by us to be so againe ; untill when wc sliall ever have Powiataii at these prowd aud insolent termes at which he now stands ; and therefore yt was most consider- ably and directly advised by one of good \}]ncc, aud great knowledg, aud by long experience trayned in the managing of busines of this nattire, when Sir Thomas Gates went oyer sole governonr, May 1609, that wc should endeavour what all envadcrs and planters sceke ant, namely to Itnowe and eriter- tajne the bordering enemye of that nation, whom wc shalbc forced by our sitting downe aniougst them, out of many offred occasions, to offend and conatraine j for who can he ignorant, saitli he, that tbere was never any iiivaysion, con- quest, or far of phintation, that had successe witltoiit some partic in the place ytself, or neere yt ? witnea all the con- quests made in these our parts of the world, and nil that the Spaniaids liave performed in America ; yt cannot hnt appeare to all TOcn of judgment esseiiaially necessarj' for our colony to get knowledg or make friendship, as conveniently as yt maVj %rith as many of the weroaucps which border and make warr with Powhatan, as yt can, against whoine, or against whose people, yf we should fynd cause now or hereafter to use violence. There is no man among themselves so savage, or not capable of so ranch scm'c, hut that he will approve our cause, when he shalbe made to understand that Powhatan hath slaughtered so many of our uation without offence given, and auch a« were seated far from him, and in the territory of those weroances which did in no sort depend on him or acknowlcdg him j but yt hath ben Powhatan's great care to keepe us, by all meanes, from the acquaintance of those nntious that border and confront him, for besides his know- ledge how easely and willingly his enemies wilbe drawne upon lim by the least ronutenancc and encouragement from us, he doth, by keeping uh from trading ^vith them, monoplize all the copper brought into Virginia by the English. And whereas the English are noM' content to reccave, in eschaunge, a few measures of coruc for a great deale of that mettell 104 ni)n'r>Bie or travaile (valuyng yt accordiu^ Ui tlie pxtrcnuit^ prieo yt bcarca witli them, not to thr eiitymiu.'ion yt liath with u»), Powliatan doth af^nc Tent some sniall quantity thereof to his ncighlmnr nntimiH for one liuudreil tyme the value, resen-ing, notwith- tttHiidin^, forhimself a plcDtifull quiiiitity to Icavy men wKbill when lie Kliall find cause to use them Against us ; for the be- fore- rem enib red wcroance of Paspalic^b did once wafije four- teen or fifteen wcroanccs to assist him in the attempt upon the fort of Jntucs townc, for one copper plate pmitniM^l to eacli weroancc. Heyonil tlio springs of the river TappahaiKK'k (the second from Powhatan's) is a people ealleil Mannahonlca ; to these are contributory- the Tanxauitanians, the Sbackaconiaa, the Outpankas, the Tegoneaa, the Whonkentias, tbe Stognros, the Uassiiin^s, and dirers others, all confederates nith the Monacans, though many of theiii different in language and very barbarous, living for tbe most part upon wild beasts and frnictSj and have likewise iissisted the Monncans, in tynies past, against Powhatan, and niaic also by us be dealt withall and taken into freindship, as opportunity and meanea shall afFourd. Beyond the monnttunes, from whence is the head of the river Patawomoek, do iuhabitc the Maaaawomeelis (Powha- tan's yet mortall enemies) upon a great salt water, which by all likelyhoods may either be some part of Canci^a, some great lake, or some iulett of some sea, that may fkll into the «'est ocean or Mar del zur. Tlicse Massawomceks are a great nation, and very populous, for the inhabitants of the beads of all those rivers, especyally the Patawomecks, the Pawtux- untSj tlie Sasquesahauoughes, the Tockwoghs, are couty- mmlly harbored and frighted hy them, of wliose cruelty the said people generally complained, and were very ymportu- nate with Captain Smyth and his company, in tbe tyme of their discovery, to free them from thoae tormentors, to wluch. purpose they offred food, conduct, asBistantSj and coutvnual rsTO nunmiA. 105 sTihjection, which were motives sufficyent for Captain Smyth to promise to retumc with sufficient forces to constraiue the said Massawomecks ; Imt there were iii tlie colony tit tliat tyme sach fiictions and base cn^-yes, as laalicc in some, in some igiiorauce, and cuwardize in others, made that oportu- nity to he lost. Seven boats'-fiiil of these Massawomceks, tlie discoverers before mentioned encountred at the head of the bay, whose targetts, haskctts, awords, tobncco-jiipcs, pbit- ters, bowes and arrowcs, and every thing, shewed tliey much exceeded them of our pai-ts ; and their desterlty in their sevcrall hoats^ made of the bai-kes of treea sowed togithcr, and well luted with giun imd rosiu of the piac-trcc, argneth that they are seated upon some great water. Of these, like- wise, yt may plensc the lord gcucrall agsiiue to enfox-me him- self, as clrcumatances and occasion shall serve to turne against Powhatan, ^C." I graunt that auch the new inliabitauts who now people Chesapeak »gaine (the oh! extinguished, as you have heard, upou the couceipt of a prophesic), togither witli the wero- ■ ances of Naudsamnnd, Wairaskoyak, and Weanock, are now at peace with him ; howbeit, they maic, peradveuture, ho _ drawne from Lira for some rownd rewards and a plentifull P promise of copper, thus much (and not unnecessarily) digressed. Their weapons for offence are Ijowes and arrowcs, and wodden sw'orme sharp Mane, with the spurrs of a tiirker cock, or the bill of some bird, feathered with a tiirkey*s feather, which with a kuife {made of the sphntcr of a rccd, which he will lunkc an shar^M; aa a surgeon's ganiott*} he cutta him iuto forme, and with which knife, also, he will joyiit a dearo, or any beast, sliafie his sanclalk, buskins, mautell, etc. To make the uotch of his arrowe^ he hath the tooth of » bevcr sett ia a stick, wherewith he grateth yt by degrees ; his arrowc hcdd he quickly makcth with a litle bone (which he ever weareth at his bracer, and which Ijracer ia comonly of some beast's skyune, eyther of the wootf, hadg^er, or black fox, etc.) of any Bpliiit of a stone, or peecc of a deare's bone, of an oyster shell, or of cristall, in the forme of a heart, biu-b'd and jagged, and these they glue to the end nf their arrowea with the »ynewe« of deare and the topps of dcaru's borne boyled into a jcllVj, of which they make a glue that will not dissolve in cold water, Forty yards will they shout levell, or ver)- neere the marke and one humlred and twenty is their best at random. ^ Their swordes be made of a kind of liea\y wood which they have, much like such wooden iustruments as otir Kuglish women swingle their flax, withnll, and wliicb they call mono- cocks, as the sftlvarlges in Bariena,^ in the West Indies, call their[s] inacauas, uud be alike made; but oftentymcs the; use for swordea the home of a deare put through a peice wood it! foTmc of a pickaxe. Some use a long stone sharp- ened at both ends, thrust through a hamllc of wood in the aame manner, and the«c lairt they were wont to use iustcai of hntchetts to fell a tree, or out any massy thinj? in sonder; but now, by trucking with us, they have thowaands of o ii'on liatclietts, such aa they be. Targetts they have, though not many, nor every where but those they have are made of the barltcs of trees, rown and thicke ynough to keepe out an arrowe. * Aa incision-knifo. S It tiliQuld be Diurien. 3w HcriDm, dec. i, lib, is, cai>. 6. • i^S- WTO vraawtA. 107 For tbcir driimB they have a {p*eat deepe platter of wood, the mouth whereof covering with a skyn, at each comer they ty a walnutt) which meeting ou tlic back side iieere the bot- torae, with a small cord tliey twitch them together iintill they be 90 tough and stiffe, thiit they Jiiaye beat upon them as doe wcc upon a drum, and they yield a reasonable rattling sown tie. Their chief attempts are by strHtagems^ surprizes, and trecheries, yet the weroances, women, or children, they put not to death, but keep them captives. Tliey have a method in warrc, and for a pleasure Powhatan would needs have yt shewed once to our people, and yt was in this manner per- formed at Mattapanient. Haidni; piiiutcd aud disgriiiacd themselves iu the fairest manner they could devise, they dcvided themselves into two companies, well neerc one hundred in u company ; the one company they called Monacan's, the other Powhatan's, eyther army hud their captaine. Theso (as enemies) took their stand a muskett shott one from another, rancking them- selves fifteen abreast, aud each ranck from other four or five yardes, not in file, but in the opening betwixt their files, so as the reare could shoot as convenyently as the front. Hav- ing thus pitched the field, from eyther part went n messenger iritb condiciona that whosoever were vanquished, such aa escaped, upon their submission or comyng in, though two daies after, should live, but their wives and childrene should be prize for the conquerors. Tlie messengers were no sonar returned, but they approached iu tlieir orders, on each flank a Serjeant, and iu the reare an offlccr for linetcnant, all duly keeping their rancks, yet leaping and singing after their accustomed tune, which they use only in warrs. I'pou the first flight of arrowes, they gave such horrible showts and acritches as so many infernall hclhounds ; when they had spent th(Mr arrowes tliey joyued togithei prettily, charging and retiring, every ranck seconding other. As they gett loa ■"ft*^"* or TRAVAILS Rfltiuitagc, tliey ciitcbcd their enemies by the bairc of their heod^ and dowoc he ctunc that wbs taken; his enemy, with a wood(l«n sword, seemed to heat out his braines, and still they crept to t!ie reare to niuyutayne the Hkyrmish. The Monocana dccrcasinj;, the Powliiitaus charged them iu forme of n halfe mooue ; they, unwilling to bc inclotied, fled all in a troupe to their ambuacadooa^ on wliome tltcy leJ them veiy cunningly. The Mouocans diaperst themselves amou^; the freshmen, whereupon the Powhatans retired themselves with all speed to their seconds, which the Monocaiis seeing, tooko tliat advantage to retire againe to their owne battaile, and 80 each returned to tlieirc owne quarter. All their accion, voices, and gpstnres, both in cliardging and retiring, «'ere so strayned to the height of their quality and nature, that the straunguess thereof made yt secmc very delightfuU. Concerning a greene wound cawaed eythcr by the stroake of an axe, or sword, or isiich sharpe thiuge, they have present remedy fur, of the juyce of certayiie hearbes ; howbe)^ a eornptiuiid wound (as the surgt-ond call it) where, beside the opening and cutting of the fiesh, any rupture is, or bone broken, «nch as our Kniall shutte make upon them, they knowe not ea.sily how to cure, and therefore hinguish in the misery of tUc pa)7ie thereof. Old ulcers likewise, and putri- fied hurt* arc seidome seeue cured amongst them : howbeit, to scarrrfyc a awelliuj^, or make incisyon, they have a kind of intitrumeut of Homo splinted stone. Kvcry spring they make themselves sick with drincUng the juyco of a roote which they call wighsacan and water, wherof they take soc great a quantity, that yt pnrgcth them in a very violent maTiucr, so that in three or four daies after thoy Bcarse recover their former health. Somut^-mes they are sore trebled with dropseyes, swellings, aclies, and sucb like deceases, hy reason of their nneleanenes and fowle feed- ing ; for cure whereof they buyld a stove in tlie forme of a dove howsB, with raatts soe close, that a fewe coals therein, covered with a pott, will make the patient sweat extrcainely. IXTO \7RCnJIA. 100 For swelling, also, they use small piceea of touch wood in the forme of cloves, which, pricking on the grinf, they biirtie close to the flesh, anrl from thence drawe the corruption with their mouthc. They Imve many professed phiMtians, who, with their charmes hiuI rattles, with an inferaall rowt of words and accions, will aeeme to suck their inward grief from their navclla, or their affected places ; but concerning' oiu- ehirugians tlicy are generally so conccipted of thcoi, that they beUeve that their plaistcrs will heale auy hmi;. CAPUT rx. Of thuir tocottomick gr liowshold aSa-iros ; bow tboy olttcjao thoir yiivw ; the womfin'a works ; anJ wherefore th«y coutoiiJ for manie wiTcs. They exprcsse their loves to siicli women m they would mako choise to live withall, by presenting tlietu with the fruicts of their labours, as by fowlcj fiah, or wild beasts, which by their huntings, their bewes and arrowes, by weerca, or otherwise, they ohteyue, which they bring unto the young women, as also of such somcr fruicts and berries which their travells abroad hath made them knowc readcly where to gather, and those of the best kind in their season. Yf the young may- den become ouec to be sororians viryo,'^ ami live imder pa- rentSj tlie parents must allow of the sutor ; and for their good wills, the woer promiseth that the daughter slial! not want of such pix>visioiis, nor of deare skynn-i fitly tlrest for to weare; besides, he promiseth to doe his eudearour to procure her bcades, perlc, and copper, and for haiulsell gives her before them something as a kind of arrasponsalU'ta^ token of betroatliing or contract of a further amity and Acquaintance to he contynucd betwecue them, as so after as the likeing I i.f. tar'wml nt pulierty. Fostus sa;s "Suroxtarv Qianuiuu diuuutur puclhiruni, cum primum tumcsount." 1 Eaxacet luguey In latificution of tho cspauaals. 110 nisToRiE OF thavailc groves; and a« soone as he hath pmncled her a house (if he have uoiic before) and some platters, morters, and mutts, he takes her homci and the wcronncca after this man- ner mnye have aa many as tlioy can obteyiie, howbeji, all the rost whomc they take after their first clioisc are (aa yt were) mercynarv, hired but by covenant and condicion, for a tjrmc, a yearc or soe, ufUir which tliry may pntt them awayc; hut if they keepc them lon^^er then the tyme appointed^ they mnst ever keepe them, how deformed, dcscascd, or nnftccom-i paninble soever they may prove. They are people most voluptious; yet are the women very carefull not to be suspeeted of dishonesty, without the leave of the husbands; but he giving his consent, they arc Ukc Virgill's Fcranti/p,^ and may erahrase the acquaintance of any strainiger fur nothing, and it is accompLed no oftenco; and incredible j-t is, with what heat both sexes of them arc given over to thoee intemperances, and the men to prept^ terog a Venus, for which they are full of their comitrj'e desease (the pox) very young; for cure of which, yet, they have both meanes of their owne, and sufficient skill, applying ccrtainc hcrbcs and bruscd roots which doe presently case, and in tjTne cure (wliich kind of medicines Paracelsus callcth xetiativa medivatitettta) , having, beside the saxafras, one hearb which (as yt is supposed) in short tyme qneneheth and mortifieth the malignart poysou of that finvle deseaae. The women ai-e said to be easily delivered of child; yet do they love childreue very dearly. To make the children liardye, in the coldest mornings they wa»h them in the rivers, and by paintings and oyntcmeuts so tanne their skynns tliat, after a yeare or twoo no weather will hurt them ; as also, to practize their children in the use of ther bowes and arrowes, the mo- thers doc not give them their breakfast in a morning before the) have hitt a marke which she appoints them to shoot at: ' Wd hnvo D(^t met witVt tbk word iu Virgil. It occurs ia PUuUiB as the epitbet of a dospicable woman. INTO VTROIKIA. Ill I and comonly so cunning they will Imve thcoij as throwing up in the ayrc a piece of mosscj or some such light thinge, the boy must with liis arrowe mcete yt in the fall, and Lit it, or clla he shall not have his breckiast. Both men, women, and childrcne have their scvcrall names; at first uccordiug to the severall humour of their parents; iiud tor the men. chiltlrcn, ut first, wlicn they arc young, their mothers give them a name, calling them by some affec- tiunate title, or, perlinppa observinfj theii* promising inclina- tion give yt accordingly ; and ao the great King Powhatan called n young daughter of liis, whome he lovctl well, Prjcha- liuntaa, which may sigiiifie little wanton ; howbeyt she was rightly called Amonato at more ripe ycares. V^'hen tliey become able to travel into the womls^ axiH to goe forth a hunting, fowling, and fishing with their fathers, the fathers give Idm another name as he finds bim apt and of spiritt to prove toward and valiant, or otherwise changing the mother's, which yet in the family is not so soone forgotten; and if aoe be yt he by agUity, Htrengtb, or any extraortbnury strainc of vitt he performes any rcmarkcable or valerona exploite in open act of armes, or by strattigeni, 082)ecyally in the tyme of cxtrcamity in the wnrrs for the pnbliquc and common atatc, upon the enemie, the king, taking notice of the same, doth then not only in open view and solemnely reward him with some present of copper, or chaiuc of perle, and bedes, but doth then like\vise (and which tliey take for the mnst em3^lent and supreme favoiu") give him a name auswem-able to the attempt, not mnch ditfonng herein from the anncyent war- like encoiu-agemcut and order of the Romans to a well dc- sening and gfUlaiiit young spirrit. The men fish^ hunt, fowle, goe to the warrsj make the weeres, botes, and auch like manly exercises and all labourer abroad. The women, as the weaker sort, he put to the easier workea, to sow tln.'Lr cornc, to vicx-a] atid clcanHe the namo of eLuke, dodder, and choak weed, and auch likc^ which I 113 mSTORlE OF TRJIVAILB ells would wynd altotit the coriie aud hinder the growtli of yt; for, by rcasun of the rankness uiid histineH of the pvwnd, Buch wcedes spring up very easely aud thick, and if not pluckt awaie, tli« carne would prosper so much the worse; for which they kccpc the hillocks of thcirc come, and the passadg hetwccn (for tlicy sott their wheat as wc doe our hoppes, an equal distance one hill from nuothcr) iuh neat and cleane as we doe our Probably ft truti pooacborrj ; hut Clayton gives the same of "gowo- lierries" to the vaceiniunt stuminearA of Liunmiia. * Leersia Virt/im4M-, WiUd. I but if so, the comparison should bo with rice, (UiU uot with rye. » DiM^yro* Yir^iniana, L. (now called j>n-mwn.) IKTO VUWINU. 119 howbeit, being taken fully ripo, yt is ft reasonable plcaaant frmctj somewhat lushious. I have scene our people put tHem into their baked and sodden pmldings; t!icrc be whose tast allo\re!4 them to be !is pretious as the KugUsh apricock j I con- fesac it is a good kind of horse plumb. Here is a cherry-redd fruict both within and mthout (as I have seenc the like in the Bcntiuflas), whirh wee call the prickle peare;' in the Indies they are well knowne to every common marrynor; they beare abroad, thick, spungeous leafe, fiUl of kemells ; they be like unto the pomcgranct ; the tast of this peare is verie pleasant, and the juyce cold and fresh, like the water in the "West Indian nut called eoeus ; the juyce is sharpc and penetrable like deaJe-wyue,' prescribed |)Ower- fuU against the stone. Here is a fruict by the naturalls called a loaracock;* tlil? groweth generally low, and creepeth in a manner araougst the come (sJbeit I have seene yt, planted in a gardein within our fort, at James Townc, to spred and rise as high as the pale); yt is of the bignes of a queen a-pplcj and hath ninuie nzurine or blew karnellSj like as a pomegranetj and yt bloometli a most sweet and delicate fiower, and yt is a good sommer cooling fruict, and in every field where the Indiana plant their come be cart-loads of them. The macokos* is of the forme of our pumpeons, — I must confesse, nothing so good, — 'tis of a more waterish tast ; the inhabitiuits sccth a kind of miliio/t,^ which they put into their waluut-miike, and so make a kyud of toothsome meat. * Opuraia v\dffaria. Mill. Ttio well-knawn ladiau fig, orpricklj pear. * \.e. Bprucc. * Paxsijlora incarrtata of TJaiiajus. * Gerard notices "the Virginian macocks ot pompion", and also "the Virginian water- melon"'. Tlieae are proliaMy varietioB of the commDn pumpluD, metiT/nia ^le-po, L. ; but tbiii plant is not rogatdod hy AnicTieeQ cultiyated b; the Indians iroco the earliest period. * Melon. 120 UI»TOIUB OF TKAVAfLB lu ApriU^ ^laic, and June, arc groat store of strawberncs^ raspicea/ hurts,^ etc., and noany hcarbs ia the spring time arc conioiily «lisptT»cd tliroiigliout the woodcs, gowi for hroathcs and sallotts, as violetts, piirselin, sorrell, and roses, in their Heaaon, etc., besides many we used whose named we knowc nut. Tt would easilie raise a well-stayed judgement into wonder (aa Sir Thomas Dale hath writt sometimes uuto his majesty's couusell here for Virj^iiia) to behold the goodly vines' burthenin^ every neighbour bush, and cl^'mbiug the toppcs of highest trees, and those full of clueters of grapes in their kind, however drecpcd and sharlowed soever from the sun, and though aever pruned or mimurcd. I dare saie yt, tliai we have eaten there, as full and lushious a grape aa in the viUages betweeue Paris and Amiens, and T liavc dniiiek often of the rathe* wincj which Doctor Bohune and other of our people have made full aa good, a» yoiu" French British wyne. Twenty gallons at a tymc have bene sometimes made with- out any other belpe then by crushing the grape with the band, which letting to settle five or six daie^, hath, iu the drawing forth, proved strong and headdy. Unto what perfection might not these be brought by tliC art and industiy of mauie skil- full vi7i^room's,'^ beiug thus naturally good? And how mate- rial! and principall a coramoditie this maie prove, cither for tlic benefitt of sn.iehwlio shall inhabit there, or toberetwmcd over hither (especially where we niaie have pipe staves to make onr casks of, so chcape, and at hand), 1 preferre yt to Indif- ferent judgements. ' "Raspices" probably LiouipruIiciuJm] all kinds of hlackbcrri«i. The bniQ ntspberry is not iDdigenoUH to thu Uuit«n. - Anckuva Vir^lniana of Liuukub, " Puccoon inJigtiuis divtn, qua so pinguiit Amcriciuii," — Phihiut- But it ajtpcttfn froiii CJIiiytou tliiu tho nutivcH guvo tliu BttUi« iiuino tt> tho " Ijlood-root," mri^wutria auiatlen^U of LinniviiH. Perhiips on« tr other of these (and more prubably tlic latter) uiit^- lie indicated iu the followiug jiaiftgra^h. msTOBXE or TlurAII.E bane^ tbe leaves arc short and thick, somewhut rouud at the upper end i whereas the bcJst tobacco ofT^)^lidado and the Orouoque is large, shnrpCj and growing two or three yardcs from the ground, bearing a flower of the bredth of our bell- flowers in England : the sBlvagea here dry the leaves of this apookc over the fier, and somctjTnes in the sun, and crumble yt into poulder, Rtalks, Icnvet*, and all, taking the same in pipes uf eiirlli, wliieh vcrj' ingeniously they can make. We observe that those Indians M'hicb have one, twoo, or more women, take much, — bnt such as yet have no appropriate woman take little or none at all- Here is also pcllitory of Spaiuc, and divera other symples, which onr appothecarics have geathered and fonnd to he good and int'difiualjle. In the low marishes grow plotts of onions conteyning an acre of ground or more in manic places, but they are small, like the chiballs/ or schallions,' not past the bignea of the toppe of one's thumb : they eate wrll sod or citherwise in aallet or in bakt meats. Oiir people find good and whol- fiome relish in them; howbeit the inhabitants cannot abyde to eate of them ; and these onions doe for the most part appeare in the last season of the yeare, for yt is to be under- atood how the Indians devide the ycare into five seasons, — the winter, which they call popanow, the spring, cattapenk, the sommer, cohattayough, the etuing of their corne, nepeu- ough, the harvest and fall of the leafe, taquitock. They have divers beasts fitt for provision; tbe chief are dcarc, both redd and fallow ; great store in the country towards the heads of the rivers, though not so many amongst the rivera. In oiu* island, about James Towne, are some few nothing differing fi'om ours in England, but that of some of them the autletts of their homes are not so manic. Our peo- ple have secne two hundred, one hundred, and fifty in a lierd. There is a buast they call arocoune, much like a badger, ^ Ciiives^ a'poUe. ^ iSfia&otB, eehalolttt. ISTO VTEGfyiA. 123 tayled like a fox, and of a mingle black and grayisK cullotir, and which uacth to live on trees, as squirrells doe. Excellent meate we kill often of them : the greatest nombcr yet we obt^ue by trade. SquirrclU they have, and those in great plcntic; are very good meat ; some are as great as oiir smallest sort of wild rabbitts, some blackish, or black and wliitc, like those which here aro called silver luiyrwl; hut the most are grey. A smidl beast they have which the Indiana call assopa- nick, not passing so big as a rattj but we ciiJl tbcra flying siluirrcllR, because, sprtmding their leggs, from whence to either shoulder runs a ftaiipc, or fyune, much like a bait's Ting, and 6o stretching the largeness of their skyus, they have bene scene to make a pretty flight from oue tree to another, somctynics thirty or forty yardea. An opussuni is a beast as big as a pretty beagle, of grey cullour; yt hath a head like a swyuc; cares, feet, aiid taylc like a ratt ; she carries liRr yrning ones under her belly, in a piece of her owiie skyn, hke as in a biigg, which nhe eau open and shutt, to lett them out cr take them in, as she plcasctb, and doth thcrt;in lodge, caory, and suckle her young, and eates in tast like a pig. Muscascus' is a beast black in cullour, proportioned like a vator ratt; ho hath a cod within him, which yicldcih a strong scut, like unto musk ; yt is a good meat if the cod be taken out, otherwise the flesh will tast most strung and rauck of the musk ; so will the broath wherein yt is sod. Hares they hare some few about James Townc; hut both in the ishmds aii(5 nmyue, ui) at the falls, and helow about Fort Henry and Cliarks Fort, great store ; howbcit they are DO bigger than our conies. BearcB tliere be monie towardcs the sen-coast, which the Indians hunt most greedily ; for indeed they love them above all other their flesh, aud tlierefore hardly sell any of them 124 HISTOniE O? TEAVAFLE iiiito U9, luUcs upou Ifir^ proffers of copper, beads, tmd batchetta. We have eaten of them, and thoy are rery tooth- fioomc sweet venison, as pood to be eaten as the flesh of a calfe of two yeares old ; Uowbeit they arc very little in com- parison of those of %f nscovia and Tartaria, The beaver there ia as big as an ordinary water do^, but his leg:gs exceeding short ; hia forefeet hke a doggs, his hitider like a swannySj his tayle somewhat like the forme of a rackett, bare, without haire, which, to eate, the sali'ages esteenic a great TO VntBlSIA. M« Their woulves are not much bigger then ourEngliah foxes. Martina, poleeatts, weesells, and monkeys' we knowe they have, because we have seeiie mauy of their skynns, though very seldome any of them alive; hut oue tiling is worth the observing, — we could never perceiive that their flies, serpeuts^ or other vcrmyn, were any waie pemitJous, — when, in the south part of America, they are alwaies dangerous, and often deadly. Likewise, qs th^ have fruicts and beasts, bo have they fowin, and that groat store. Of birrles, the eagle la the greatest devourer, and many of them there : there be divers sortes of hawkes, «i)arhawkcH, lanerettH," gi3»hawkos, faleona, and ospreys; I brought home from thcuce this yeare myself, a falcon, .and a tassell, the one sent by Sir Thomas Dale to his highnes the Prince, and the other was presented to the Earic of Salsbarye, faire ones. AVhat thcprowf of them maiQ be, I have not learned, they prey moat upon fish. Turkeys there ho great atorc, wild in the woods, like phe- sauts in England, forty in a conipnny, as hig as our tame here, and yt is an excellent fowlc, and :«> parsing good meat, as I maye well aaie, yt is the best of any kind of fleali which I have ever yet eaten there. Partridges there aie little bigger then our qnailes I I have knowne of our men to have killed them with their small shott, sometime from off a tree five or six at a shoot. Cranes, white and grey; herons, both grey and white; woosella, or black byrds, witli redd sbowUlcrs ;^ thrushes, and divers sorts of small byrdes, some carnation, Bomo blew, and some other strauuge k}Tides, to us unknowiic by name. In winter there arc great store of swanuea, geese, brants,* duck, widj;eon, dottrel], oxeyes, mallard, teale, sheldrakes. ' Tlioy have no inotikej3 ; possilily Momc of tiiu large species of afiuirrcls, wbich ax« uumerous thfsi'e, may be referred to. * A kiodofliawk. * AgtlaiiU Pheem'ciiii, or red-ahoiilileroii Htoiling. * I?rcnt goeso. 126 BISTORIB OP TaAYAlLE and divers diving fowleSj and of all these sortes^ that aboun- danccj as I dare avowc yt, no coiuitry in the world mayhnve more. Parakitoes I have secne manic in the winter, and knownc divers killed, yet Iks they a fuwle mast swift of wing, their wlngcs and breasts are of a greenish calloiir, with forked tayleM, tluiir Tieadtw, nonic cryiiisen, some yellowe, Bome orange-tawny, very besiuttl'iill. Some of our eolonie who have scene of the Kaat Indian parratts, affirme how they are like to that kynd,' which hHth given ms somewhat the more hoiw of the ncrcnes of the South Sea, these parratts, by all proba- bility, like enough to come from some of the countryes upon that sea. A kind of wood-pidgeon we see in the winter time, and of them such nomhcrs, as I should tlrawc (from our Iiomelings here, such who have scene, peradventure, scarce one more then in the markett) the creditt of my relation concerning all the other in question, yf I should exprcsse what extended flocks, and how manie thousands in one Hock, T have seeue iu one daifij' womlering (I muHt cunfessc) at their flight, when, like 80 many thickucd clowdcs, they {having fed to the nor- ward in the daye tyme) retourue aj^Tiinc more sowai'dly towards night to their rouBt ; but there be maiiio hxmdrcd witnesses, who male connnce tliia my report, yf herein yt tcstifieth an untruth. To the natural! commodities which the countrye hath of (ruicts, beasts, and fowle, wc maie also atldo the no means commoditic of fish, of which, in March and April], are great shoclls of herrings. Sturgeon, great store, ctmimonlic in Maie if the yeare be 1 Tbeae axe of the kind called psiliacict Carotiniensis, wbich belongs CO quite a differeni subdivision from the Indian parrot. s The migratory pigeon {ectopUtes inigratoriiu). For a<:counts of Uia proJi^ous aumber of tbese birds, eoc Wilsua's luid AudubuQ'.i works oo th« biida of Ntirth America, 3>T0 VIEGISIA. 127 forwanl. I have bcene at the taking of some before Alger- nooue fortj and in Southampton river, in the nuddst of March, and they remaine with U9 June, Ju!y, and August, and in that plenty as before expressed in the chapter. Shaddes, great store, of a yard long, and for swcctnes and fatues a reasonable good fish, he is only full of small bones, like our barbells in hluglaud. Grampus, porpois, scales, stingraiea, bretts, mnlletts, white salmons, trotite, soles, playsc, corafish, rnckfish, eclea, lam- preys, cat-fish, perch of three sorts, shrimps, crcfishes, cockles, mushells, and more such like, hke ueedles[8j to name, all good fish. There is the garfish,' some of which are a yard long, small and round like au eele, anil ixa big aa a man's legg, having a long snout fiill of sharp teeth. Oysters there be in whole bancks and bedda, and those of the best : I have scene some thirteen inches long. The sal- vages use to boyle oystera and mussells togither, and with the broath they make a good spoone meat, tliickued with the flower of their wheat ; and yt is a great thrift and husbandry with thera to hang the oysters upon strings (being sbauld and di"ied) in the smoakc, therehyto preserve them all the yeare. There be twoo sorts of sea crabbs, and tlie one our people call a king cralib,* and they are taken in shoall waters from off the ahoare a dozen at a tyme hanging one npon another's taile; they are of a foote in length and half a foote in bredth, lun-ingc manic leggs and a long tayle; the Indians seldome eate of this kind. Thei'e is a kind of shelfisli of the proporciou of a cockle, but far greater, yt hath a smooth shell, not ragged as our cockleaj 'tis good moat, though sorawhat tough. Tortoyses here (such as in the Bermudas) I have seene about the entrance of our bay, but we have not taken of them, but of tlie hmd tortoyses we take and eate dailie; the lUf- ^ A specios ofbdone. ' LimtUtts Pct^htmitt, 1^ lUSTOKlB OF TiUTMLK r ferenoe beUreene which is nothing in shape, but in callour and bigncs, those of the land tire gray with a long tnyle, those of the sea have bhick shells, speckled with jellowe, the bodyes great in compa&se like a tai-gett. Bnt the most straung fish is a small one/ so like the pic- ture of St. George's dragon as possible can be, except the Icggs and wingcs, and the toad fish,^ whieli will swell till yt be like to biir.st when yt eomctli into the ayre. Tlkua yt appeareth, that this country atTordeth manie ei- CcUenl vegitiibles mid living creatures ; yet, I must saie true, of grasse, for the present, there is little or none bnt what gTowetli in low marshes, for all the country is overshadowed with trees, wbose dioppings contynually tui-neth grasac to ■weedes by reason of the rancknes of the grownd, which wonid Boonc be ameuded by good hiiabandrj'. llowbeit, woodcs yt hatli, greatj beautifnll, frnictfull, plea- sant, and ])rolitab]e, the grounds cleaue under them, at least passeable both fur horse and foote. The oake here, for stature and tymber, may compare with any, being so tall and streight, that they will bcare ■* square of good tymber for twenty yardcs long; of this wood there is twoo or thi'cc screraU kyndeSj the acrons of one kind, whose barke is more white then tlie other, is somewbut sweetish, wbiebj being boyled lialfe a daie iu several! waters, at last attbrdes a sweet oylc, whicb they call monohominy : they keepe yt in gourdes to onnoiut their heads and juynts ; the &uict they catc made in bread or otherxnse. There is also elme and ash, of wliich are made sopeashcs. yf the trees be Tcry great, the ashes wilbe verry good, and melt to hard lumps being cax'cfully burned ; bnt if they be small, and suffered to partake too much of the smoak, they wilbe but powder, nothing so good as the other, bcsyde they wilbe very fowle and black. 1 Feihape tho chdydra serpentina. * A species of dlodon. 3 A e|jocio8 of hippocamf/ut, * A similar gap in the original. Of walmitts there be three kindes, the black walnntt,' which is returned home yearly by all 8hii)piiijj from tlicacc, and yickls good ]>rofitt, for yt is well bought up to make wayiiscott tables, cubbardea, chaircs, aud stoolcs, of a delicate grayne and cuUour like ebouic, and not subject to the worme: the finict of this is little, y t ia thiiiiie shelled, and the kamell bitter. Aiinothor kyiid there is, which heares a great frtiict,' with a hard ahcll, and the meat very sweet, and of these the Indians make oyle to droppe their joynts aud smeere their bodies with, which do make them supple and uymble. The third sort' is, as this last, cxceedini; hard shelled, and hath a passing sweet kamell ; this last kind the Indians beat into pieces with stoues, aud putting them, shells and all, into morters, mingling water irith them, with long wooddcn pcs- tcUs pound them so long togjther uutUl they make a kiud of mylke, or oylie liquor, which they call powcohicora. There ia a kynd of wood which we call cypres,'* because both the wood, the fruict, aud leafe, did most resemble yt; and of these trees there are some neere three fathoms about at the root very streightj and fifty, sixty, or eighty foote irithout a braunch- The cedars,^ for aavonr and cuUor, maie compare vrith those of Lybauun, the clymate of the one and the other differing little. Of saxafras* there is plenty enough, the rootes whereof, not monic ycarcs" since, were sold for twenty shillings per lb. and better, and if order maie yet be taken that overmuch quantety be not returned, and that which shalbe brought be 1 JufflaniJi nigra of LinnraUH. ' Pcohahly ihojufflaiis cinena, L., tto"wliitewalnutt"of thesettieri. 8 Probafcly the hiccoTj, Ju^lam Mha, L. * Cupreiswi diatieha of LiuuivuH. Tlio " Hwainp cmlnr'" of the Southern States. * Junipcnte Vir^iniana of LinnrouB, which is not a cedar, bat producei tlie wood wj galled, of which pencils arc ranilc. * Lcturwt fa»anfra*, L. a 130 Hjarous or tiatailk kept in ouc hnud, all Europe nmic be served thereof at good rates. The cedara and saxafrna jjcctld a krnd of gomnie in a amall prtjporcion of themselves; there Imvc bene eoiiclusioiia trvt'd to extract yt out of the wood, but nature affourded j^reatcr quantety then art could produce. There are pines infinite, especially by the sea coast, and raanie other Bortes, the use of vhich are commodious for shipping, pipe-atavc!*, clapbourd,' yardca and masts for ship- ping, and those here arc 8o fairc and large, as a ship of three- hundred tonne hurthnn, culled the Starre (sent thither the last yesire upon purpose fitted and prepared with Ncuppcr- holes to take in tnasta), was not able to atowe forty of the fowcr score, unles they fihould have cut them fihortcr, which is a commoditie, rightly understood, of such moment for this ; kingdome (ail the easterly countryea from whence we have hitherto had them, so ymiioveriahed and wasted as they are not able to furnish liis majesty's navicj witnes how hardly wereohteyned those wliic-h we had last from thence, and those apon his majesty's private and psn-ticular letter to the king of Denmark) as were ynough (yt may be boldly aayd) to nrtakdj good the whole charge of our plantation. By the dwellings of the salvages are bay-trees,' wild roses, and a kynd of low^ tree, which bearca a cod like to the peaSij but nothing so big : we take y^ to be locust,* Crabb trees'^ there be, but the fruict small and bitter, how- beit, being graffcd upon, sooue might we liave of our owne apples of any kind, pcares, and what ells. Besides these fruict-trees, there is a white poplar,^ and another tree' like unto yt, that yichleth a verye eleerc and 1 Board ready cat for the coopw's use. ' Probably laurux Carol iniftutiA of Catosby. * Boltinia pseiulaaicM of l.irni«u». the imaciA of our pUntatioBR ii {irolialjly the Lree moaDt;. * PtfTut coronariaoi Linnreus, a tree diffuriiig alightlj from the Euro- ponn crah. * Popaius fieterofikr/lfa of Linnnus. " J'opidtts fialaami/era of liinnteus. ].N'IK> VIUOINIA. 131 odoriforouBgummc like tui-pentinft, which I havo heard Doctor Buliime, aud same of our fturgoouH there, saic, mftie well ha TRokoned a kynd of balsome, and will heale any f^eene wound. There groweth in tliu iNland of James Towiie a small tree, of leaves, armcs, aud fruict, like tbe mirtle tree, the fruict thereof hath a last with the miiile, hut much more hynding; these trees growc in great plentie, round obont r staudiug pond of fresh water in the middle of the island, the pill oi* rmd whereof is of a great force against inveterate disseiiteri- call fluxes;, of which Doctor Bohunc made open experiment in mauie of onr men labouring with auch diaeaaeSj and there- fore wishoth all such plnaitianft as ahall goc thitlier to make use thereof. For ratncralls wc will prominc nothing- but the hope of which, seeing the low grownd, yiekles manio faire sliewes; the mountaiucs ctumot be doubted but that in them manie sortes will be found : and our people, in their first discovery into the Monocan country discovered two mynca, the one within nix milc« of the head of the falls, which takes the name of Namantaek, the fyuder of yt : which is conceaved wilbc worth the exploring, and with little charge; the other lyes in the myd-waie betweene twoo townes of Monocan, the ncercst colled Mowhemincke, the furthest, Massinnacoek, distant one from another fourteen miles, of whose goodncs there is no doubt, since the »parre only taken no further then two or three foote into the earth nifonrdes mettall worth the labour. And eoncerning a silver-myne, not far from the same place, an Helvctiim, one William Henrick Faldoe, aa- siired oiu- Lord Geuerall, and therefore made hia provisiou for the search thereof; and having bene in England, made camcat suit unto our tln-easourcr and hia Majestie's counaaile resident for Virginia, with whorao he contracted, aud cutred into coudicions for one yeare and a halfe for the full perform- aunce of this norke ; but his lordship being not at that time enabled with sufficient eompanie to make good that scareli, 180 IIISTORIR OF TBAVAILB by raising forts and planting bo far into the country (which only must have secured tlie workemen) , y t hath pleAsed God, since that tymc, that the said Helvetian hath died of a burn- ing fever, and with him the knowlcd^ of that mync, which, in hia life-time, he would not be drawn to reveyle unto any oue ells of the colonic : aud there is extant an old plott, which his Lordship hath shewed me, wherein, by a Purtugall, (lur sent is layd uut, aud iu the same, two silver mjaies pricked downe; and at the head of the said falls, the Tudiaus there inhiibitiug tip their arrowes with cristall, and we fynd manic piece* scattered in the gritt and sand of the same, where, likewise, on Pembrook aide. Sir Tliomaa Dale hath mentioned, in his lettres to the lordships of the Couusailc, of ft j;oodlie iron myue ; and Capt. Newport hath brought boniu of that mettell so sufficient a triiiU, as there liath bene made sixteen or seventeen tonne of iron so good, as the East Imlian marchanta bought yt of the Vir^nian Compauie, pre- ferring yt before any other iron of what country soever; and for copper, the hills to the norwest have that store, as the people tliemsclvcs, reraerabred in the first chapter, called the liocootauwanaukcs, are said to part the solidc mcttall from the atone without fire, bellowcs, or additamant, and boat it into plates, the like whereof is hardly found iu any other parte of the world : likewise Capt. ArgoU (as his Lordship beares record in his printed uairatiou), in the river Potawo- meck, found a myne of antimony, which, aa aforesaid, never dwells siugle, but holds assured legue with quicksilver, as like- wise a myne of lead ; and wc heai'e the Indians moke mauic particular discriptions of aUam myncs to the southward. Lastly, that tlie lakes have pLM'les yt ciumot be doubted, for we ourselves have seen manic chayncs and bracelctts worne by the people, and wee have found plcutie of them in the sepulchres of their kings, though discoloiu-ed by burning the oystea's in the ficr, and deformed by llie grosse boring. And thus (to conclude), we male well saie how these poore 1 INTO VmOINLl. 133 people have manie morntll goocles, sitch as are by accidens pleutifuU ynough amongst them : aiid as much (poore sowles) as they come short of those bona mora/ia which are per se, for the coimtrie (who sees not by what hath bene sayd?) is not 80 barren, ill destyncd, and wretched, under au uuhappy constellation, but that yt hath (even beside necessary hclpes and commodities for life) appai-ent proufes of many nsiturall riches, and which are all bona fortuna. Again, they are lieiUthie, which is bonum corporis: nor is nature a stepdame unto them concerninge ^e\r aptas inenihrorum coin.j)o8Uione$; only (God wot] I must grauut, that bonum morale, as afore- said, which i^per se, they have not in medio, wliich is in mr- tute ; and then, how can they ever obtayne yt in ultimo, which is in fielicitttte ? To teach them both, which is the end of our planting amongst tliem; to Ictt them knowc what ver- tue and goodnes is., and the reward of both ; to teach them religion, and the crowne of the righteous j to acquaint them ■ft-ith grace, that they maic participate with glorie; which God graunt in mercye unto them. JINIS Lia. I. DECAD. PEIMI. THE SECOND BOOK THE FIB8T DECADE OP THE HISTOBIE OF TRAVAJLE INTO VIRGINIA BRITANNIA, entreating op the first discoveries of the CODNTRT, AND OF THE FIRST COLONIE, TRANSPORTED BY SIR RICHARD OREENVILE, KNIGHT, UPON THE ISLAND OF ROANOAK, AT THE EXPENCE AND CHARGE OF SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT. AS ALSO OF THE NORTHERN COLONIE, SEATED DPON THE RIVER OF 8ACHADEH0C, TRAN8P0BTED ANNO 1585, AT THE CHARGE OF SIR JOHN POPHAM, KNIGHT, LATE LORD CHIEFE JUSTICE OF ENOI.AND, GATHERED BT WILLIAM STRACHEY, GENT. PBAtM on, TBB. 18. " Tliia Bhalbe written for the geoeration to come : and the people which shalbe created ehall praise the Lord." BOOK THE SECOND. CAPUT I. Of the first diEcovoric In generotl of AnLorica, being certain islands be- loDgiug to thu mayac, by Columbus, anna 141)2 ; of the discoverio of the majne, or contioent to the so-ward, Ijr Vosputius Americuif anno 14fl7, who gave it to niime AmoricA ; of Cabot his discoTcria from Florida tiorward, for the behoof of King Hunry Til, anno liOJi. WttETHEE that ever famous Genoese, Christopher Columbus, were sufficiently learned, tlmt by reading of didiie allej^ories, named Tlwwifcs, of Plato, whose subject is of the iiniversull nature and frame of the wliole world, under the person of a aiihtile and misterious priest, old Cricia, of Egypt, discoursing to Solou, an auncient and superaimuat history of an island, in tyme of great antiquity, called Athlantides/ lying to the west, by which Columbus might instruct his laboring under- standing with a greater clicmes, thnt more then probable yt was the auu and moone, and all ye faier eyes of heaven, did not looke dowue from above, nor shedd their influence uppon the things put under the bearaes of the wandriug and lowest pinnnctt confyncd only to Europe, Asia, and jVirica, running thereby half their courses without proffitt and in raine, shyning upon the solitary waters and desolate places empty and desolate of man and other living creatures ; or whether Columbus, being a great cosmographer, did well observe, tlmt Asia, Kiu-ope, and Africk, eoucerniug the longitude of the world, did cunteyn iu them but 180 visible degrees, and there- fore did couocave yt to be moat likely, that in the other 180 > Orittas. Plato gives the lULtne of Orittas to one of his dialogues, and introiliiccs bim also in tbt^ 7'imietu. In both of tLese dialogues occur allusians to the tahlfid AtlantiB. T 138 BISTORIE OP TRATAtLS tM poilerity, to lllP ftlll tQ wofek. It ol ■udi iiB|h»rt - not lid Utri- lilltcd H> Uly atbrrnulJi'hi' Ilivu lu Gud- A com J 111. bb Knturall t>niug creatures; or whether Columbus, by his eutertaynnumt of a Biscan pilot (a« the Spsniftrds^ ambitions of their countrycs fame, will have yt), arriBinj» (after many stowcrs and stormeii in an old carravcUj brused and weather-beaten) in the island of Madera, for his hospitalhty aud friendly curtesycs, had bequeathed unto him by that dying pilott, all his cardcs and sea inatruments, by which he was therby first moved to seek the lands of anti- podes and tlic ricli island of Cipaugo (whereof Marcus Pawlus wiiteth, and Peter Martir, before his decades of the ocean, remembrcth the same) ; or whether yt nowe pleased the Etcruall Wisdome, in His due and appointed tyme, that those misteries and becrets of His goodly workmanship of His, should to His utmost bounds be extended, reveylcd, and laied open, and thuiie goodly nations and ample regions discovered, which He had seated even beneath the pole starre, and under the equiuoctiall lyne (which left our philosophers and poetts noe lielief, that they might pusscbly be habitable); or whether all these joyntly concurring (for which how mtich are we bound to that mighty and mcrcyfidl Pru^idcnce, whoj in our tvmes, would vouchaafe to lett us sec these .so many riches, wonders, and salvation of nations, the tentimimy of His great love unto us, which He had, with strong barrs as yt were, shut up from our forefathers) to make good the prophesy of rever- end Seneca: — Vcaient annia Secula seris ; quibiis occadub Vincula rcruiii In.xet, et iugctut Pateat ToIUie, TypUisque novos Dctegat orbcit, Nee sit terris ultiinA. Thyl«. IX-ra VIRGINIA. 139 Thus in English ; — That iig« shall C9me> iiUpelt, in latter tymes, When as the se^ shall ope ber lockt-u[> bawndii, And iiiiglitj' lands appoftM : naw heiivcns, new cljnies SbuO Typhis bring to knowlctlg, and uuw giownds, New worlds display: then shall ntn Thule be The fEU-tbest nor-wMt is!© our ayes ahull bud. Wlietlier of these, or whither all tlic30 I saye, have brought these discoveries to passe, which hfive found out this straung and new lialf world, true yt is, we ftnd that Columbus, with three shippes and two huiidjod and twenty Spaniards, in the yearc of Christ [1493] sett forward on his voyagCj about the kalends of September,' from the islands of Gadez, nppon the month of Gibralter, and after aondry caaualtiesj and the chaunccs of sea, at length fell upon the islands Dominica, Cuba, etc., which since have bene called by the names of the West Indye Islands. And five yeares after him was Vesputius Americus set out by the same king- of Castile to discover the continent, who, likewise, as Columbus, happcly pcrfourming the same^ gave unto yt his owne name, which it ever siucc hath reta^iied, namely, America. The considcracion of both these voyages, so famous and notorious in those dayeH,moved the royaU heart of king Henry VII (after yt had much repented him for rejecting the first profcr of Columbus, who would have made him lord and king of those golden islands, and for which no prince was better fitted, having at that tyrae the goodliest navyc of any kingc in Christendome) , who, therefore, furnished forth a skilful! and expert navigator, one John Cabot, a Venetian, howbeit, eudenizcd an English subject, and at that tyme, govemour of the companye of the marchants of Cathay in the citty of London, to make discovery of what was left un- toucht at, or unsurveyed by Columbus and Americua, upon '< He aail&cl od the third of August, 140S. 140 niSTOHIE fIF TIHVAn.K those new and unknon^c lands for hia behoofe, in Anno M95 sett fortli, fell to the soward of America (to that part afterwards called Florida, liy Joliaune& Poutius, of Leon/ because by liim, on Palme-»oiiday,dwcovered, 1512, which the Spaniards call PuHca Florida), and from thence layde open and aiuiexed to the crowne of England all the coast of Meta In- cognita. So as true yt is, that this portion of America, which ■we call ours, and whcrcunto both Sir W. B,[alcgh], twenty yearcs sinccj and upward, and we have nowe for thcHe six yeai'cs addressed our divers forces and several! colouycs for plantation, by a princely godmother, her renowned late majesty, of famous moniary, iu witnes of her owne well- chosen vertuca, baptized by the name of Virginia, concludinge (indeed) under that denomination (as the auueycnt poetts did nil Itsdy by the nnrne of Latiiim) all the bounds and regions, both to the south and norward, fiom 30 to 44 degrees, togitbere with the manie islands adjacent thereunto, is no other then the same first ccmtincnt and tract of land, which the said Venetian, old John Cabot, the father, discovered, from whom only, indeed, we laye our earliest elayine and in- terest (as we niaye right well) to this coimtry. And sure, albeit from tlic tymc, after that first disco- very (duiing some yll destined few ycares, wherein our home oecasioii-s tnipnrtinied the rpsidenec within our owne ports, both of our men and shipps), our voyages hither for a while might seeme to lye slumbering, yet oiu* tytlc coidd not there- by out-slcepe ytself, nor were oiu- Kiiglish spiritts so sunck ■with the tyme, aud many sliippes mIucIi tempt the wide seas in the like new aeai-chea, as that -we abandoned our hopes and fortunes thither, 1 The reader will easily Kcognixe the namo of Juaa Poooe do Lcoa, the discoverer of Fioridd, ^ Upnti tliB comparative TLgcnt^ of John and Sckiutian Cabot, Ke< IcarDed diuserttttiotie hy ]ti<](]lv, — "Memoir Df Sebastian (.'-aliot," nhap. 5,— and bj Fruer Teller, in oppositioD, in tbc appendix to Itis " Progreas of Dlicoveiy on the Jforthem Coiuts of America". INTO VIBGESIA. 141 We shall find^ however, the far famoiw king Henry VIII (full of many impatient and personall, as well domestick troiiblea, as warrs abroad) could not attend the sccoAding his royall father ia hia enterprize, any other then giving leuve to a voluntary fiyer or twoo in a sliipp called the Deun Nobiscum, to run upon new searches ;' yet his noble sonnc, prince Kdward VI, entred into so serious considtatiojis of the same, as he gave, therefore, to Sebastian Cabot, borne at Biutoll, Sonne to the father John Cabot, a large pencion out of his trcasurj*, and constituted lum in the Triiiity-howne, gramid pilot of England, in the second yeare of \m raiguc, and in the yeare of grace 1548, to undertake againc a new search of these straiing lands; and had not that tuwardly yong prince too unhiippely ben cutt of by an xuitymely des- tine, he had prosecuted both what the too too affecting Koomc (the otherwise faiiltles) qvciene Mary neglected, {thongh pcr- happs not with out some princely and economlck colour of reason), by contracte to the Spanish Fhillipp, whose pretence of right might well debarr the proceedings in any such prac- tice then, when our Spanishe harts and Romish Cathohques dare yet to make good his title unto all this fourth quarter of the world, by tlie donation of a Pope (though against all the rules of justice, prescription, or equality), as also what our never enough admired late sovcraig^e, qneeneEhzabetL, did anew revive, and gave a fresh birth andspiritt unto, somc- tj-mc under the discharge of one, sometymc of another^ irntill at length yt discendcd xmto and settled in Sir Walter Kawley, unto wLome and his heires, her majesty, in the twenty-sis yeare of her rcigne, and anno 1584-, at Westminster, gave a ' Biddle, in the ainth chapter of his "Memoir of Cabot", bringB a rari^ty of evidence to shew that the two Hhips whiuh Hu.ilm) to tho west from fiDgUnd in 1527 tcu« of which nas rejiorWcI hy IlBtlujt to have beeu named the '' Bominus Nobiscum") were cAuied the " SatiisoD," iind the " Slary of Guililforcl," and that the niuiii! " Doniiuus Noliiscum" waa e recorded. That the name was a pure inTentiou, aeuuts, how- : 142 HISTOUIK OP TRAVAILB large patent, from 33 to 40 degrees of latitude, who, therefore, the same ycare, in April, sent out Capt. Phillip Amatlas and Capt. Arthur [TJarlow] Florida norward, the whole coast of Cape Britton, so called of the people of St. Malo, who first found and fell with it, and the 4th of July following, they arrived upon the coast in a harborow called Ilatorask, in the height of 3G ajul one 3d, and the 13th put out their small hoates, and roning seven leagues from that harborongh, came to an island called Uoanoak, where they landed and tookc possession of the country iu right of the queeue's majestic, and after delivered the same over againc to the use of Sir W. Ealegh. CAPUT n. Of the discovoiy, more in perticiiler, of the country of Winganiiccoa tbe isle of Roinoik, hy Cftpt. AmmluB and Capt. Barlow, for thai tcboufc of Sir W. lUlcigb, who, preeentiiig their tmrailes chereio, and tho cart of the coast to hei Majestic, baptized the country I>y the uiiuio of Virginia. When they firat had sight of this conntry, some thought the first laud they saw to be the continent ; but after they had entred the haven, they saw before them another mighty long Bca, for there lyeth along the coaat a tract of islands two hundred miles in length, adjoyuing to the ocean sea, and hetwccne the islands two or three cntraimces. \Vhen they were entred hetweene them (these ifilaiuls being very narrow for the most parte, as in most places six miles broad, and in some places lesse, in some more}^ then there appeared the other great sea, contoyning in breadth in some places forty, and in some fifty, in some twenty miles over, before the con- tinent be come nntOj which continent the Indians call Win- gaudacoA; and iu this inclosed sea there are about one hiindred islands of divers bigues, whereof the aforesaid lioanoak, fifteen to sixteen miles long ; a plcasaunt and fer- tUl grownd, full of sedars, »axafras, currants, flax, vines. iK-ra vmoisiA. 143 dcnrc, conies, bares^ and the tree that beareth the lind of black synamon, of \rliich like Capt. Winter brought from the StreightH of Miigellaun, and mauie other commadityes and riches, the particulars whereof are more at large to be seeuc ia Mr. Hariott's diseourse. The chief king's name, governing at that tyme, they fowndc to be Winffina, his brother, Qaangimino, whose wife and daughter came abourd oiir discoverers' barkcs, who were about their forehedd a band of white corall, and earings of pearlc. The river before Roanoak,' and which runneth from thence up to the citty Skicoak, they call Occam ; upon which like- wise standcth the townc of Pameik, six dayes' journey from the aforesaid graet citty, called Skicoak, to the so-ward. And in this river Occam falleth too other great rivers; the one called, Cipo, wherein arc great store of the pcrle muscles, the other called Nomopana, upon which standeth Chawa- Qookc, not subject to the king of Wingaudagoa, but ia a free state, under a lord, at that time, called Pooneno; beyond which province is another absolute king likewise, called Menatoiion ; and these three kings were then in league. From Hattoraak, to the so-ward four daics journey, they discovered Socoto, the last townc southwartlly of the bounds of Wingandacoa, ncere unto which^ twenty yeares before these tymes, a shipp was cast away; some of the people whereof, in an out island called Wococon, saved themselves ; and after three wcckcs aboard there, fastened two Indian canoas togither, and, mth their shirts for sailes, made out, but were Hoonc cast away, and the boats found wrcckt upon the out islands. And with thus much knowledg of the country, and some commodityes from the salvadgcs obteyued, as chamoyse, 1 hy the river before Roanoak h>e nouH appear to aic&n Albemarle Souiid ; but according to I>« Dry's map, Skicoak sUmd* on N&ndsamund riTcr, which fallii into the ChcsApeake. 14-1 HISTOaiB OP TRAVULB hnSe, aud dcare skyns ; twenty skynes, worth twenty noble*, for a tyn dish, aud of other skyus, fifty, worth fifty crownes, for a cupper kettle, and a bracelett of pearic, aa bigf? as peuie, brought liomc and delivered to Sir W. l{jilci»h, the didcoverent returned, and about the midst of September fol- lowing, arrUwl in the west of Kngland with t\ro of the native people, one WanchcsCj and the other \runtca, brouglit along with them. CAPUT III. Sir Richard Qr«nvile, g&nerall of the ilrst oolonie of one hunilred bo houldert. Am'.R the relation of this discovery up unto Sir TT. Raleigh by the said captftiues, that part of the country about Roan- oack (beyond which lielh the maiiic laiid) was conceaTed to be an apt and likely phice, both for seat aud riches, for a colony to be transported unto; whereupon, the next ycarc following, anno 1585, Sir W. Riileigh prepared a fleete of seven sailes, with one hundred howaliolders, aud many tliiugs necessary to begin a new State, which in Aprill departed from Plymouth ; Sir Richard Greenvilc gcnerall' of the nainCj accompanied with many choyse and principal] gentlemen, — Mr. Ralph Lane, Mr. Thomas CandLsh, Mr. John Arnndell, Mr. RcjTnond, Mr. Stukcly, Mr. Bremige, Mr. Vincent, Mr. John Clark, and divers others, some captaincs, aud other assistents, for councell and good discretions in the voyage, all and everj' of which, in their severall places, refused no travaile of body, nor carefulncB of mynil, to lay the fonnda- cion and beat the path to that great and goo«- dition. TYm governoratiji who cuuiuiiltc4 to Mr. Ralph Lane. INTO VIRGIKU. 145 and to tbe never Aying fame and honour of those nohle and priiisc worthy spiritts wbo shall personally travel! in the same. The most of this flecte hy tlie twentieth uf Juno fell with the niJiitie of Flnridii, ami keeping by tin; const, were in some daunger the twenty-fifth of a general wrack on a heach called the Cape of Fcarc; but the tweiity-sixtli ancored safe at Wocokon, by Secota, four daies' journey aliort of Hatoraak, where tlic Admirall, tlii'ough the unskilfulucs of the master, Btroak on grownd, as she was to be brought into the harbour, and sunk, and from w}icncc tlic general! sent to Wiuf^uia, the K[mg] at itoanoak, to advertize of hia ai'rivall, as like- wise he sent to tlie maiuc Mr. AnnuhiU, with Mauteo the salvadgc, and Capt. Aubry, and Capt. Bouitcu, to Croatoan, where they fownd two of their men left therSj with thirty other, hy Capt. Raymond, who fell with that place eertayue dayes before. Lykewysc from henee the gencrall, well aecom]iamed in his tilt boat with divers of the gentlemen aforesaid; and Mr. IlajTiott, nith twenty others, following in a pynuace ; Capt. Ama(i|>ik lull rivrr ot ti tbr rayn ■t CD^cr llwrriQ. of October followinge, vith a prize, a Spanish shipp of three hundred tonne, arrived in Plyiimouth. The party c'lihirvtics of such businesses as were performed by Mr. Uidph Lane, the enpt»ine« and gentlemen, anil the rest of the colony, to the ntmiber (as afort^nid) scene in the booke of the discoTcrieB.' Only I cannot but remember and mencyone the river of Maratock,* up vhich the Mangoags have tnifiiquc, and which ri\*er opcncth into the browl sound of Weapemciock, running with a violent current from tlic west and sowcst, as l)roiul as the Thames betweenc (ireenewich and the Isle of Doggs, and as London-ljrulge upon a vale water; the head being thirty (laicR from Uoanoak, which head springuth out of a mayne rock in that nhountlance, that forthwith yt niaketh a most violent streamc, and which rock staudctb soe necre unto a seaj that manye tymes in storraeji, the wind ai-rising outwm-dly from the seiij tlie waves thereof are bcatcu into the said ii'esh strcame, soc that the fresh ivater, for a certaine space, groweth RoU mid bnickisb, mid which Maratock, by Mr. Hamott's opynion, either arriseth out from the Bay of Mexico,' or ells from very neere unto the name, that openeth out of the Soutli Sea. T]m rifer maketh promise of great tilings, for np the same the Mangongs have recourse and tniffique in a pi-ovince called Clauuis Temontfin,* where there is a mar\-ellou8 and most straiiiif^e minenill, to the Chawanooks, and all tlie people to the westward, most notorious ; the mincrall they call wass;i- dor, which is copper, but they call by the name of waasador every mettcll whatsoever: tbey snieyt is of tlieculloiu* of our copper, but our eopjjcr (saie they) is better then theirs, and 1 lie dwulitlcBS refers to Ilnkluyt. ' The river ugw called Roaiioko. 3 Tbc rircr Roanoke rises m the AUegtianks, Moatgoiuer; county, Virginia. * Whether Ihis siicUiiig, or tlifit used Viy tho author s few lines lower down, be the coirvet onu, the \:ditor hnii l>cuii uiiaUu to duiiidu. INTO VIIIGWIA. 117 the rcnituii is because yt is rodder and harderj whereas that of Chanius Tcnioaian is very soft and pale. The manner of taking of which mettell out of tlic river, I rcferr to the dis- course at hirdg, imd of miiiiy things cUs therein contcyncd, especynJIy of the Creaehery of many of the sHviige weroauces, tu the rooting out and cutting off the whole colouy, aa of Peniipan, of RofiTinak, Okiseo, kiuf^^of Wi^oprafiiGck, with the Miiiiduugs, and the Chesupciaiis, with seven hundred iipiioii the mayne of Dasaniauquepeio ; as also how Mr. Lane ac* quitted himself of their eouspiracic, as not altogither neces- sary for tliis place, I overpasse. Only be yt rememhnid how, that after tlie colony had la- boured herein many searches, and acquired many knowledgea, eleaven monthes expectiiif; the retume of their generall with a franek and new supplye out of Englandj and hejug in xtime wants for neccssaryc and fresli victnalla, had dispersed tliem- selves into sondry parte of the countrye, the better to be fitted and accommodated witli thn provisions thereof, Capt. Stafford lyving then, willi twenty in Iiis company, in Croatan, my lord admirall's island^ about the bcoriuuiug of June, had escried a great 6eet of many shippes uppon the coasts, standing in, as he conceaved, for Hatorask, of which he gave speedy intelligence unto the fort at Uoanoak, ivho were not a little amazed with the nomherof the shippoS; not conceaWng what they miglit be; in the midst of which douhtfulnea of theires, the whole fleet arrived in the road of the bad harboroM' of IlKloraskc, and was soonc found to be Sir Fraunccs Drake and his company, returning home this way from the sacking of St. Domingo, Carthagena, and St. Augustine, who, sending his boats off to Roanoak, and ha\iug intelligence fi'om the goveruour, of the condicion of which the colony then stood, of their many wants, and daylie expectance of supply from i'juglnnd (the generall, by piouiise, a|)poiutiug to hnvc bcuc there by the first of the spring], Kir I'Vaunccs Drake much commending their patience and noble spirittSj and applauding lis HIS-mitlE OK TlLiVAILK SO good im Bccioii, consulted with liia cnptaines^ and con- cluded to It'ttTc them u barke of seventy touue, colled the FriiiiiiciM, to servo them upon occasions, with two pinnacL's, four small boats, and two experiniuntod sua jimistoi-s, Abra- liam Keudall, and Griff'eth Heme, to tarry with them with a supply of collivcrs,' huud-wcnpons, nmtrli, lead, toolea, appa- rell, and such like, with rictuails for one hundred men for four inontlit's ; iil] wliieli, whilst they were in himd^ in all ha«t to be prejMired for them ; and in two duica, almost dis- jmtdit, the officers acceptiii}^ of thetr chai^, and the two maisters busy aboard the said appointed harhc. The 1.1th of the said mouth of J uue, there arrose such an unwonted stormc, and oontynued four dales, that had like to have driven the whole ilcct a ahoare. The only shift was to weigh anchor and put to sea to save themselves ; and [they being] in the somo barke apjwiuted to stay, [she] freeing herself, was carried with the violence of the storme ao far in fower riayesj that at length she was forct to make for England, with others of the flcctc. Howheit, Sir Prauncis Drake, nding yet out nfter the storme, ejcainyniiig the losac, would have left them another goodly shippj of the burden of one hundred-and-seventy toiiue, called the barke Botincr, with inaisttTS uiid gnydes to tany there ; hut yt being better considered, and the harbour BO uufitt fur a ship of that burthen to be whiter roader in, and many other things considered, the determinacion of all was altered, and yt w:ts conceaved more convenient to take i all the planters and come for England, which, unhajipely, was ftccordingly performed, and soc, the IWth of June scttinir !*iule, the 27th of July they arrived in Portsmouth, Anno 1586. I Doulit1es6 a uulvorin ^ that word Wing ruk*mouth. Uppon this arrirall he left not to soUicyte for a supplye; accordingly he sent betymea the next yeare, and as carefiill ■was Sir W, Rdeigh to provide him; howbeitj snch were the occasions of the ymploymeut of our shippes iu '88 and the yearc follo\Ting, that yt was March 1500 before Captain White coiJd be dispatcht for V irgiuia, who then, with thiY;e shippes, pnt to sea from Plymouth, and the 2Srd of July had Riglit of the cajx; of Florida, and the broken islaudca thereof, called the Martyrs, and the loth of August came to an anchor at Hutarajik, from whence he mau'd two boats to row to Roanoak, shooting ofl' twoo mynions and a falcon,'^ to give waniiug to the colony ; but the billow was ao rough, aud tbe wynd rose so high at norwcst, and the indiscreet atecragc of the master's mate in a boat where a chief captaine was (Cap- titinc Spiccr), such a dangerous sea breaking on the quarter oversett yt, aud the boat twice or thrice turned tbe keile up- ward^, nor eoidd the men save thcmstdves in swymmiug in so great a sea, insomuch, that of eleven, seaven of the cbiefest were drowapd, Captaine Spacer himself and six more. * The nmme tt this &Tst Anglo-Americim was Virginia Dare. Sbo vfoa bom AugUiit iHth, IS87. ' Names of pieces of orilnance. 153 iiiaroaii: op tratailb T}ic nliicfa mtschauncc did so much discomford the lazic and iinfHitlifull saylers, that ilicy were all in aii itproarc luid niurinore not to go any further to scekc the planters; how- beil, t^ajitaine While and Ca[itaine Cooke TOnipcUed thcin, wlio, thereforBj being nineteen persons in both boats, put off from Hataraifk once more, and rowed to that parte of the island of Roanoak where the colony was left seated ; but yt was 80 darkc Iniforc they fell with tho ahoare, that they ovcr- ehott the place a quarter of a mile, where yet espicing of a light towards the north end of the island, they made towards yt, and letting fall their grapuell* neere the shoare, sounded with a trumpctt a call, and afterwards many familyer English tnncs and aonga, and called out fticndly to the shoareward, but all the while had no aiiawere. At brejike of day they landed, and went through the woodcs to that part of the is- land directly over against Dasamantiucpeuk, and from thence retiuiied by the water-sydc rownd about the uortheren point of the island, untiU they came to the place where the colony was left 158G. Some tracts of feetiug they found, and upon a &andy banck, on a tree, curiously carred, these romaiue letters, "Cito", which gave thnm hcipc tlicy might be removed to Croatan, for their agreement v.as^ indeed, to remove when Captaine White left them, llowbcit, Captaiue WTiite sought tbcm 110 turther, but missing them there, and his company havinge other practizes, and which those tymcs afforded, they returned covetous of some good suecesac npou the Spanish fieete to returne that yeare from Mexico and the Indies, — neglecting thus these unfortunate and betrayed people, of whose end you shall yet hereafter read in due place in this decade. IWTO VIBOINIA. 153 the Br. Uon. Eatle at 8uLilhiunp- tou, CAPUT V. The unfaithfulnes of suoli who wew imploycd miscarried the colony. Thus SlrW. Raleigh, weried with so greiit an expeiiee, and abused with the UDiaithfiJiies of the ymploycti, after lie had sciit (as ynii maye see by these five severall tymes) coUoiiies and snppUes at tiis owne charges, and nowe at lengtli both himself and \m successors thus hctraycd, he was even nowe content to submit the fortune of the poore men's lives, and Ucf of the holy acciou ytself, into the favour and ^jrotcccioa of the God of all mercy, whose will and pleasure he submit- ted unto to be fulfilled, as in all things ells, so in tliis one particulcr. By which meanes, for seventeen or eigbteen yeares togeatber, yt lay Ticglcctcd, untill yt pleased God atjj,, ^^^^ length to move ngaine the heart of a great and right noble '■^"-;*''.^J■ carlo amongst us, ''Candidus ct tiJos a vwticc piUcIicr ud iinoa," Henry Earle of Soutliamptou, to take yt in consideration, and seriously advise how to rccreat and dipp yt anew into spiritt and life ; who thcrfore (yt being bo tlie will of the Etemidl Wisdome, and so let all Cliriatian and chaiitable hearted believe in compassion to thia people) begunii to make new enquiries and much scmteny after the country to ex- amync tlie former proeeedings, togithcr with the lawfulnes jind pious end thereof, and then, having well weighed the greatues aud gooilnes of the cause, hv. lartlgley contributed to the furnishing out of a shipp to be eoraanntlcd by Capt. Bartholomew Gosuoll and Capt. Bartholomew Gilbert, and occompanycd with divers other gentlemen, to discover con- venyent place for a new colony to be sent thither, who ao- cordingly, in March, anno IfiOS, from Falmouth iu a bark of Dartmouth, ealled the Concord, sett forward, holding a smmirii course for the north parte of Virginia. At which tyme, like- ,i!*pniX'd wise. Sir W. Raleigh once more bought a bark, and hired uU Hini« hy sir 1S4 HISTORIB OP TSJkVAJLE llir compttnye for wnges by the month, jinplnying therein, for chief, SuuueU Mbcc^ (a suOieycut inarriuer, who kml been twice before at VirKinialj to fyud out those people which he luul sent last thither (as before renicii linked) by Cipt. White, 1587; and who, if so be they could huppcly light iippon ihcin, were like enough to instrnet us the more per- fectly in the quality of the mitives, nud coudieion of tlie approved couiitr}-, which harke (h'parted from WajTnouth the snid moiietti of Miireh, iiniio, likeinise, 1602, to hold a louthwardly course for \''irginia, and which accordingly fell forty Iragtiea to the wi-westwanl of Ilatanisk, iu 3V degrees, or tbcreabouts, and having there spent a nioneth tmdiiig with the people for their owne, when they BCOureise thiiii a lrH{»ui: of tlio slioare, where, in Newfoundland, they fish forty or fifty fathome water, nnd fur off ujiun the hauek. This hcndhind, therefore, they called Cape Cod, from whence they sayled round about the same almost all the points of the compassc, the shoare very bold; atleug:th they came amongst many faier islands, three cspccyally, those which they had discerned upon the land, all Ijing within a league or two one of another, and not above six or seven leagues irom the maync ; the one whereof Capt. GosnoU called Martliaes Viniard, being stored with snch an incredible nombre of vynes, as well in the woody parte of the island, where they rnune upon every tree, as on the outwai-d parts, that they could not goe for treading upon them ; the second, full of dcare, and fowlc, and glistering minerall stones, hc called by his owne name, Gosnoll's Island ; the third, about some sixtene miles in eompasse, contej-niugmany pecees and necks of land little difterlnge from severall islands, sa\'ing that certaiue hancks of small breadth, like bridges, seemed to joyne them to this island, he called Elizabeth Island. Upon this island they did sow, for a tryall, in sondry places, wheittc, barley, oats, and pease, whicli in fourteen dayes were sproung up uyne inches and more. On the nor-west side of thi& island, nccre to the sea-side, they found a standing lake' of fresh water, almost tliree English miles in coinpasse, in the midst whereof stood a little pretty plott or grove of wood, 1 He would seem to refer to the lake, or rather lake*, aokr Middle- borough, Plymouth county, MAEa»chii setts. RD acre in quantity, or not much above ; the lake full of tortoiacSj and exceedingly fircr|wenterl with all sorts of fowie, which hn^ild, snnin lowe ou the baiicks, and others on low ti'ccs about the hike, iu great abouudaucc, whose youugc oues theye tooke and eate at their pleasure j also therein they found divers sorts of shelfisb, as shallops, niushcUs, cockles, lobsters, crabs, oysters, and Milks ; audi the maync against yt lijul maiiye nieinlovvcs, large, and lull of greene grasae, even in the moat wooddy places, the trees growing so distinct and apart, one tree from another, as was passable for horse or coacli, with a broad harborow^ or river's mouth, which ran up into yt, moat comodious, and promising a goodly seat. The people theron (for ihey will appeare forty or fifty at a tyme togither upon the water lu sevcrall cauoas) would come downe and trade for ftirs of beavers, InzenioSj inarternea, otters, wild eatt sk}^Is, scale 8k^^ls, and other beast' sliines to ours imknowne, and which they would exchange for knives, babies' bcades, and such toyes. There wltc also great store of copper about them, some very redd, and some pallfir cullour. None of them but had chaines, earings, and coUcrs of this mettall, as also they had large driuckiiig cupps made like skulls, and other thine plates of copper, made much like our boarspeare blades; and when our people vrcrc desir- ous to understand where they had such store of this mettell, and made signes to them concerning the same, they tooke a pcece of cupper in their hands, and made a hole with their Angel's in the growud, and, witUall, pointed to the higher growndes. Within the aforesaid grove, in the midst of the lake men- tioned, Capt. GosnoU did dctermyne, with eleven more be- sides himself, v'ho promised to tarry with him, to aitt downe and fortcfyc, pnrposing to send the pynnace heme into Eng- land by Capt. Gilbert, for new aud better preparations, to be returned the nest ycare agaiuo ; and for the same purpose he built a large howse, and covered yt with sedge, which J 158 UlSTOJtlll or TIUVAUil grew Jibout the lake in great aboundaucc, in buylding vhercof were three weekes and more spent. liut nfter the trading with the Indians, and t)ic bark had tukon in ao iimiiy furm, skjns, some eaxafras, and other commoditie!), iw were thought couvenyeut, most of those eleven, who before havrittcn of) uf tlic same; by which, likewise (as I mayc the better descend into the oc- currauncea of our owiio), male be the clierer confirmed the st«ry of all three— the one by the other — where the conpruity (meaiiinge the commodityes of the couutrj-, nature of the aoyle, and qualities of the people) betweene all throe is so ftiU and answerable. CAPUT vin. i A colonic sent out to settle^ within the river of Sacliadohoc, hy the UonoumMfl fiir John Popbam, Kjiight, Lord Chitjf Justice of Kug- laod, under the govcrumont of Capt. Popham and Capt. Gilbert ; of tho Spaniards Rurpruing of a ship of BrinoD, b«oI for tho uso of tlw colonie. At what tyme the adventurers of the first colonye, anno 1G06, had prepared all things fitt, with a fleet of three saile, fur Capt, Christopher Newport to transport a colony of one hundred, to bcgynno the plantation within the Chesapeak Bay, the foresaid Sir John. Popham likewise prepai'ed a tall ship well furnished, belonging to Bristoll and the river of Soverne, with many planters, which aett out from Plymouth about Maye ,^ Haines maister, to settle a plaiitaciou in ' Othnrwisu culled the Plymouth Oonipiiuy. i A aimiliu' gap in the originul. INTO VUIQINIA. 16S the rirer of Sachadchoc, whicli, making hia conrse for the Ulnnds of Flores and Cornei!,' one morning, about the iHlantio of Grntiosii, the Sjianiah fleet comjTige from Mexico, had sight of yt, gJive yt chtise, aiid soone tooke yt; and under- standing by cxatuiunciou whither she waa outward bounds and for what purpose, they tooke the captainc, whose name was Murtyii Pryii, out of hi'r, togitlier with the maistcr and most of the piLSseugers, dispersing tliem into divers shipps of their owne, and soe held their course, carrying ours along with thein for Spnine; Itowheyt one of the fleete, wherein three or four of the English were togither, by the steerage of the English, who tooke their turnea at the hclme, and not being observed, altered their course, or whither by contrary wynds eorapclled, true yt is upon obttervacion, the Spanish pilott not knowing where ho was, unlooked for fell upon the coast of Fraunce, witliin the river of Burdeux, where they would have concealed the Enghsh, and stowed them there- fore under hatehirs, had they not happely bene pcrceavcd by some of the French, which came abourd and obtojiicd them of the Spaniard, and carried them ashore, at what tyme one of thera, Daniell Tucker, gent., made complaint unto the officera of the place of this wronge oftVftd unto thom, and, in his Majestic's name, caused this sliipp to be staied and arrested uutill the court in Paris might determyn of the aame ; but the Spauianl had too goldcTi an advocate, a West Indian purse comyugc newly from thcucc, and therefore, after some litlc attcndaimce, easily freed himself from the incttm- braunce and made for Spaine, with malice inougli to entreat the other ca])tivcd English, whome they had dispersed and I made slaves in their gallions. ■ Howbeyt, the aforesaid late Lord Cldef Justice would not, V for all tliis hard hansell and Spanish mischief, give over his K determinacion for planting of a colony within thR aforesaid I so goodly a country, upon the river of Sachadchoc ; but B 1 (. «. Corvo. IW HISTOItlF. OF TRAVdILB Bgtiinst the next yeare prepiurcd a grcstcr number of planters, nnd better provittions, which in two sbipps be sent thither; a fly boat, called the Gifl of God, wherein a kinsman of hie, George Popbuiii, coiiinmuiided; and a goud aliip, called the Marr and John, of Lnndon, wherein Kaleigb Gilbert com- inaunded; whioh^ wttli one Iiniidrcd and twenty persons for plautwH, brakt- ground from Plymouth in June, 1G07, which the twenty-fifth fell with (iratiosa, and the twenty-eighth tooke in wood and water at Florea and Corncz, fi'oni whence they allways kept their course to the westward as much as wynd and weather woidd permitt ; in which course to the west, and west nor-west, as the wynd would give leave, they ran t^roo hundred leagues from Florea, and in the latitude of 42 dogreee tliey found the compasse to be vajned one whole pointe. From whence they stood still to the westward untill the tweiitj'-sr'\x'iitb of •Tuly, being then in the latitude of 18 and two thii-dS] where they threw out the dipsing lend, and had growiid, but twenty futliome and twenty-two fatborae, upon a banck, and here they tiabt some three bowers, and tooke iiccre two hiindrod of cod, vcrj' great fish, nud where tbcy might have ludcu theix- ship in lyttle tytne. Prom hence they stood in for the mayne, the wynd being nt so-west, and as they ran in for the land, they alwaic^t sounded from this banck, and having run some twelve leagues from the banck uor-west, they soimded, and had sist)- fathome ouae, gronud black. The wyiid uow growing scant, they were constrcyucd to stand for the so-ward, and made south so-west way, and sounded agaiue the nest daye, being the twenty-eiglith of July, and hml thirty fathome; small stones and white shells, fishing grownd. 29. Tlicy made a west waio imtill nonnr, and then sounded; had one hundred and sixtv futhomc black ouze. 30. About ' of the clock in the morning, they had sight of the land, and yt bore of them nor-wost. They 1 A sfanilar gni> in the original. ^Jm. nnx) VIRGIN u. 165 sonnded, being ten leagiiefi from, the ahoar, and had one hundred fathomes black ouze. They made towards the shoarc, but could not recover yt before the niglit toolte thcni; for which they were coustrayued to heare of a litle from the hmd, and lye a hull all that iiight, where they found abouiid- ftTice of fish very large and great, and the water deepe liard nbourd tlie slioarc^ eighteen or twenty fathoiiie. 31. Standing in for the shoare in the afternoone, they came to an anchor under an island, for all this coast is full of islands, but verj' sound and good for shipping to passe by them, and the water deepe hard abourd tliem ; they had not bene at anchor two howera, Mheu there came a SpauLshe shallop to them from the shoare, in her eight salvadg men and a little salvadg boy, whoe at the first rowed about them and would not come abourd, notwithstanding they proffered tlicui bread, kni\"C3, bcadcs, and other small triflca; but baring gazed awhile upon the ship they made shewe to departe; howbeyt when they were a little from them, they returned agaiue and boldly came up into the sbipp, and three of them iitaycd all night abourd, the rent departed and went to the shoarc, shewing by signcs that they would retume the next da) c. The first of August, the same salvadges returned with three A"B"»t women with them in another biskey shallop, bringing with them many beaver skynw to excliaunge for knyves and beades; the saganio of that place they told them Messamot, seated upon a river not farr off' which they called Emanuell. Tlic sulvndgcs departing, they hoisted out theire bote; aud the pilott, Captain II. Davica, with twelve others, rowed iuto the buy wherein their ship road, aud lundcd on a galland island, where they found gooseberries, strawberrieSj raspiees, hurts, and all the island full of huge high trees uf divers sorts : after they hud delighted tliemselvca there a while, they re- turned aboiu-d againe and observed the place to stand iu 44 degrees oue-tliird.^ ^ Tb« ialitude bci'« given would lead to the sappoaition that tho islnud 166 HISTUKIK Of TKAVAII.K 3. About midnight, the moone shining hright »ntl the wynd being fa)Te, at nor-east they departed from this place, setting their cuiirso so-westj for soe the coast lieth. 3. Karly in the morimig tlicy were faire by the shoar, a league from yt, and saw many islands of great bignea and many great sownds going betwixt them, but made proofc of none of them, bnt found great stoare nf fish all along the coast. 4. ITicy were thwart of the eape or headland, which stands in 43 degrees,' the shipp being in 42 degrees 50 minutes ; betwixt the place they were now at and the said cape or headland, yt is all full of islands and deepe sounds for any refoirecl to jna Mouat Pe$crt Island^ in FroTichman\i Bay ; 1>iit newrly ail other hiitt{iriet) record Manhegin inland as the point at wbich they first lunded . 3 lu order to Tcrify and de&ne, in modern nomenclature, the descrip- tioQ of the course hold by the adventurers, as given in this and the foUow- ing throe pa^es, a very ctftborate and beautiful manuscript map of tlu« coast, in tli^- British Musoitnit on a scalu of two miles tu an luch, baij been cotiBuJbod. Tho csiuniiiation leads unoiuivocally t^J tbo lufwrcucc, that tlic ubHerratiou of tht; Utitudc., as h&ru <|iioled, Is incorrect by rathtrr more than hn]f ft degree. The conclusion which, from a careful study of ih« map, tho vdit'^r has iiJcpted as most conxiiitunt with ail the dutaild huro dtiecrilieil, ib, tbtil tbo hoitiluod rcfurrcd to is 0%pe Small Point, aiid tliat the three islands lire I>umiscoce lalaDd, Wood island, and Outward Heron Ulaod, with the Pumpkin inland lcdg< lying (as described) southward of tho eastern-most of the tliroo. The two latter of tho throe islandii lie af^rcHjuMy with thu doecriptiouj ea^t and west of each other, but Damia- covu ii^laud em to tha saul/iward of Wood i^laud. If no iJlowanuo be uiads for this discrepancy, it appears impossible to find any other trio of islands Boneurly appronchiu;; the description, uitUerae tn their beaiiug with refer- ence to each other, and to the headland, or their diutanci; respectively from, Fenobscot and the St. Oeorgc's ialonds. The infei-euce that the headland is Capo Small Point is baaed on tho fact that no more southerly cape would ofler a great uumljcr of island:! between itself and the ahip while lying southward of such eape ; and if we assume it to lie mora nor- therly, we wander still further fruui tho latitude quoted by our author, and with still less cerreapondeiicc with the description in other minor points ; this would be the cano, for example, if wc were to adopt the sup- poHition, which the examination ban somctimcH sa^gestefl, that (he Mat!- uiouH Islands and Moohc Puitit wore nifurrud tu. INTO VIRGINIA. 167 shipping to goe in by them, and where la exceeding good fiMhiiig for cod, great and smnll, liifj^r then what coine* from the banck of the Newfoundland. This cape is lowhind, shew- ing white like sand, but yt is all whit rocks, and a strong tyde goeth there. They ran witliin half a league of the cape, and from thence the land fell awayc and falls in from this IieaiUand, nor-west and by uore, and nor-west. They keept their course from this hondlaud and came to three ishmds, where they found a letlgc of rocks to the so-ward, wliich made tbera hale off from them, and the wy-nd being at nor- cst, they passed tbcm, keeping their coast still west nnti by ^outh, and west so-wcat, imtill twelve of the clock at night, mid made from this headland, in all thirty leagnea. 5. They made a west nor-west way, ii'om four of the clock, ill the morning nntill three of the clock in the aftemoone, and made fifteen leagues, and then they saw the laud agniiie; for from the cape before named, they saw uoe more land but those three islands untDl now, in wbicb tyine theyi-an forty- five leagues, and the land bore of them, when they saw yt firste, nor-^wesfc and by north, and yt shewed yt sell' in this forme. Nine leagues or more from yt, there be three high raoun- tayncs that lie in on the land, the laud called Segobquot, nccre about the river of Penobscot.' Thoy stood towards this high land until! twelve of the clock nooue the next daye, and they found the ship to be by observation in 4S. > Tho mowntama of Penoliscot stnad in tLreii cliunpfl, nach of which would prolinbl; have the appau-anco nt a distance of a Biugk moUQtaia. 168 IllSTORTE OF TttAVAII-K 6. From twelve of the clock noon they kept their course dae west and came necrc unto the three islands, lying low ami flatt by the water, alicwiiig white to tlie water as if it were sand ; but yt is white rock, injiking shew afarr off almost like Dover CUffea. There lyeth no-west from the easter- most of the three islands a white rocltye island, and those.; other tliree islands lye one of the other east and west ; soe they Btood their course west fast by them, and as they stood to the westward, the high land before spokcu mudc uhewe of this forme, bearing of them then nore-nor-west. From hence they kept still their course west and by nore towards three other islands, which they saw lying from those islands eight leagues ; and about ten of the clock at night, ha-ving sent in tlieir boat befoi-e night to make yt, they bore in for one of them, the wliich they afterwards named St. George his Island ; they sounded all along as the}' came in, and found very decpe water, hard about yt forty fathome. In the morning they were envyrouncd every way with islands, they told upward of thirty islands from ubuurd their shipp, very good sayling out betweene them. 7. They wcycd anchor, thcrby to ride in more saffety howsoever the wind should happen to blow j how be yt before they put from the island they found a crosse set np, one of the same which Captain George WeymaUj in his (Uscovery, for all after occasions, left npon this island. Having sayled to the westwiirdj they brought the high hind before spoken of to be north, and then it shewed thus, — INTO VIRGINIA. 160 About midnight, Captniu Gilbert caused bis shipp'a boat to be maimdc mtb fourtccu pcrsous aud the Indian Skidworcs, (brought into England by (!aptain Wayman) and rowed to the westward ti*om their shipj), to tbt; rivi;r of Pniimqiiid, which they found to be four leagues distant from the shipp, where she road. The Indian brought them to the salvadKos* houses, where they found a hundred men, women, and chil- drcne; andtheire cliief commander, or sagamo^ amongst them, named Nalianada, who had been brought likewise into Eng- land by Captain Wayman, and rctiumcd tbitlicr by Captain llanam, setting forth for those parts and some part of Canada the year before ; at their fti-at conjyiig the Indians betooke them to their armes, their bowes and arrowes ; but after Niihanadahad talked with Skidwarcs and pcrceiived that Ibey were EngUsh mcu, be caused them to lay aside their bovvcs and arrowes, and he liimself came unto them and ymbrnced them, and made them much welcome, and eiitertaViied them with much chierfulnesss, and did they likewise him; and after two howers thus enterchaugeably spent, they returned abourd again e. h CAPUT IX. Of iMne a««iJ«ntB happeoiog ia the fimtc sctlement of tliis aorthernd coJonio. 9. Sonday, the chief of both the sbipps, with the great- est part of all the company, landed on the island where the crossc stood, the which they called St. George's Island, and heard a sermon delivered unto them by Mr. Seymour, his preacher, and soe retiumed abourd apaine. 10. Captain Popham manned his shallop, aud Captjun Gilbert bis ship bo;it, with fifty persons in both, and departed for tbo river of Peraaquid, carricug with them Skidwares, and arrived in the mouthe of the river ; there cauie forth 1. 170 mSTOKIB OP TBAVAae Nahanadai with all liia company of Indians with their bowes and arrowes in their hnndes. They being before his dwelling- house, would not u'iUinj?ly have al] our people come on shoarCj usiugthem m all kind sort after their manucr; never- thelesse, after one hover, they all suddenly vithdrew thcm- »c1tc3 into the woodcs, nor was Skidwarea desirous to rcturnc with them any more abourd. Oiir people loth to proffer any vyolence unto him by drawbig bim by force, suffered him to stay hcbiud, promising to retiLruc to them the nest day fol- lowing, but he did wot. After hia departure they imbarke*! themselves, aud rowed t(» the furtlier side of tlic river and there rcmnyned on the ahoare for that night. 11. Tlicy retunietl to their ^liippfl towards the evening, where they still road under St, George's Island.' 12. They wcyed anchors and sett saile to ^oe for the river of Saclmdehoc ; they had little wynd and kept their course west. 13. They were south of the island of Sutquiu,* a league from yt, and yt risetli in this form heremiderj but they did not take yt to be Sutquin. Sitiquiii,b«lai|iv«Ua at It. Tim lilg'ti muLuiiataab^ni! noTtb from jrourlaft Uitia. Soe the weather beiuf? very faire, they sought the islaude further to the westward ;^ hut at lengtli fynding that they bad overshott yt, tbey bore «p helme, but wore soon bo- calmed ; by which means they were constreyned to remayne at sea, when about midnjg^lit there arose a migbty storrae upon them, which put them iu great danger, by reason they wei-e so neere the shoare and coidd not gett off, the wjnid all 1 Capt. Jclui Smitb makes them to fa.ll in with Manhegin island on tbe oleventb of A^u^iet. ' Seguin island. ^ D&tniscove ieland t IKTO VlRtilMA. 171 the while at south, and yt hiDw veiy stiffe, «oe aa they Tverc compelled to turuc yt to and agaync, bard nbourd the lee bUootc, many rucks and islands under their Ice hard by them; but, God be tbaiickcd, tbcy escaped uutill yt was daye, the utorme atiU contynuyng imtlll uooue the next daye. 1-t. Soe socne as the daye gave lights they perceared that they wrru hard aboard the shore, in the bay that Ihey were in the daie before, which made them look out for some place to thnist in the shipp to save their liveaj for towing the long boat, yt hij'c suncVc at the steme two bowers and more, yett would they not cutt her otF, lyvin^ in hope to save her; bo bearing up hclme, they stood in right witli the shoHrc, when anou they perceaved two little islnndsj to whieh tliey made, and tliere they found (God be tfiaucked) pood anchoring, where tliey road uutill the storcie bi-oak, which was the next daie after. Here they freed their boat, and had her anhore to repaire her, being much tome aud epoiled. These islands are too Icngues to the westward of Sacha*lchoc. Upon one of them they went on shoare, and found Sonr sal- vadgcH aud one woman. The iijlands all rockye and full of piuc trees. 15. The stormo ended, and the wynd came faire for them to goe for Sachadehoc, the river whether they were bound to and enjoyned to make their plantacion in ; soe they wcycd anchor aud sett saylc, and came to the eastward and found the island of Sutquin, aud anchored under yt, for the wjTid was of the shoare, by which they could not gett into Sachadehoc; yet Capt. Popham, with the fly-boat, gott in. Ifi. In the morning, Capt. Popham aeut hia sbalhip to helpe in the Mary aud John, which weyed anchor, and being calme, was soone towed in aud anchored by the Guift's syde.' 1 7. Capt. Popliam, in his pynnace, with tliirty per- sons, and Capt. Gilbert in liis long boat, with eighteen ' This flliip, it will be remombi'irotlj was coUud the "Gift of Ood". 172 HISTOHIE OF TR-WAJLB persons more, went early in the morning from their ahipp into the river Snchndehoc, to view the river, and to search where they miffht find a fitt pliicc for thtrir pliiiitation. They saj'led up into the river neere forty leagues, and found yt to be a very gallani river, very deepc, and scldome lease water then three fathome, when they fonnd seat ;' whereupon they proceeded no fiirlhor, hut in their retnnio liomowanLs they observed nmiiy goodly islands therein, and many bniiiiicliia of other small rivers falling into yt. 18. Tlicy all went ashore, and there made choisc of a plaee for their plautacion/ at the mouth or entry of the ryvcr on the west sirle (for the river bcndcth yt self towaids the nor-east, and by east), being almost an island, of a good bipnes, bein}^ in a pro\ince ealled by the Indians Sabiuo, sso called of a !taga7no or chief commaunder under the g^aund hassaba. As they were ashoarc, tlirce canous full of Indians came to them, but would not come nccrc, but rowed away up the river. I'X They nil went ashoare where they had made chmse of their plantation and where they had a sermon deli- vcrwl unto tliem by their preacher; and after tliu sermon, the presideut's commission was read, with the lu«es to he obaen-ed and kept. George Popbam, gent., was nominated prenideut ; Captain Raleif^Ii Gilbert, Jamea Daries, Ilichard Seymer, preacher, Captjiin Ilichard Davics, Captain Harlow, the same who brought away the salvadges at this tyme shewed 1 Qiiei7, rest, — as in our old word " zest", an afternoon's n»p ; as, " to go to yne'it Kc%t,"— -tiuru •' siosLii".— /'e rt. ^ B'ulkuap, In his "Amcricau £iugra|)h^," tnyn thtit l\i(iy landed oa a peninguta ; but in the collection of the H&ss. HUtorical f^ocict; it is called Ptirk^^rs isUiid, wliitb, acuordiug to the MS. map alreadj i>>ltuJed to, is foini«d by the waturs of iJia KuuuuliHulf on tlic wesi', Jtremysqumn Lay on the i^aet, the sea. oii th« isoutb, aud a. amall ^Lniil Uividiiig H froia Arrowsick i«luud un the imrth. It h aillod Parker's island l>ceause it Tvfts purchased of the aatiyes, iu IGfiO, Uy one Jotin Parker, who was the ftni occupaut ttl'ter the year ItKJK, nhea this oolony was hrokcn up. IXTO VmOINlA. 173 in London^ from the river of Canada, were all Bworne aftsiat- anta; and soe tlicy retin-ned back apaine. 20. AH wpnt to sliuiLre again, and there begnn to en- trench and make a fort, and to bu_vld a storehouse, soc contynewing the 21fit, 22nd, 23i*d, 24th, 25th, 26th, 2nh. 28. Whilst most of the hands laboured hard about the fort and the carjicntcrs about the buyldinf; of a small pinnace, the president overseeing- and applying every one to his worke. Captain G-ilbcrt departed in the shallop upon a discovery to the westward, and sayled all the daye by many gallant islands. The wyud at night pomyiig roatrary, tli^y came to anelmr that night under a heatUund, by the Indians called Semiamia;' the land exceeding good and fertile, as ap- peared by the trees growing thereon being goodly and great, most onke and waluutt, with apatious passages betweeac, and noe rubbish under, and a place most fitt to fortifye on, being by nature fortifycd on two sides with a spring of water under yt. 29. They departed from tlm headland Scniiamis, in the heigh of 4S\ degrees, and rowed along the shear to the westward, for tbat tlie wynd was against them, and wliicb blewc so hard tbat they reached no farther than an island two leagues off, where, whilst they anchored, two canoas passed by them but would not come neere them. 30. Tlicy returned homewards before the wyud, sajling by many goodly and gallant islands j for betwixt the said headland and Semiamis, and the river of Sacliadehoe, is a very great bay j" in the which there lycth soe many islands ftnd so thicke and neere togither, that can hardly be dis- cerned the iiombcr, yet may any shipp passe betwixt, the greatest parte of them having seldorac lesse water than eight or ten fathome about them. These islands are all over- • Capo Klizabcth. ' CiLBcu Buy, whivb in snid to conttiin as mtvny iNlamls &s tLurc are dayii ia Uieyear. 171- KISTORIE Of TBAVAILB gi'UK'ue with woods, aa ouk, walnutt, pine, sprusc trees, hnscU nutU, sarsapsrilln, niid liiirtx in abniKiaiince, only they found no auxnfras at nil m the coimtryj and this niglit they arrived at the fort n^inc. »B]it«ub»r. 31, And 1st of September, 2nd, 3rd, and 1th, nothing was done, but only for the furthcrmincc and bnyldingc of the fort and sturehoxise to receave ashore their rictiialls. 5. About nooiie, tlicre caine into the oiitraiincc of the river of Sachadehoc and soe unto the fort, as our people were at their worke, nine caiioej with fortj- snlvadj^'es in them, men, women, luid ehihlrcn, and amoDgst them was Kahanada and Skidwares. Tliej'' came up into the fort, and the presi- dent gave them moat and ilrinek, and iised them exceeding kindly. Two or tlirce bowers they rcraayncd there and then they parted, Skidwares and an other salvadge staying still, with whome at might Captain Gilbert, James Davies, and EUis Beaat, went over to the farthest side of the river, whe- ther all the rest had witlidrawen themselves, and there re- mayned with thuiii ull the night; and early in the morninge, the siilvadges departed in their canoas for the river of Pama- qnidj pronuHiiig Captain Gilbert to accompany him in their canoas to the river of Penobscott, where the bissaba dwells. 6. And 7th, the hmtincs of the fort only attended. S. Captain Gilbert, witli twenty-two others, departed in the shullop for the river of Peuobscotj taking with him divern sorts of marcbandizc to trade with the bassaha ; but by reason the wynd held easterly, being contrary, yt was throe daies before he gott into the river of Penobscot. 11. Early in the morning they came into the river of Paraaquid, thero to call Nahaiiada and Skidwares to goe along with them ; but, being arrived there, they found that they were all gone from thence unto the river of Penobscot before, wherefore, they sett sayle for that river; and all that day, as likewise the 12th and 13th, they sayled and seai'ched to the eastward, yet by noe meanes could find the river, for i INTO VlHfiI?nA. 175 wLich they returned, their victuals spent, and the wynd large and good, find in too dayes arrived agaiite at the fort, Imving had a sight, the 15th in the luoruiu^, of n blasiiug starr iu the uor-cast of them. The 16th, 17th, 18th, l9th, 30th, 31st, 22titl, 0.11 labored about the fort and buyldiog up of the storehouse. CAPUT X. The death of Onpt. Pophani ; Capt. Oilbert dbposctb of himself for Eng- land whan the companie -woud then ataj ao loogtsr, ulbcit Oapt. DiivioB rcturtiud uiitu thein witli a great cupplj (row Snglaud. 23. Captain Gilbert, accompanied with nineteen others, departed in hid shallop, to goe far the head of the river of Sachadchoc. They sayled all tliia daye, and the 24th the like, untill six of tlie clock in the aftemoone, when they liuided on the river's Bide, where they found a cliamjiion laud and very fertile, where they remayued all that night. 25. In the morning, they departed fi'om thence and savled up the river and came to a flatt low island ■nhere ya a great cataract or downfidl of water, which runneth by both sides of this island very shold and swift.' In this island they found great store of grapes, both redd and white; good hopps, as also chiballs and garlike; they haled their boat with a strong rope through tliis downfall perforce, and went uecre a lengne fwthcr up, and here they lay all night ; and in the first of the night there called certaine sjilvages on the further side of the river unto them in broken English ; they aiisweared them againc and parted long with them, when towards morning they departed. ' Query, Swan inlnuJ, a few milus up the riv«r ; th^ fdll of waMr round which may be more properly culled a downfall of waWT llian a oatiUract. Thu lirat great fall of water from the mouth of the river is that ut Waterville : but tbcio is no island at thut epot Uid dowu Id the b«*t modern mape. irr> niSTOIME OP TRAVAILR S6. Id the morning tlicrc came & cauua uutu them, and in her a Saj^mo and fonr Bnlvn^^es, some of those which spoke to them the night huforo. Tlie Snganio calh^d his name Scbcnoa, and told us how he was lord of the river Sachftdedoc. They entertayncfl him friendly, and tooke him into their hoat aud presented him with some triSliiig things, which he accepted ; howbcyt, he deaircd some one of our men to lie put into his canoa as a pawnc of his safety, xvhere- Mpon Captain Gilbert sent in a man of his, when presently the canoa rowed away from them with all the speed they could make up tlie river. Tliey followed with the shallop, ha\ing great care tliat the Sagnrao should not Icape over- Uourd. The canoa qnickly rowed from them and Landed, and the men made to their howses, being ueere a league on the hiud from the rivi^r'ii side, aud carried our man with them. Tlic shallop making good waye, at length came to another dowiiefiill, which was so shallowe and soe swift, tliat by iioe meaiies they conld pasac auy further, for which. Captain Gilbert, with nine otherSj Uiuded and tooke their fare, the salvadge Sagamo, with them, and went in search after those other salvages^ whose howscs, the Sagamo told Captain Gilbert, were not farr off; and after a good tedions march, they came indeed at length unto those salvages' howses, wlieere found neerc fifty able m^eu very strong aud tall, such OS their like before they had not scene ; all newly painted imd armed with their howes and arrowes. !Iowl>eyt, after that the Sagamo had talked with them, they delivered hack again the man, and used all the rest very friendly, as did ours the like by them, who shewed them their comoditics of beads, knives, and some copper, of wliich they seemed very fond; and by waye of trade, made shew that they would come dowue to the boat aud there bring such things as they had to exchange them for ours. Soe Captaiu Gilbert departed firom them, and i,rithiii half an howre after he had gotten to his boat, there came three cauoas down unto them, and in i nrro ttrginta. J-; them some sistccn salrages, and brought with them some tobacco and certayiie small skynes, which n-erc of no value j wbich Captain Gilbert purceaviufc, anil that th^y liaxl nothing ells wherewitli to trade, he caused all his men to come abourd, and as he would have putt from the shore; tbe sal- vatlgea perceiving so much, snbtilcly devised liow they might put out tht! lior in the Bhallop, by which meanes they sawe they should be free from the danger of ourineu'n pieces, and to performe the same, one of the salvadges came into tlie sliallnp and taltiiig tlie ficr brand which one of our conipnny held in his hand thereby to light the matches, as if lie would light a pipe of tobacco, as sone as he had gotten yt into his hand he prcaently threw it into the water and leapt out of the shallop. Captain Gilbert seeing that, suddenly com- mniidcd his men to betake them to their rausketts and the targcttiers too, from the head of the boat, aud had one of the men before^ with bis targett on his arme, to stepp on the shore for more fier; the salvages resisted him autl would not Buft'cr him to take any, and some othei-s holding fast the boat reap that the shallop eoiUd not putt off. Captain Gil- bert caused the muaquettiers to present their peeces, the which, the salvages seeing, presently lett goe tlie boatroiip and betouke them to their bowes and aiTowes, aud ran into the bushes, nocking their aiTowes, but did not shoot, neither did ours at them. So the shallop departed from them to the further side of the river, where one of the canoas came unto them, and would have excused the fault of the others. Captain Gilbert made shew as if he were still friends, and cntertayncd them kindlye and soe left them, returning to the place where he bad lodged the night before, jmd there carac to an anchor for that night. The head of the river standeth in 45 degrees and odd mynutts. Upon the cou- tiocut they found aboundauce of sprusc trees such as are able to raaast the greatest ship hia majestie hath, and many other trees, oke, walnutt, pincaplc; fish, ahoundanee; grent A A 178 KIStOKiK or TRAVAILS store uf grapes, hopps, and chiballa, also they found ccrtaine coddft iti wliicli they sujiposcd the cotton wooll to grow, and also upoQ the baticks nmtiy shells of pcarlc. 27. Here they scitt up n croi^tte niid theu returned honie- wardj in the way socking tlic by river of some note called Buanoa. This dare and the next they sought yt, when tlie TTcatlier turned fowle and full of fog and mine, tlicy made hU hast to the fort b i am sick Neire, J Auppes, a bow string Anaskomens, acomes Asasqueth, the clay they make pipes of Amonsoquath, a beare AttomoiB, a dog Arrokoth, the side Apones, bread Arathkone, a beast like afox. AposoD, a beast in bignes like a pig and in tost alike Aquintayne manggoy, a great ship Aquintayne taux, a little boate or canoa Assahampehooke, a lobster Above, oskeitch , vsqu-yh , vspeuwk Abroad, vscound Acorn, anaskimmins Adder, keihtascooc, sassacomu- wah Aftemoone, aunshecapa Ague, chowhuasuw A king of the head, nindgapamut- la mecreentecoh A king of the teeth, vneghiawm- dupmeputs All, cheisk An aule pin or needle, pocohaac All is out, tashoa^, metatvwh neckatam Alive, kekewh Angry, perervimuw Angle, aamowk So in original MS. ^^^r 184 DicnoN&itrR or the ^^^^^^^^^| ^^^B Apple, maracah A bird with camRtion-coloared 1 ^^^M Apron or hiiv kind of draesad lea^ win^s, ahshoteeulteia 1 ^^^H tlicr, iHMahehjk eatomtnoUc A I'ird iikir ii Iiipwiiig, (.■oUour ^ej-, 1 ^^^M Arrow, asfjieeowan wliieb usetli the vraler, vwnn- 1 ^^^H Arme, mfxe hnm^hatp H ^^^H Anncs, meageoh A bird iiiUed a DivocUpiier, otaii' 1 ^^^B Arse, hemekit rtit(f'f(j* ^^H ^^^H Aslipti, puntfwe Tliu till or beak, mehkevh ^^| ^^^H Aiiuts, arUiirosg'iti To )iitf>, ainitt, uitsMCun ^^H ^^^H Avrak«, tinmaumcr A bitch, rsijieausiim ^^| ^^^H Aire, raratcak nifick, inahcatawaiutch ^^H Blew. omtA- 1 To blow ftiiy thing, «.?/«*«««»(('»( 1 Blew beailes, vuetiiffu-ruhotnon 1 ^^^^F Blew berripH of Uil' bigtit!« of 1 ^^^V Dnkr^tawh.^'r gmpcs, very [tlcasout, aecomi- 1 ^^^H Ciignitiicliy Itiutson, u tjirdU ilewK ^^fl ^^^^k BniHerari npoolt, /i7/ ll\e jiij'e mlk Blunt, iryktraivwh ^^H ^^^H tobacco To make any thiug blimt, neih' ^^B ^^^H A Img, porasap jfjttriAfififM'fCj'i J ^^^^1 rt til mnii-rai-h BliK'k, tncrahunc ^^H ^^^H To bark, cttttotwdfj BIuul. nchpftanyunnu ^^^ ^^^H A LftjTfll, ohtamocan A Ikiw, ituhtcib ^^^M ^^^H A Imtelii^llur, matniiiateijh A luiWBtrtng, mtjtria ^^H ^^^m A Ixtll, aitowh A boat, aeomtan ' '^^| ^^^H Btild, jiantchkUcmv A buttle, pohi^eii-h ' ^^H ^^^^H A lican.', mnmnnKnciteeo A bourJ, enlsontiiuooc ^^M ^^^H A bell, viauc(trme, uijsfrafi ^^^ ^^^H A beiLnl, H'eihiifitnnmtans A boy, v$capfS9 ™ ^^^B A bed, cainmivwh, pvtaocamn A box iu which tliey play at ft ^^^H To Wju-ainch A braver, qmmnmruc ^^H ^^^H Beforf, v{chani}ttl A bridge, melucs ^^^H Bebinil, taaiiffQifwa^k To brtfyle or loast \^xtsA, apeUiwh ^^^H Betow, 9i»)uroNi.u}i poan ^^^1 BeDenlh, rlakemaijii To Ireake with one'a Sngors any ^^^H A bi'ggar. tuttnanmniiU tiling, nhm»aiiiu7i ^^^H BBtt^r, win'jutscftJw To brc«k with sln,'kiiig on any ^^^H A bird, tihfhip, tshftchf'mdg tiling, punkcaw, rdeistaliamii ^^^H A eiuall bii'd or chicken, Cdrra/i- To break all iu pieces, ketarouk- ^^^H gumah ^^m ^^^H TXDTAK LAXaUAQE. 1B5 1 To be broken or crackt, perew To pfiny upon ones showlder, Bright or plaiue all over, miia- ahrohMnNnTttun ca juisiitit To cutcU ill the Qiouth as dogs To Ijring tuto thti boat, jiankset- rloe, oiiascamlamen) opa»wnttt- aiver III en To liiing (ignjne, yifiioa A cat, onvild bf^st much bigt^er, Bnwse, omwas and spotted black under the To bruise any tliiug auuill, viiet- belly m a Iiuarno, vlchoong- ntrnttin f/imi A brother, ni^mai Caviare, or the roe of stui^eon. A l>ruKli, I'nejritirahumd woock A l)ranible or brier, ctnvniihjuc To cliiiw, lawhtagifoimtamen A bTOOiTQO, tiiheh(hkjn>r with long To bunie as if ft slidky light on liiiokB, tapanutfiniiiiain any thiog, culchvic tnitlowrati Chesnutts, opomviins A biincli of grappB, vtstucsvtara' CheBBe, or any cunled matter Viiiimvis. mtule of miihe, oatun A chamber, vt-'iycvmmiic ' A c'liild, tiecjtaun C. A chest, liftoffs Cftinaiige, n tohaeca hag A chicken, caunlichcit/ut ClinjHmt, a xhew To 1 Impwood, carch<'tik>iiuii mushf Ciircye neire, / am a cold A circle, mttsseta^watuh CfimmolJtis, It turtle A eivet eat, atlmvriii- CheAwaiUa, n robin read-breast Clay, jiuttstiifinih Cursine, s'lstgr To clap one's hands, paaaakieann Ctiipiiain, lau/l or earth ChickiquBumis, a fiiiid of ffraine The claw of a. crab, ohtlvdge To dense a ^\\ie, jacutt''hi':<>on 1 to eat To dense the grownd ainl inakfi 1 Ciiniatinge, six in Tiumber yt fitt for seed, monascumi4rmu J Chakasowe, a crack in any thhtg To elimb a tree, altcoiishc Cucheiieiipo, a immiin The dowds, mammauw, arrah- (Jrecpjiij, a womnn (jWntitirh Cbeskuliarnay. al! freiiids To lake liold of any thing, iitammuii Ceftdor, wttntdic Copper, mnttissiin CiiltBe, c(j}iifwnifirh A ctinib, reihconn To call one, otausupnar Cold. Homaamalt A cEinoii or small boat, uquuintun A cord or small lyue, or a thread, A cuii or any sui-.b liktj thing to pematiatfion driuck ill, ohtainocnn A coat of plate, atju-ahnssiiH A cauille or giunniy Kli+k wliich A coat, .jerldn, doublet, or ells will keepe light, oxmwitak what, rrmntcJioor A cap or bat, imtlai'iivafiiison To come (being epi^ken fiimiliarly To crtiry ft tiling up and downe. or hard by), ctnn)n)j(nfafh,€au- mtwu-ioirftshim meir, cnmnear-oh To carry a thing belweene tvroo, To come (l>euief spoken a far off to »t«MWK(lf/'M7U* one"), /lijdh, pijftrowah, pijarah k D B ^^^r 18r> DicnoNABiB or ^^^^^^^^^1 ^^^B To oom« in, peiutikgr To dive, pooJiketth ^^^^H ^^^M To come tigiiyne, or we will cmat Ti) due, nfjutiijaj ^^^^^H ^^^H agBine, ouicpijann, vuaiituc-uh, A dug, /rffirrnoFU ^^H ^^^H pijaulch Doe mt, ntsxeiieind ^^H ^^^H To c^imo qiiirkly, tmkejiijaii^ rake- To flriiKdif to nae, ryitwopen, or J ^^^H km-fftcn ^^H ^^^H To (Tum^ up, vtacquviciun I would driiick, r^Aui-(:'jM]»HJn ^^H ^^^H To mriiM ()s, woninaw, ciUu- To be dry ur liurHly, paoutpisni- 1 ^^^^B sniUnwh ■ ^^^H A covcriDg or mantle made of To dresao or pitch a boat, asco- I ^^^H fontbers, cawaiaow hitniii ^^U ^^^H A cockle, osakpurai A diiiiu, akqKoii}u>oc ^^H ^^^1 To cover one, aiigmur A duck, pbfcoeud ^^^| ^^^^m A I'ub-wulj, mntUiX»apec Dust, HPfienmtn ^^H ^^^H A cooknlil, wiii}ifntim Durt, kethacknivwh ^^| ^^^1 A cofiper kettle, aucutgaqtcauan To dwell, iiithttinic ^^H ^^^H A (-nib, tiitlanvue A reil dv'?, pohcoans, mataqta- ^^H ^^^1 A cniiie. tnm 1 ^^^1 A cmck or crackt, pa»ka*ti*\ ta- ^^1 ^^^H tumtew ^1 ^^^H A croeke, ineihuiilterask The ewe of a man, mei/ifau'Jt ■ ^^^H A ci'QWe, ahamta The em-es of a hiire or any other J ^^^^m Cruokei), uhorinne beast, vahtnooes, tneeliijn ' ^^| ^^^H To cry, miifhseum To eal4^, nieclter ^^H ^^^H To [^ul tlje luiii'i' uf 0. man's iieit<1, I will (.-atf, iiionwi-chijn V ^^^^1 mouifiig. niimmtiiidrfft, cum- lie cato bj aud Uv. nuxhocwA ^^| ^^^H Eato with me, meiktussue ^^H ^^^H To cut any llutige rnski^liemu The earth, anjiaiitH, altatmt ^^H ^^^M Carled hairu, vtckej^taiuKk.awrc- The east, vichepieoiuuma ^^^ ^^^H tthttmreruk Ad eagle, opoteuawk ^^H ^^^H \^wmlm'Jiseorelt,mltiu»k,mocas^jt An eiije of vrhwl, autotrtaoh ^^| An eai-e of new wheat, maueata- ^^B U'flteOHtOOH I ^^^^ Ebliio^ wntflr, getsfratt^ak ^^fl ^^^H Daxrbn-soTiqiure. learme yourselj All eAe, ancitnutuk ^^H ^^^H A ^(ly, vitihvfrarfis, taieatck An egg, lecKtuh ^^^M ^^^^B Oarkit, pitJtrunttiiicih An elboe, meh'juan ^^^^ ^^^H I dare not, iiccquriisaw, nsqutahke Elder, mtmamidij ■ ^^^H A ileiire, rttajiaavtnm Tbf elonumtu, ptiomp arralhqwor 1 ^^^H Dead, ur to iJu dciul, t»ef>aih O^ir/i 1 ^^^M Deipe to tbe midJle, rj(i4('.-o?noi Enemy or wmi},'bt, macJt^rgw, ^^B ^^^H Doepe oTer the )miid, niUtahcaam ^^H ^^^M Deafe. ciip]ii*i'iip KDou^h. "vrninf, neitNhat ^^M ^^^M Tn deridi' » thiu(^ iu balf, rickeKh Eiitnmbiiig. />h iVii/iujii^M' V ^^^H Tlte dovill, ri/ipake Tlie eye, musMendgak 1 ^^^m A dish. oMCnnm The eyes, muBMeitdrus 1 ^^^^^^^^^^y INDIAN ^H ^HL Flax, tfhehaoah ^^M ^^^rahtswell, or the word at pardnir, A Hea, /nt'tdijtron ^^H W URUA To Hen tLiiy liiiog, pttthenaan ^^H The fiice, iw.ii.entiir A flying aquin-ell. (tios9a}>anijk ^^| TSif full of the Ic-afor thcautome, A fly, mmvchomn ^^H punsaox A fowli^ HlcL< a teaJe, with a sharp ^^H To faU, nmman'skin, tidamain, bill like a black bird, c«nmtat9 ^^H adawosii A ^vfitt^i'fowle ill Ligiies of ii (hick, ^^H To III? like to fall, emieaeirh finely cotiloi'efi with h cupiL ^^H To iiill (Jowno from n tree, ra^woi- crowne, meihteatm ^^H st'trl/miiJihff A fonle, iriutitc, Kiiituccwii ^^H Til lt>t«ii^'thiiig fall, vlmoinhlint FruLli, jifihlttofi ^^H Tlu; Iklls at the u]iper e.n<\ of the Frost, {at:qifiicat ^^H kijij^'s rivi^r. fnuin nch'iivn'j A fieiiiil, or tlie pi-iueiiioll worj ^^H To lie fiiiiiL, iifUeitcrianyi's, num- of Idniltir-s, neUth ^^H mamuntttm illy foot is \s'eU, ifimjan outvunn- ^^M A fjithcr. nous etsiimiieic ^^H A fiuine, noiifitleiFh The fur uf the htiaut urrethouuo. ^^M Fhu, K-irfloAair/i wehsacanoc ^^| A fart, ^oAflt I am full, ur^ei-ifp ^^H A Irhrig feittlier, ^Mqivanac To he liill. {la'spicrt ^^| Featliex'H. ahpeivk Fier, bocuttaie ^^| Tlio fcntlieiB of fti] arrow, tiRsa- A cole of fier, viakcntoh ^^| ovnsawk A spiirk of ficr, nccccoiv, pah- ^^| Feet of a liftwk, aremijpht tjtiaira ^^H Feet by a gouerall tiuuie, messetts To riiiJie &. Her, soca^umeheni' ^^| To fpccl with a spoon, accopaata- mum, tit'imtkn^jirnn ^^| mun Tliti tiirr is uul, ulaitiiiac localaiv ^^H To fetch some fier, vwshfKitaan ^^1 boeotaoh ^^1 Fisti, iiammais ^1 A fishlifiO !((_', auh'ftnHmi'k A garden, or pint of gnmtid to ^^M The fore tiuger, HumiiieUiLtteinus.9nitK)tili,orljciiuti(uI,»t»»- eaivifhj wiuffiucH-h A gnatl. jioenijMu-h Citwd, icmijnn It IR goori iiipiit^ neranndamett To gue, ireA. jmxpffti To goe abroad, ireh vncoemi To go along, cawcaunuar, atca- VI alter To go downe, ir^rh cuppeinlanaan To gn in, iA«fofn6it)( To go softly, i^ffiifineoitnttn To go home, nnmiiiaeha To go liefitrK, iiejiopaniniH To go after, apofihanvnundg Now U'Ugn loj^ilher, ctinm«f[«fiN, Tbe &hipp3 go borne, vppc^ithun, Oone, maeiitrhnlemmjnne Not goii up, kekenokaivwh .x>apeirh God, mKottotu^md A g')09C, liaha}ft{ae A goosling. marakuugoc Guud mnrrow, or the word of salu- tation, kenculteinanm The ^xtivn\d,. pt^tafvin To gi'uw liis;, iihetttnK, cutteretch Tho grisale of a sturgL-oii, vBocaii Gratiae, t/iehretfireins Grapes, mnrrnhimviins A gmfie'a sloiiy iir tliu stuao of any plum, macftMijs, rnuKotnel A grashopper, (t«ocrtWHsA#(r«A A gravij, cuTcar A gi»wnd nnt, otifipunnawk A grt-at duttle, viootechUh A great my, amainwh, netaeoon Gyiu_v whwit, piiiiPinrtaah A gitii or piece, p'aoit^nc'an Tlio glim tliat vssueih out nf a CL-rlainu irwc Mllod the Vir- ginian nuiple. pii:ke\ch The gutta of aiijthitig, utakeislur- hm A gull, eoiahqttus A giit^t or horroi'odo, toAfmnwo- cmmum H. H»ur{ueqmiui, a /i»f« stont pot HfUJikoiH', a ladle lJiisi[i)e, bij and fty, or ifuichl^ HHwujpjie, n bov KtllHi! f/tfU iItifn!nMK'ft A bnoil, meihtitjefo To hang oim, trawajtunnah A hatcliet. tacccthnctm, tamahaae An Indian halcliet, ctim/Ha^iriM To have, nohnmrh I Liive Leiio, nC'-irwctrwoB A liiizell nut, jtaaiitiahtamtins ThLi litiFid of n niHti, mendabiuvah The head of aii nrrow ibat in rowiiil. (iKtaifuiivIi The luwi nf ail iirruw. rapiUtak The hend ake. kmrrndt-ppaan Htjaveii, wounshaqji-atuwh Ti) heii-re, nowusmilantirii. Not to heare, vMCd-rMuieoitrtimM He, yootvah ^^H^^^H^^V^p ]NDIAK LANGUAGE. 189 ^^M Hetnp, weifikippms tbi>* letter, hecause they begin ^H Htll, popof^K'Hisur widi ^H He lialii iioL ur uouo, tahmoctu- I Am liLliur or lazier, JiiiahaK' ^^h seirli ^^1 The height of any thiugat agood I ain your Mend, or at 'your co- ^H growUi, lunnffcf-'vr uinmid, netab, nctufn-iik ^^| Of a little height, tangasitw I care uot for it, uuimimskahimcn ^^M Hearing, amuiisnuk I u'ill uot give it, mnlncmnirmir ^^| To hi(i« or cover from Uie rayne, 1 must keepe yt, or I lovo yt, «»- ^^| aishe trnmatavien ^^| A litl] or Btnall mount, romnttun I thanck yon, kennh ^^| A hill ((■r luouiiLmiic, jioiautawh Ihnvttuoue. rNf(/"N»>LHJ(/-fioA'(iti7»'A ^^| Hidden under a cloud, or over- I will go home, minimac.ha ^^H Cftst, reihcnhthcoik I musl put loimcco iuyt.r^jrrcm'a- ^^f A huwse, ijohacmt A(*(7t ^^ A great howac. maihacammac It stincketh. ahtur J A buslMiiid, wioicah 1 caiuiot tell, caivwh ^^H A hole, iroor 1 have noe tubaccu, viutavppoan' ^^| To injike a hole, mbococotamen rtONUU'/l ^H A gi'eat hole, muanjfaii-afiu'atnirh 1 will uot, matufh ^H Tliw lionifs of (I di;are, vanir^ik I have no shooes, matanutwemuH' ^H Hold vl aside, hatacqicoear 7ii?A ^H Hot weuthpr, riteshiwocajiwiaup 1 have no hose, matacawqireo' 1 r How niiiny, kfin mtnnrlh ^J Hmigrj, iitnntewk, vuapootaiii I uiidcnstaud yuu uot, mainyve- ^^M The luiali of lUiiir whciit, pociilu- nakixoth ^^H tnuha I love you, noim^ntais ^^| A hurl or rut, wayewh Vou luve, cummamais ^^h To hurt, or a thiug Lurts me, ahkij. 1 give yt you gmiis, tlinigtc^irnt' ^^M v\rtraap ^^M It hutla my leg, or my JegH ake, I have heuo asloepo, mtimmascui- ^^M vnfifapiniuittn viennetatakij henejio ^a It hurts me not, or yt is whole or wall, viattunndff/tlaj, putlerakai K. Kenah. / thanek you . 1. KayquiosG, a boat ' ^^| Ire assumiuge, tfti and nm tpiickifj KuLlt-tiavre, I huriie ^^H loiigluiueiiie waih. let vs ffo or iLauieyhaii, raijtie ^^H cume tnraitf Ko wse, fa th er ^^| Tidtesiiij apoolio, Uffkt tobacco Kicke, tntithrr ^^M I myself, it^nr Kemotte, hrother ^^H I or yea. nim Kouppathe, i/ca truly Ken orot'Un rill run ijuini, cmae look TbeJMgffi of the siilvadyfTS habit. rai^sainiitu at my head Ice, oreih KanyouRh, / frrttup Ttot All island, viemniinHahqna Kfl^sTvin, iiteepo The ituh, vmchihitchikuitjta Kawkojipu quicr, J driitvk tn you ^^m Cerlayne phiasea put under Kiuketen tjuier, fpeak, or tfll me ^^Mi ^^^1 ISO DicnoNjuuts ^^^^^1 ^^^B Kikithamots, th^ wynd A little peece. paangun ^^M ^^^H Kykevtawf!, nihe in uumhef Give lOft fi little piece, kapetaema- ^^ ^^^H Koskc, number pamiffan M ^^^H KiuiIoUhu, to daunce A little, latu* ^^| ^^^^H Katitiknntii!, ning nitd itntince A lizard or elfe, rtaeagkia ^^H ^^^H K''i[ii»->t«iii, a }tot to liriiictt in Vuu Ijuvu iki lioe. mtttarlaparrpMk ■ ^^^H Kahun^e, a goote The lippes, ntusAtiiA 1 ^^^H A kiii^ or t^reiit Ion), trirnance To Iwke OQHB heucl, euUaheum 1 ^^^H Tliu luniju numu of Kouuoak, nifM ^^fl ^^^H ^'aiuifiuic/iaittth Lo\jn ^H ^^^H Ijam», TiejHtu'iriiJiuirh ^M ^^^H A Iiimpraj, rahtatpx MetrDgv, A. A leutic! agaiiiKt a thiiljf, atcheiv Metiiukfl, fAi* em-ffi ^^H ^^^H (luamun Mowlikohau. ajhk hooke ^^^k ^^^M The ktuie of any fl«sh, oeair^, Miuskowbiiig^', ft parrut ^^H ^^^^B Monuwhimk, it HHViivJ ^^H ^^^H Lead, icimlscup Maquiquins^ miaU bdU ^^^ ^^^H To li^ht any tliiiig, iaheasomaw Mnkttteweynli, pearls V ^^^H It JH iiiit lig)it«-'(l, iiialacliesa mattitialmyyoii^h, / haee t/t twt ^^| ^^^H Light, h'shawte\ch Machcqueo, a s!tou) ^^M ^^^H A 1.V0D, vttacateai Maujjoit*-, ffifat ^^H ^^^H To lift up aiiy ttiirg, ivJMpunn^ Muisiuifiumuiiiit), straiiherrifi$ 1 ^^^1 mun. Matchkore. a stari'i skyn m ^^^1 Lightning, kecuttanvowas Mincliiii (]uit'e> miucbic, eal yuM 1 ^^^H^^^^^^^H IKDIAN LAN'OUAOE. ^^M Mftttftqiieaatoroth, / understand A mortcr, tacca}u>oe, vtirtH-k. ^H ■tfoir wnt ■ The morning or sun nsu, pcrju*- ^^| MauiHsuini toVinok, a amatl birdnf mieh ^^M dir^rit ciitlors The moniiiifj is faire, ptJajMsaat, ^^M MQlinwke, ft j/ourrf nscirnlsnh ^^| Meroalbaclu-s'suta, a yowig boy A niuatb, wohwhaiok ^^H MiiyniiKfi, / htu'e yt mn To morriAv, raiah, vimaufh ^^H MoitiiiMfkcji, a mofeia the groH'nd A mot]>ei', vcli ^^| Moiiyuawgb. a turkeif A ma(isdie. (fm sutt ^^H Messetonaance. a btard Nepuncho neir, / am dend ^^| A man, tiurmteiik N«U»p])er, sit doniic ^^H A Hint niaile of reeds, nnanaeeoon NiippHwe, nU'i'pe ^^H A nwrteni, woK/iuvitrHs Nr;<'luia, tt child ^^M A mnrried man, umriiurijk uiauah Nplap, mij deare friend. ^^H Maneaten, inHixanit'ji'fftinh Not? wana til soil n, I Iiave /ojffvllm ^^M The marrow of a liou*^, uvitnb Nekut. 1 in rtamber ^^H A mnrryiier or aenmaTi, rfmhtnv Niuge, a in nowhcr ^^H A match, nmlrriruoc Nt)U^uugh, 3 til nomlier ^^| To niakt! hri'ail, apomiocaiurxutch N(isim\\'es, 8 />i noviher ^^H Tn mnke a apoanp, ampcnnomindij Nin^Tpprikp, V!tl in nnmhcr ^^H To malcp a dish, rtcfro/ifrnK Nocmrh amino Wketiiw, tmnd -up ^^| T<] nmkt H fnmiii t)r lK>ati% phjj- thejier ^^H (Mi-Hm'**!)) wii. ohiowmn Nchjipper knpper, nt fntlher ^^| To make a grave, ri/rffl/iamun- Namaske, nAiueahe, Ji»h '*f umj ^^| owrpfti- kind ^^H To Tuakc! a mut, cA^sswrinrtrtrtsKn Netlikeciii, the no»e ^^H Toniakealjasikci, niftH«o(M(7if'Mi()i Xeputte. the teeth ^^H Mealfi Hnd flower, rouhc*U, rmi^k- N'lM'au^liLoiui, put iHi ijmtr hat ^^H aeieh Nahtijhough, I have yt ^^M Miriih^ mftde of gynny wheat called Nftked, nepoii'irer ^^M rsfrWj'ftrtWn'i A napkin itriiny\ynuea,iTKilns8mh ^^H To melt, pmseyttfaclaira* The neck of any ihinf*. Jiuifproik ^H To he melanclioly or sad, maefd- A nett, aitssab, hucouhs ^^H haan Nt'^il, rtaMjk ^^H Jlilke made of walnutts. pocohx- A nettle, matiitsaan ^^M tfiiara Tl]e nest nf a bird, wnhchesao ^^| Milke, mutMun XuL-r«j \ty or iK-xt tiaiid, pntevh ^^H To misse th*? hole, f!«ttto6«wc»Ao New moone, ituckimjnn ^^| ^^V 19S nicnoNAiLiE op tkr ^^^^^^^| ^^^H Night, tapaeak, reihcmrfi Peketawes, beanrt ^^^^^H ^^^m Nu or nay, matnh, tak PtH':lie,/f/fA yr />rij»jr ^^^^^| ^^^H Nciiir, raivwaienil Prill liiiaii^^h, a rupe ^^H ^^^H The noise of a |ie&c«, or liiU of a Pe^'nimiit&, ihreed ^^M ^^^H tree, jienim PasquehamoD, to tale ^^H ^^^H Nu morr, taichs E'nwtow liijiie iHikutaii, bioK tiie fitr V ^^^H I will driuk uo more, uutvirqien- u-ilk your uunith ^^H ^^^M cup PuiigUT, athet ^^M ^^^H The iiurlh, Hehfila PfCtarkqudth, tkiiniier ^^H ^^^H A uut hltLi ft ftmitll acron, goeJ Pokorniiso, n mlnfrali tttnne V ^^^^^^ meat, chechuuiutimmt Pokiu. pokeyougb, to Uhe wuigir 1 u'atfr 1 ^^^v Pamjnuk, a ffoard ^^M ^^^ff Ojr^vkerough, a bren, a /owle like Pokoaack, a tfun ^^H ^^^^B ijiioae PichHtinim, an exruifeilt fAom ^^H ^^^H Ott.'V'jtK.Miimia, to tears or rent Pitsluinjatb, mulberries ^^| ^^^^1 an;/ ifiiurf Poiighkoue, lJi» ted paint m lii/e ^^ ^^^H Ockiiiit^UitJi, 1? tauMflt of a ffot' Pcyilgh, rfiititiiiiy H ^^^H Pickultji, the gum vre hold baltomc 1 ^^^H Ou;{liL:ti»augOj-tb. U tithaeca hag Potawnu^li, u porptis M ^^^H Owaiiniigh, who hath this Pumiin'e, A ill nomher ^^^^ ^^^1 Onxc, a fox Paspcao, to tfalke aboxU ^^H ^^^H Ockquuiii<. a watchef coulartid bird Pjsniwuii, a dtti:k V ^^^H Opoiiinit.'f. riiesmittif Puskorath, the fjold aparkn in lA# ^J ^^^1 Ou^h. ift is well snrtcf ^^1 ^^^H Oii^hnu.li,/iii-<>j^' Peiuingu. jertnt tlntm ^^H ^^^H OwHu^h, an ettye Pec'ohack, a bodkin or oU ^^M ^^^^B All uiiru, tshiti/uicaiis PatuhqiuL]iis:^ii. a hat ^^H ^^^H An oalie^ tree, poawnmind^ Piikontjits, a ytrdle ^^H ^^^H Oystem, camraih A parret, massacnininndg ^ ^^^H All olil itiiitt, ratifruttnutcli Perle, mntoannnk ^^^H An old wumiiii, rtuuipseig Perle muiihell shells:, tt^aaqtfork ^^^B To open the (lore, tenuetatoweft Feaze, cssaulameiis, otaasanta- . ^^^H Tossicokear mens ^^^H Tu o|H?ii ouHH eye», vdapungvaren A pence of & poi or a pot sheard, ^^^B Am otter, or riab«r a Lever, poK- rtimmasvtcendff ^^^H fii'vwh A yccci^' of lireail. rowcar appous ^^^H An ottpr, ctitfark A peHtle, pocahaae ^^H ^^^H Ouly oue, ?iitantMah-Heeut Tht) pipe U stopt, opole^ough ^^H ^^^H Out, or yi. is pluckt out, aumpus' A pin. pijcohnoc ^^H ^^^H To pinch, lupknhatinan ^^H ^^^1 Ovtt, away, nr get jnii goue, kdj A pii]gi<>ti, toirafqiri)ius ^^H ^^^H To orcrset, or ii l>otit to Lume A u-uoJ pidgeon, qunnunats ^^H ^^^H keclo up, ciiiniipf^Hneaw To pisae, nhekijn ^^H ^^^1 An uwk, (fwutujataiatk A pikt!, u-ijbtoiittn ^^B Porredg or brotli, noumptprtmrn ■ ^H A post, mt'ihtoram 1 ^^^H Po1c«t;in'As, ti7i^>il ^"^'""'''" """■" J F , J ^^^HjHBP^^H IfTDIAN lANOUAOE. 193 ^^| A polecat, cuttenamvwhiea Hayne, camzcwan ^^M A pwt, flfiCrtiyM'iwa A rayuhow, i/wmuuicut ^^H To powro out water, qwatahacum- A rattlt?, 8«ch an they use in tlipir ^^H licnan ceremonies, made of a goard, ^^H To powre in water, vsowcunnemi chuiffLmivvnawk ^^^| The p)\e, nuinvuigwaia A ratT, antnwk ^^H To iiluck up. »«wifflo«'i*m«iH(?lw A reed, uehmakah ^^H A jilayster, tiitttticvumluh Rent or torn, lttttn4CU-h ^^| A plonib atonL', maquaacawtwmetl A river, tfocaanla ^^H A plomb very delitioua when yt Ripe, uiingateah ^^H i» ripe, jmfkttmmg Not rijie, vseanriewh ^^H A playse, tivw^ii To rise u]i, pamnf/weur ^^H To play at any game, nuinianfu The rynd of a tree like hemp, ^^M /en'rtmw cl^snwk ^^^1 The privities or secret of a mau, A riug, veherein»k«jm ^^H pocohaac A rose, pustaqirembun ^^H Prayor, tnauiiomommaon To rowie or tose, as a ship, vtiuo- ^^M To coiue to pmier, jujahtamaon ^^H A punipeoi], makcawij To row, tchijmnoc ^^H A purse. vUamainijiwih To rost, apoiissau! ^^H To pull, nnmviavmon The root of tobacco, vppoo-chappoc ^^H To pull yt out, necanlordi A rout, rkhappoc ^^^k To put yt in. peinder A rope or mnl, pemuntrtaw ^^H To put onanj-tLinf;, jmttohiqicnsur To run, m-iaii/innr ^^H To put off any thing, puiiiiqu^un- Rushes, cakekfsqm ^^H ttenidff To Cut ru::i* ^^H ^^^H skuw Strong, foiidU'A ^^H ^^^H To sing or dance, eaute-canta To Hlep or go np. netoirsun ^^B ^^^B To sit dovrne, nmrjiin The stinging of a Biiske. Ttag- 1 ^^^^T To »iL iieiiror, otaxiotiifftfopttT voonrf ^^H ^^^K To tic sick, (irmwiiiitisnouth To t-trikd fisr, boeata oc kok ^^H ^^^K The singlo of r dcare, wyushaqmni To stjnrk, mmtta ^^H ^^^H A t(pn The sun, Uenhowae ^^^k ^^^H The ttUjii or fur of a hare, irnsa- fHiiii ritJL'. \id(; tunnxiog ^^H ^^^H ti>uu sett, qwuniwuh ^^H ^^^H A sheldrake, rowluiicaivk To Slip, or to have bene at supper. V ^^^^M To kloep -, iicjwiin mealstm ^^H ^^^H A Hhiwanni.', apoitscaat Summer, cnirawtauih ^^M ^^^H Smuake, itekvpeniftuuh To suck. cindi'troHt'nr ^^H ^^^H To ^mell, nitHitriciraiitin A sword, tiiuiiohiican ^^H ^^^H I'll tinort, nciiaaTuiUnnidtinn To Hwcat, vehttwfhiiss ^^H ^^^M To suit ones nose, trtanmqwun To s^'ym, foosA-t'im ^^H ^^^H Snow, To swell, cimnatimi* ■• ^^^ ^^^H Tt 8now(;th, rookmph cvan A Hwau, u-M/iHsxuirc ^^H ^^^H A snake, VLd(> ndder To swallow, quantitmun ^^H ^^^H A snaile. pmniihaum To Hwei^pe, tud-fhh-a ^^H ^^^H To sdw or Hetf. wbf^iit, Mtittusfiiii To Hwym a9 a peece of wood or ^^H ^^^H To »uw wilh 11 iiccdle. IiuJujiKitnun fnatJu'r ou the HTiU-'r, piippo- 1 ^^^H A Bore, mdhkeih quahauns ^^H ^^^^H To Hoiike hr»n(), nepokeimnamu ^^H ^^^H The soiile or vitall hreatb of man, ^1 ^^^H nt'fuhetstinh Tanggo, fef in« ^fp i^i ^^^ ^^^H A e^iELrrowh^M'ke, /atacnuincxmi Towaughe. « croiMe V ^^^H To KpealiM Moftly. Iiemntmti)d Ttinn. /(»,)Mi/i (Ji fj'«*« ^^B ^^^H A »qiiirrelt, t»ii;!riit<-/( Taniokiii, 'o it»>tifint« ^^H ^^^H To lookc ftsqiiiiit. jterrmgtju'ak Tauoain, a stoule ^^H ^^^H A Nlur^iJan, riippotonn Tan^pqwalli, a/tirrfi like a aahW» V ^^^H A Ririitg, vide hutht-r Tamnhake. a h^trhfM 1 ^^^H A stone, ahacakocuH Take yt, vntouh I ^Hmi^^^BP INDIAN ULNO^AOE. ^^M To take up wiih u spoouo, mtut- Vmpaquoth, the moons ^^^k siih'UHun Vnugh, u word vf wonder ^^H Til iiikv ufl'. ranaunnemum- A vaine, ufreHnir ^^H To take one prisoner, nscakes- A village, letiOHitn ^^H suttun Tii'l^iiiiit, 'i'senahcommacah ^^H To tnkoUjbacLiti, tispcsseniaanpooc Vmifinumtli, rtsheiiieindifij ^^H To Uiko liet'd, ainuvnir To unclose h.Rnds, j}t-iivmim ^^H A tiirj:;etl, ritfH(e;iM7ir>frfr I uiulerstHiid nell, kemtefiautoin ^^H Tlin laile of any thing, wusfuiifwu-u I uuilemttmd itoL, riialukennoirn- ^^H To t»;U one any tiling, cvtUrak tfirawh ^^^1 To throw a tliitiR away, apacet A vine, wapapamrndgit ^^H TlnmJer, rumhjfuiif ia.uk. ^^1 A tliigb, ivtiijiprann ^M These, yotfhs Weyans, the teane of any ilmij ^^| Tliis. iforrkk WirikoweheeB, n hare ^^^| Tlncail, ptmmnthntoait Wapii], a slab ^^H Tlio Thiiml), v!{ftfijii:(tirUeindg Wy^otonoanH. a beard ^^| The tliiaat, leijaranlaak Winp<% yaaiTDW ^^H Tliree. n'iJi Woiissicket, a running brooke ^^H Tolinct'o. vltpnnc Wou^htathe, to fuym ^^H A tobacco ]ii[>e, vhpuocnn Wecoekt*, the yard of a racone ^^H A tiiliacwi bag, vttuuinneoih Wniisrktui, a tione ^^H The toliacco is good, wingutMe Wiuf^gnpn, my beloved friend ^^H upooc Wingau, 'jiiod ^^H The ttibacco is naught, kaihtrnwik Winguucune, ?'rrr^ i^nn// ^^^| p'tfie A waayv to t«ko lisb. iieiksaean ^^H A ttiwiio. )HkR«njii« A waliiut, ahstnimunji. paakmitis ^^^ Tln! l.rtiyiK! uf u bii-(l, ott/neuein To wa.sh lliu fai'i', h-nf.iipyunn ^^H A tree, meihtttra To wash the liami, kfwiivindeher ^^H A greeue tree, a^irofam't^ To Vi-a^h any tiling;, ^r..iiSfMH'utt ^^H A Viiilnut tree, astiunnoin^iuilfftf Water, saiprahan ^^^| An oakH troe, pnammrindg A wari, viHhkfin ^^H A tm'llo, oi:co«(0(/*'//r»/f To wariue one, fxiAfttaornun ^^| A sen turtle, (Hir<:Mj//;tfwft Yt is vnirme or hot weather, ^^H A turd, vif)U:h chiiiijiasum ^^H A tiu-key, monanaxv To waken, vnamun ^^^k A turkey cock, oApanno The waves of the ^ea, aqwaskav:- ^^^k To tame or (jike up the oooleSt wav^ ^^H c)igk£ssmrutH To ^valke, pairpaii-Tnear ^^H Txvjnicd thrf^od. pemucqrreraneind ^Voake, kesshetnaiic ^^H Ti> ije or mttke ikst iiuy thiug. Weary, euttn^'een ^^H C((.f/ju;j7(. Attas(]wii9, weMos ^^H To weepe. mimmaich ^^^ V. Yt is well or yuough, ufimattuwk ^^H Vemanee, a king or a great man Wekome, or tlie word of greeting, ^^H Vniioth, takf tjt wingnpo, chamah, netab ^^H Vaqujou, an arrow A welt, ohcaxrooc ^^H Vui|iseinen apook, drinelt, tobacco The weist, aUagwassfmna ^^^| ^^H 106 DicnoNABif! Of rntB insi&n i.akguage. ^^^^| ^^^B Wett, nappe A mtmim's breast, otaut ^^| ^^^H Wliat is your namo? caeuUer^- A womiiti with chiltl, potnevieh V ^^^H vindg kear A woman queeiiP, wiranaiuqua ■ ^^^B Wliiit i* his name ? eaculterexcindfl An old woman, tumjiaeis ■ ^^^H A little wormo or mngot, mmciah ^^^ ^^^H WliBt lA my namti? eacutt^windff Wood, mutkeis ^^| ^^^M A woimd, nepociittokeau ^^M ^^^H Wlien, tanon diiiuk Tfao world, pumaiaaivuh ^^M ^^^H Whuni Imvuyuii hafn, tanaowattm A woolf, ntrantam ^^H ^^^H To whet, nusaesgqwus To wrastle, mnmareintrFlun ■ ^^^M 'Whelpeit, apouhok-komim To wrap or wiud up any thiug, H ^^^1 Wheat, poruUau-es nnwxteuqttaput 1 ^^^B A wheat plomh. assesdim ^^H ^^^M Wheat parcht in Uie fier, aparon- ^1 ^^^^M menutis Ycafiankan, a Aomss ^^H ^^^B White, opah'wk YeokiinrA, a river ^^H ^^^H To whiHtle, qifiiUqwtnm Yeougli, 4 i» iwmhfT ^^H ^^^H A whiting, tUeitsimk To j'n%vn« or giijw, faicnlw^i^nfffr ^^H ^^^1 The small n-ynd, rou-Jwinnvwh Yellow, oussanack ^^M ^^^H A greut wyiid, jnahqintih Yftfitvrilay, o»a{oh ^^H ^^^^M A wife, WDiiufoasfi Yi;a »v yoti, cup/fh ^^H ^^^H A wing, vtfocnniiuc Yonder or fiu- off, yoaxvieh ^^M ^^^H A widgeou, ponomuwus YoTigor, uiarnirs ^^H ^^^H Will jou gon home, ■niimma Yon, hear ^^M ^^^m Wioter, puppaamtoK ^^M ^^^H To vriufl ubiiut, /'os^uriurjraics ^M ^^^H A wonun, eiitssenepo Zanckone, to mee$* ^^| ^^^^H ^^1 1 J ^^^^^^^^I N D E f^^^^^^^^^l ^^0^^* ^H Aeoohanock, rlvor of, 41 Bttrlow, Capt.j with Cnpt. AtDsdas, ^^^| diHcovuni litiiurioak, 8. 142 ^^^| Aoeuiuack, rivur of, 41 Aci]UfLnachutLB. people living near Pow- Biuhaba, principnl kin^; of the pny- ^^^M lta.taQ'ii territcriee, 41 vinoes about ItuauoiLk, IttO ^^^| AoquintonacBuiik, people; upou the ri- Birii) ufVirglum, 125 ^^^| ver Pewtuxout or DiikoH river, 30 lliHQiuyau pilot, his iitippiiB«d oonuuum- ^^^| Acuzaniill, 3s. of C-ukuidi;!, 6 citii-iiii ti'i ColuuJiliUii, fi ^^^1 Altiu-H tiDd oflbriiigs of tbt; luilUtie, ^S Boats nijulo tiy tbe IndiatiK, 6S ^^^| Alum miii'Ofii, rupurl of tbe lutlvuis ixi^ii- Browster, Capt., witb C'apt. Arf^)U, ^^^| ccjTiiiig, 33 doft-crovM two towns in r«v«nga fi^r ^^^| Amadaa. 0*pt,, wit U Captain Barlow, dit(cvvtio> Kiiiuicwk, 8, li'i tlio tai^C' doalm); of TovkouftkiJitaco, ^^^| ^^M AiiiB.iJrt« liny, 8 Burialii of iho li)iiiii.tui, &(t ^^^M Aitiuricus Venputiun, bia iJiiioov«r7 of Button, C'O.pt., lijst ijxpfxiition in MJtrd) ^^^| America, 1119 ijftbeiivrtb-wv«tpaBsago,withCa.pt». ^^^H Antan, Streights of, nninufl Fretum lu{;raui and Ucleonj H ^^^M trium &atnm3, aftertlie three breth- ^^^M i«n. 2i ^H Aniiimla of Vb^inia, 122 ^^H AntiiDUDy, minB of, foiuid by Gapt, Cakit, ilrihu, ; UIa ilittorivurieM, 139 ^^^| Arj3f.ll, 39 Cnhat, Sulinitinn. grund pilot of Eng> ^^^| Appamatuckii, puople Uviiig upon tb« land und^r Edward VI, Ul ^^H A[ipEimatuck rivar, 85- Landlivt of [lijio or fir troe used liy tbo ^^^| Aquaacagoke. n town diacorerocl dur- Indinns, ^^H iajr th^ expeditiaii uudiji- Sir R. Ca.wcaw>wi(ti!l «kioni ^^^H Oreuvillc, 14i o£ tb« C'lieuliitbuuitaa, 02 ^^^| ArgoU, Capt., biH uilvbnturu on Pii- CuwHoti, (i«urin!i, an EctgltAlictiiui taken ^^^| priijouor iind killed by Powbtitrui, S2 ^^^| CtiKJikAwwou, on the Patawihiuook or ^^H tawonsock river, 36 ; (Uewovent tniniiH of AUtluioiiy »nfisaua fthoat Ilia r^li^on, ti8 Chawi>nocka, peopio Uviiift near Pow> ^^^| hii.bin'e territunos 41 ^^^| AnuH used Lj tlie LiidiBiii>, 105 Arrohn.tBokB, peopbi living upon tlio Checlioliainlaa, thr, n poopb; npnii thi^ ^^^H Ivinp'a river, 3S river (.tVilckalumiaiiia, wbn vt-rva ^^^H Are«nitk atone, used bj the Indiana Pawhaton in Wm want, 61 ^^^| to colour th«maelv€8, flS Oh«ohinquaruiriH, a kind of gmn used ^^^| as tow by the Indiana, 72 ^^^| AninduU, 'I'hiM., Lord Wanlour, sends out Ca.pt. George Weynjcmth in Cb^aapeakit, jMNipla living upon tlui ^^^| 1605, U9 Kiug'H HVLT, 92 ^^^H 19B INDEX. ChcnpMJt. lt. Oa»- nnld, IM Oolimboa, Dtftboioaiaw, (nata witk Uniy VII about U> knthw'e oftr. 6 ColumlHM, OirwbiithM-, hw offer to Uocuj VU. A ; Of MipiKiMNl vutU' MttBfaatiKi wlUi Uw Diauaiviui uUot* ConhnMiaM tad biTochUom of th« ladiaM^Ua Coanar ndoM, S6 ; nport i4' tlu la. aua» oaaeeflUOft 33 CoppM- bfMigtit into Vir^ni« hy th* SwUab ttuiuopuUMd bjf PuwhaUu, Oop|Mr miM imw Um rlr«r Maratock or Hoanokc, 140 CanU, whit«, lued oa lui ornaaMut b; Uw Indiui watntoi, I4S Com, tlio luiljaii mode ofdniMineit, 73 CrvaUnu, ««!>« of an wUad calKid, or the nuutti cniM of Vir^rioia, 13 CuttktAWoawn, upon the Toppabuuxik sf Qomd's nrer, S7 D. DwHwa (£ the IndiMM^ 80 Oftvia^ Crnpt. Robort, briiigtm))pliM l« tbeoolony U Sa^uuleboo, 17S Otdaware Ihf, dieoownd bjr Chpt. ArgoU. 43 Dnk«, Kr Fnuida, wrives mt Koanoak, and «Dd«Lvoant to uait tbe otlnnjr, 1 17 ; takoa thu pkntcn with Uiio to Knj^tuid, 148 Duka'* river, or Pftwtuxont, S8 SinoUkn of lh» bdia-n ohUdren, UO BBafaath rivar, or Fatikwcincvk. 3S EUfi^iath Idlnnd, dbwovcreU by C»i}t. OtMnoUl, 1S6 InpkifniioiiU of cho lodlAa women. 111 F. Foativala, roligioui, of the Indiuia, 91 nUi oi Viiviuia, 12tl Fkhltij;, InUirui uifiilo of, 6S, 76 Friniiiia. Ci^itiuiK, hi* n>fi«rd rmtpeutuig Oiv thrto: iTotbron who paawd Iho Jiknigbt* of Auimi, 24 Fmlt* cultinvtod bjrtlw IndianB, ti; vS\"afpoim. 117 FkobUier, Uir Uartin, lueiiliooB a f or- tngoeoa who pntiMd the Sirei([bt« uf Aiuan. 24 a. Ostam of the Indiana, 77 Oat«a^ i^Tlius.. ti«ut«iuuit-geDMal of tikQ Dolonjr of Vii^nia^ 00 George, SL, island << diiM»T«»d ij 0^1)1. Gkuvb Weyiiian, wo named wbrai viNJtfqT hj CnfiU. Pophara aod (JillHTl, ]»!« GillicTt, Sir Humphrey, grant of Qu«en EUxabothto. 8 OUbart, <>tf>t. DartLoloRiew, mttewhh Capt. CtianoW to Virninia, 1S3 ; tboir diaccn-vriM. I£t> ; iMMit out with tliv voluiiy to S*^faat. PopJtam to tb* rivar Pttiiiaquid. ISlf; tbi-y Beanh fiirafit plaoefortbdrplAnta- tian on the riv^r Sa^haJcbock, 172 ; ooininonoc :i wttU-mviit, 173; gOM in Mnn!ji af tb« river »f Pono)H>TOt, 174 ; bin lulrenturo with Oto Iii'lians ibt the rivor of ^ioghadobock. 176; returns lit Eii^-Und with dii: colnEi;, 178 QinUea of ailk gnum irnvrlo by the Id- dUiu,68 Ooanold. Crvpt. Bnrtholoinov, saila with C^pt. Oilbcrt to Vir^nia, 15a ; hilt (Uwnovery «f Cjh* Cml. 42, 155 ; c1iiMv>ven Miutbii'ii ViueyarU, Gob- nold'u iMbtnd, iiiul Gliwibiilb bibiud, 124} ; itncl«aTnurii Ut Tnrm a ■wttl»- Riciit, 157; oblij^uJ to rotum to KntilAnd, ISS Gmmold's Island, dieooverod by Oqit. Ooniold, 156 GK>urgvt», UumiDiqiietU, ofRourdaaux, hb ravenm upun the Spaalarda For their emfllty at Nova FVtmcbi, 9 QoYvmmcnt of the IndluiK, fit* Omoc befbre nionl oeortii(itju U> i-ayitiikatiUik. Stf, 61 Ki-iiipit, lui Iijitjiui, who gHve iiifarmii- tioii rfcapi-rtin^' Powhatan, £3 Kei^iiotnui^ti, bruthur gf PowhHtan, 62 KiuK >■ rivur, or I'uwliatiui, duauriptiuD Kiiiliiak. on the sotith side of the river I'lvmiiiivlw*. S5 Ku«iiiirHW(.Hili, river o^ 41 L. Lntiu, Rjilfo, nudo gOVLrtior uS tho Kr>liuaunoni|Uiv pcwfc, 161 M luitlttfi tifftsathera worn by t1 le women, 6!> Mn.ntt(irk, riv«r of, naxr cn.Ued ttna- iiokv. 146 Maric^ock Applu, poiiiiiiin Howlt, benrs finjit in Virpnin, flO; mittivnttKl by tho Inilian. 72 ; d««rnpti<:>n of. 119 Marriajiw of liie liidimtB, lOU Mitrtlm'H Viiioynrd, cliewoTur^ by Capt. Goanold, 15ft Ma»*awoni«c)ca, eneniieii of the Saaqiie- ealiAinjugx, 40 ; DnuuuuH uf PuwLintiui, M&ttf^janicnt, jvcoplo upon tlw? Uhat Fawliixunt «r Iluk«'a river, &6-39 ftltHlioind of tho Indinne, lOB Midendi-A, Pt^dni, liis cruelly to the Frenoh K^lony in h'ovA Francia, D MctiL Incoguita. ti KlitM'.^ iif Ilium iiirl i^ii|i]Mr, rf<]u>rt of Uic liidiatin i-iiiicvraiui;, 33 Mine of iintiiaony found by C*pt. Ar- giill, SV Wine nf IbtuI towad hy Cnpt. ArgoU, 3^ Minfimln fif VirffiniA, 13] MonuaivntN at the Indi;ut kiii^, 80 Mmincnnii, pttJiilc Ilviu)^ new Powhu- tMi'« t^rritoTwiH, 41 MomuijhtArutidK, pwiplnupiwitlie Top- patiancick or yuwoV river, 87 MouiilainB of VirginiJi, 'i5 Ikfouiitgomefy river, t>r PaynnkatiLnk, 8« 800 CNDBX. MuyocHMM, on tlie PtLbtwoioMk or EU- ulwtb riii in nesivli of tbe North wi-8t paaaage. with CaiitH, Uuttoti and Idjt^iui, 23 NetdfurfiaUiagmitdL-hy theIndtftiiB,7S NDwRjuriilhiud, ilwcov«T«d \>y John Ciiiwt, a NcwpiiTt, Citpt,, tnkf^ Ttuikiinukiateon unJ hix Buti priannGni, 5S >'oBKip!uia, river Mliojf into Uie river Ocuiiin, H3 NWi(^ pAwmgo, mippMteiil - vary, 23 NuHkamwnoks, pooplo living near Fow- liAtiLn'H territoricd, 41 O. Onths UMtd by the Incllniifl, 118 OcM}&m, river bvlvrc Rcis.Doi'ik, 143 ObolsHO, queen of CciliicttlintniLak*;, which Capt. Smith crJIs tjiiiyougli- rolmiMick, 63 Oiiawiiia.rii«nt, on the }'atam>inecl[ or Kliaalmth rivBr, 38 Opoctuinckewo, lirotherof Powhalan, 02 Opu»(Xiui(>nui«iiie, a. werfWMiciqua or qu«eTi ofri villnpj "f Appwiiatuuk, Bli Orapftkn, the ])!ac» where Pwwljatan Temnvwi nftor h« left Werowoco- moco, 49 Ottenatdc, a tititi on'owluitui, iS Osiaiei^ people u]ioii ilie 'I'oukwu'gh or Elydnej river, 4 1 P. Pxmftcnciicic, on the Pfttawomeck or Elizabeth river, 38 Pameik, town on the river Occam, H3 I^uuunck river, or Priace'o river, 35 F»quippe, a laJceiUnL-ovurMl during the ■ exiiedltioii un(}«r Sir R.Oiwu vlUe, l44['j PuanuDt, one of Powhatan '« iom, 59 l^wtahdghiw, pwjpls living upon tba King^ rivCT, 35 PfttAwomeck, or FIliEabelh riv«r, 88; Indians, their religion, 99 Fkwtiuunl, p<»ijplfl upon the river Paw tuxunt, 39 PayankiLlank or Mountffomery rivor, tb« poo|(lctiun>risaxl by Puwhstui, SB Penrk mnpoHoa to bo found in the lAke of Virginia, 132 P«iuaqui(l, river of, disoovi»cot, moaotiUna new the rivBT of. 1«7 Peruy, Cikpt, Qtiorgo, tomponry precd- dunt of thv oolony, 41 and 59 Pi|iiiiimi, formerly weroanoe of Coiaeoba* , wauk«>. but deposed hy Puwliatiuif £7 ; his chief wife, tbn Kbtte in. i which ehe lit> ; th«y neck a fit place fur thcitr Kcttluniimt on tlw rivor tia- ^mlehoo, 172; oomiaimce a settle- ment, 173 ; his death, 179 Potft|>oco, on the Patawomeck or BE- xabetli rivtr, HH i'owtitl. Ensign, with Enwign WiJkor, sent hf CapU Oeoive Percy to sur- priis and kill Wowtooliapiitick, &9 Pvwhntan vr King's river, dcwcriptioa of. 93 Powhabuis, a people of Virginia, 87 Powhatan, his ooiHiueKt of the peo]>la ^ of PiiyanknCank, 36 ; hia connuot to , INOEX. 201 tlio Etiglinh, 87 ; Klb bia binUiriglit tu tliB Kuglirth in 1601), iti ; lim b(>iui(U of Kb ei«|iirK, 48 ; lii« cliief seat at Worowcworriooo, (iAi.-rwardi« at Urspfkke, i9 ; iloHuription iif liim, 19 : hia fear of the Gnglisli, BO ; hw chinning, 50; liia {runnln, !j\ ; h'la lumle of puuishing ctfluudvre, !i2 ; his multiplicity "f wouiun, 53 ; ihti na.me4 -if aoiue of hia wciiien, 5-4 ; bis children, &4 : tbo inannur in wbioli ho is waited on by tlie woinoii at ti)i^^ Ri ; Ilia house at Urt>|iaks, wbere he keeps lits treasurer, fi4 ; cataioguc of ttie weroiui-ctMuuder htB government, 55 j bia (Mmquegt at Kekonghtan, 61 ; hia da.ugl^ter Po- (ihLkbuiiLis, ti<]ii tif au ludiiLti Ktratii^uj ill wiLTj 107 I'ritinu'R river, nr Fruijundi rivwr, 3fl l*r(ipliea of the Indiana, 101 Vryn. Maxtin, hia captuio bj lh« Spa- niitrdii, 103 Q. Qoecc's river, or Toppahanook. 87 ■ Quintun, bo&ta of ^e Virgiuiaos, tlic tn!UiiiF;r rtf Miiiking tbetii, 75 Qii'iynngh, brj-iuih of the L'atttwuiiiuitk river, 88 QuiyuuLdictihanocks. pooplo living upou the Kiriji'M river, 8S Quiyciiiyhiiuiartcks, or priesta, 82 ; their di6sB anil Qnuuncntai, 1^1 B. Ilaleiy;li, Sir WaltLT, Uih grant from Qnecn EHKa.bcstli, 8-1-11 ; nemlBout, in lS6i, Cii.pt. Antadad and Capt. Uarlow, 8-U2 ; in 15S&. iitmiU K.fln3t nmumandcd by Sir R. Orejivillu, 8-141; in ln87, Mnda n ncmmA uoloaj lo Uounuuk, under the co^ni- ntond iif Capt. Wliite. HS-8; nemls mpplieMbyuapt. Wliitutiilheciiluiiy, in 1£>90, 151 ; sends Samuel iliux tti Virginia, in 1602, li53 l{'?li(,'i>in of tho Indians, 82 Hi<.'limt>nd, Ms at, 31 Uivun of Uiewi^eak Ilay, S3 RjiAniMk, tJiBtMVfei-ed by Ciipt. iVuiadas iinil Ciipt- Bftrlow, fur Sir W. 11« Itagii, 8-1*2 ; 9itu«teiiy. I5CI; leavt-w Tor Kng^huid to u-bta.!!! b!upplii.«, 1£1 i iiu hiK retUTii in unnhle tn Snd ihu oiliiny, 1(12 Hoot* used hy the Inrliaivs invdidnally aud for patnlJD^, 121 S. Sa^riJiuiiit (if chitdren, 8J and 94 Sn^odtOTijck. rivpr of, vtj Storenoiiw* of tho Indians, 1 15 D D soa IMlKX. StraU^HD in wftrvKbiiriiMl by INiwln- tan to tiiD Kngtirtb, In; Siin. tbc, K'onhip pAid bim by ibe SuiHivtiUixi alxmt (lr« iUBun({ tho In- IiifIiiUia, IDS Ku«)U(iliAaii3li or lliiwnr Suai(U«iiihaiiL>u^. iM-itjilt! Hi-intr nr^u- I'uwluitjvn x tcmtiiriiTs 41 ; »lwcn|i- tinn rir Ihi'iii, SH ; Diirir nziv ^'i Sfdiuif river, or 1'uckwot,'h. 40 T. TnrknnrkintiUMi, an nlil wiriymnt^r nt WiuTaj4ki:i_v»ck , l;Jci-ii (ni* nifr I ly Cm>c. Nvw^t^rc, wiUi liiii el( n kind ofgraMK, L!h, iirSyiliify riv*:r, 4(1 T(ii.-kw»^bt«, ptHjiJt) living nv»r Paw- bnttiiM LtirritiiriOM, 4t Tii)F|i(ihiitii>c^*, Tipnn tlv! Ttip|iahanock ■ It tiur'-ii'i^ livi-r. !i7 T<)wnB of \' irfpiiiii, 7" 'IViliiite [Hiid U> Ciiwlintaii. SI Tucker, Daniull, iimVu^ ciiiii|ilaiat in fmiic^ l^■:lUll4t lli« ^paiiiunla wLo bitti eakjjtuiijil hini, IQ3 V. Virauia, (frHiid-dAti^hter of ffovvntar Wlilte, tbii fiivit child ofEnifliiib pa- reiiU Ixirii iti Aiuiinoj, l&l Viiyiiiin, llritauniA, itA btUluilit. 2S ; itti linimils. 23 ; >t« iJivUiimn, *J4 ; the hiyti l.tml .,r TlritaJiiiiji, '^i* ; luouiilajiui and rookit, 25 ; li»ui9«(i il>ir, tiii; itrtiftciAl color- ing. OS ; tliur bitir and form, iH ; tbtiirattin, tt4 ; drcM uf thu wnnwa. (iS : tltcir oraAinvtiu httii mode (^ piiiiiliuv; Uivir kkiii«, 04 ; the mode <>r luiir wMliuii jiniciuiud by the vo- iii<«i, M ; hoiul dnMMW, R7 ; ear- rings, 67 ; eoduriuicv «f cold outt heat, tS ; iliHixwitinFi, M ; Hvc niuda of takinjf iiHh, 38 ; uianu&ctunw, 6{1 : tbti ((rivernmsnC, 69 ; tnvrtii*, 70 ; bfj-UMW, 7''; [ruitK, 72 ; fuud, 7'^ 1 Uinte. 7^ ; titrisul Hpiiri by Ihit Wii- iiicii, 75 : iliHcTMit in>Mlc«> of fiohiiig, 7S i hunting, 7o ; giuiiMt, 77 ; in*n> uur (4 reuu|>lii>ii by « wuroAuiice, 7S ; muHic, 7^ : |)»etjy ami aont^i i 70 : d»ncii», W ; migW, S2 ; pri«8Ul and tcuipl<», 82 ; Ki^gritioM, t^4 ; inonumonU air Uk kiiit^, -Sii : buri- als, {lO ; priiKviiial tum^u ut I'a- lauuky, 90 ; |-«%ivuti fiMtivals, VI ; i»ii>jtinit.ii(iM, y2; Alton luiii u^si^ in^ it.t ; siiiti-wnnthi[t, {>$ ; wtoth- xv-ying with borba, 93 ; Micriticcii iif cbildnm, »i ; vmn, luO ; pruptiv- , BieH, 101 ; anuE, 105 : ilrunu, 107 J^] MrataKem in war, 107; Burjery, I'tS : nHnbuiaw. I'>S ; tnarriu^, tOI^ ; cdncatinn of the ctiildmn, 110 ; cna- bmi i>f tfivirjg MV«nvl namcK, 111 ; ijiiipluy iiieiibi iif Uie wou)«u. Ill J bii |>iirHtitii>ii Hbiiut tire auiuii^- lUe wntnen. 1 12 ; uuiiIloA uf [tine »r fir treu, lllf -, thtir mwiv ul'uoiivvaliiijj thfiir truafiiirax. Uil; uathii, 113; their niiide uf ciiJDivntiii{( nuixo, IIH; fi-uiu, 117; the uiitrwmuk, IIV; the tiickuwhutuh, 1'2I ; n>ut« itiHid nioiiiuiiiiilly iinu fur [minting,', 1-il ; t»b. 1:21; nniiiiAlfl, 1:^; binlN, 1:25; tiittlmr, 12$; laiiivraU, 131 i [wiu-Ib. 133 W, WuhuriHuniunwh, tlm ]Frupor naineaif IV'WliAtiLTi, 48 W:^r)ob««e, an Itidiaii brought t*.' Bog- buid by Ciipl4i. Ania^iftu luid ilorkiw, 144 WurniAoj-sck^. i>e''>plcliriagu{Kiii the nvor 1'owImUui ur KiogV river, 3a Ware of tlm liuliiuis. 100 WnyiiKXitb, 0.v|it. (leijr;^, biii vaytigt ii) llfU^. i'i; iwiit lAit in ltiy Thoo, Aruii'Ull, Wttnlour uf thu K:vr1 nfHiiiichnin)iTji». 1511 : hifdtNin- very ^if ttm rivrr i>I ^^aghlMtoboc, 169 J INDEX, 203 Weinock, a servant in Powhatan's confidence, 48 Weroance, meaning of the word, 61 ; niodt; of reception by a, 78 Werowocomoco, seat of Powhatan, 36, 49, 62 Went, Capt. Francis, Powhatan sella his birthright to him, he builds a fort called West's Fort, 48 West, Capt. William, killed by the Indians, 79 White, Capt., sent by Sir W. Raleigh with a second colony to Koono^, 8, 149 i returns to England for sup- plies, 151 ; goes to Hoanoak with supplies, hut not finding the colony, abandons the search, 152 Wicocomaco, river of, 41 INSTRUCTIONS TO BINDER. Map, to iace title. Plate of Autographs, to fece page xxxvi. The Susquehannah Indian, to &ce p^e 40. The king sitting among his women, to face page 53. llie Indian woman, to face page 65. Tlio dance, to fece page 81. The tomb of the Weroancea, to face p^e 89. Kl('llAltll«, llR). SI'. HAUTINH LnNK 3 blDS DOS aoi ti ,-n STANFORD UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES STANFORD AUXILIARY LIBRARY STANFORD. CALIFORNIA 94303-6004 (415] 723-9201 All books may be recoiled oFler 7 days ^DATE DUE Z8D APR 07^ DOC JUL \- ^f \