RAW DOWNLOAD (complete file, unedited except for this header) DESCRIPTION: Hakluyt, Virginia richly valued (1609), JCB copy, complete uncorrected OCR URL FETCHED: https://archive.org/download/virginiarichlyva00knig/virginiarichlyva00knig_djvu.txt DATE FETCHED: 2026-09-14 ============================================================================== vapolo n fe Qoansanaoon 0846 GHEUCKCOVOTUE TEES SOSCUCOS ea ROM ) COCUPL Y CREAR OIRNIPRONIRY FOU AAA ARR CePaedhoed soe NKAUDA- BAU ZONE a K 7 3) 4s Win ? \ _ tichly valued, . a aN Novy, yy ge «By the defeription of the maine land of % HB Florida, her next neighbour: . Outofthe foure yeeres continuall trauell and difcouerie, : for aboue one thoufand miles Eaft and Weft, of i Don Ferdinando de Soto,andfixehundred | is ea able men in his companie. is _ Wherin are truly obferued the riches and fertilitie of thofe parts, abounding with things neceffarie, pleafant,and profitable | for the life of man: with the natures and difpo- i at 2 fitions of the Inhabitants. | Written by a Portugall gentleman of Eluas,emploied in : _ all the action, and tranflated out of Portugefe iE by Ricuarp Hax ivrr. : a Ny ¥ - 5 i. re ViPees: Ny 1, : 4 ; Ce ; iter: #)) AT LONDON e Vo Printed by Furrx Kynosron for Vatthew Lownes, . _ _ andareto be fold at the figne of the Bifhops r headin Pauls Churchyard. a Ms es we cae aia 3 ; ie 2 Ne , = — * * } WS ZE O yo = Ae EQ $I A $ yy " \ ! I 9 Fa }} hae Cs yy : Udy \ L. f i js rae eer) ae » &> =73 fi} . “I, at od AY r w Sar ey FS I! aS / Ay) Ve rs) SA) BY NX “cap g ~ > y ~ cat y wire SAGES SSF oP RSC « 3 = — : WSS AES HONOVRABLE, THE Right Worfhipfull Counfellors, and others the cheerefull aduenturors for the aduancement of thae Chriftian and noble plantation in VIRGINIA. By His worke,right Honourable, right Wor- a hip(ull, and the reft , though (mall in 4 /hew, yet great in [ubflance, doth yeeld z| much light to our enter prifenowon foot: ua, whether you acfire to know the prefent epee and future commodities of our countrie ; - or the qualities and condstions of the Inhabitants, or what courfe is beft to be taken with them. Touching the commodities, befides the generall report of Cabeca de Vaca to Charles the Emperour (who firft tra- welled through a great part of the Inland of Florida, mext adtoyning upon our Virginia) That Florida was the ti- . cheft countrie of the world; and, that after hee had found clothes made of cotton wooll,he faw gold and chap. 3s, filuer,and ftones of great value: Ireferre you firfi to the rich mines of gold reported to be in the prouince of Y upaha, and defcribed iw the twelfth Chapter of this T reatife to come withimonr limits: And azaine, tothe copper hatchets found ia Cuuifachiqui, fanding vpon ames of Santa Hele- : : | Rae ‘ daenas Ser oceans 4 / eg ‘é ‘ iia i) iz ‘ I Dy Bien, The Epiftle Dedicatorie. nawhich were faid to haue a mixture of gold. It [ecmeth alo shat the laft Chronicler of the Weft Indies, Antonio de _ Herrera, (peaking of the forefaid. River of Santa Helena, : which flandeth in 32.degrees and an halfe, alludeth to the Decad.3 lib.%. pronince of Y upaha,za thefe words : Yel oro,y plata,que alte hallaron, no erade aquellatierra, fino de 60.leguas, adentroal norte, de los pueblos dichos orapales y.Ol4- gatanos,adonde fe intiende,que ay: minas.de oro,plata, y cobre. That isto fay, That the gold and filuer which they found, was not of that countrie (of Santa Helena) but 60. leagues diflant toward the North, of the townes called Ota- pales amd Olagatanos,where we underfland that there are mines of gold, filuer, and copper. By which reckoning thefé rich mines are in the latitude of 35.degrees and an balfe. I defire you likewife to take knowledge of the famous golden pronince of Chifca, firetching further to the North wheres Chap.13. of te Cacique of Cofte gane notice to Ferdinando de So- to in the towne of Chiaha,affirming,that there were mines of copper,and of another mettall of the fame colour, faue that itwas finer, and of afarre more perfect lufire, and farre bet- teria fight,and that they ufed it not fo much, becaufe it was fofter. And the felfefame thing was before told the Gouernour an Cutifachiqui: who fent two Chriftians from Chiaha with certaine Indians which knew the countrie of Chifca, and the language thereof, to view it, and to make report of — Chap.23- phat which they fhould finde. We likewife reade not long af- | er,that the Gouernour fet forward tofeckea prouince called Pacaha, which hee was informed to be neere unto Chitca, where the Indians told him, that there was gold. “And in Chap.24. another place hee {aith , That from Pacaha hee fent thirtie harfemen and fiftie footmensto the proxince of Catu ca, tofee if fron thence he might tranell to C hifca,where the Indians Said, there wasa morke of gold and copper. So thas here is. ie ee ; ie Soure: The Epiftie Dedicatorie. four times mention, and that in fanctrie places, of the rich and famous olde mines of Chifca,and that they lie beyond tise mountaines toward the North, ouer which ey were not able to tramell for the roughnes thereof. But what neede 110 frandvpon forren teftimonies, fince Mafler Thomas He: Mot, 4 man of much indgement in thefe caufes, fignified un- —. toyowall,at your late folemne meeting at the houfeof the right ——— honcurable she Earle of Exeter, how to the Southweff of our old fort in.N ivginia, the Indians often informed him, that there was a great melting of red mettall,reporting the man- _ ner in working of the fame. Befides, our owne Indians hane lately renealed either this or another rich mine of copperor =~ gold in atowne called Ritanoe, neere certaine mountaines hing Weft of Reanoat.. | Another very gainfull commeditie is, the huge quantitie __ of excellent perles,and little babies and birds made of them; ‘that were foundin Curifachiqui. The abundance whereof is reported to be (uch, that if they would hane fearched diners Chap.14. Sraues ip townes thercabout, they might haue laded many of their horfes. Neither are the Turkie ftones and cotton wool: found at Guafco tobe forgotten ,nor paffed oner in filence: But that, which I make no (mall account of, is,the multi- tude of Oxen, which, from: the beginning of the 16.to the end of the 26.Chapter,are nine (enerall times made mention of, and that along from Chiaha,Cofte, Pacaha,Coligoa, and Tulla, (lil toward the North, to wit, toward vs, there was (uch flore of them, that they could-kecpe no corne for them: and that the Indians lined vpox their flefh.T he haire of thee Oxenis likewifefaidto be likea foft wool, betweene the courfeand fine wooll of foeepe : and that they vfé then for-couerlets,becanfe they are very foft and woolled ike fheep: ard not fo onely, bit they make bootes, fhaoes, targets, ana osher things nece(farie of the fame. Befides the former bene- 2 theese, a) ae eae. | z'_ = The Epiftie Dedicatorie. fits, their young ones may be framed tothe yoke, for carting and tillage of our ground. And 1 amin good hope, that ere it be long we fhall bane notice of their being neerer vs, by that which I reade in the Italian relation of Cabeca de Vaca, the firft finder of thems which writeth, That they fpread themfelues within the countrie aboue foure hundred leagues. Moreoner,Vafques de Coronado, andlong af- ter him, Antonio de E{pejo (whofe vorages are at larzein my third volume ) trauelled many leagues amcng thefé beards of Oxen, and found them from 33. degrees ranging very farreto the North and Northeaft. : : A fourth chiefe commoditie wee may account to bethe great number of AMulberrie trees, apt to feede Silke-wormes so make filke « whereof therewas fuch plentiein many places, shat ,though they found fome hempe in the countrie, the Spa- niards made ropes of the barks of them for their brigandines, when they were to put to (eafor Noua Hifpania. 7 A fifth 1s the excellent and perfect colours,as black, white, greene, yellow, and red, and the materials to dye withall, fo often (poken of in this difcourfe : among which I hang fome hope to bring you tothe knowledge of the rich graine of Co- chouillto, fo much efteemed,and of [a great price. I fpeake no- thing of the fenerall forts of paling good grapes for Wine and Raifons. | Chap.31.832 Neitheris st the leafl denefit, that they found falt made - by the Indians at Cayas,and in two places of the promince of Aguacay : the manner alfa how the Inhabitants make it, i very well worth the obfernation. | One of the chicfeft of all the reft may be the notice of the Chap. 31.832 South Sea, leading vs'ta lapan ana China, which I finde here twice tobe poken of. Whereof long fince I bane writer adifcourfe,which Ithinke not ft tabe made ouer common. For clajing up this point, T be diftances of places, the qua» ree : Littes Pour ye ly wis bun et TLAe EtGe Las Dar er cs ee ee . | | The Epiftle Dedicatorie. lisies of the foiles, the fituations of the regions, the dinerfities and goodneffe of the fruits the feuerall forts of beafts, the va- viette of fowles, the difference berweene the Inhabitants of the mountaines and the plaines, and the riches of the Inland in comparifon of the Seacoaft, are indicially fet downe in the conclufion of this booke, whereunto for mine owne eafel re- ferre you. | ahs ia Tocometo the fecond generall head, which in the begin= ning | propofed, concerning the manners and difpofitions of she Inhabitants - among other things, I finde them bere no-~ ted to be very eloquent and well fboken, as the fhort Orations, “interpreted by lohn Ortiz,which lined twelue yeeres among them,make fufficient proofe. And the anthor, which was a gentleman of Eluas in Portugall emploied in all the attion, whofe name is not fet downe, [peaking of the Cacique of Tul- Ja, (aith that afwell this Cacique, as the others, and all thofe which came to the Gouernour on their behalfe, delinered their meffage or {peech in fo good order, that no Oratour could utter the fame more eloquently. But for all their faire and cunning [peeches, they are not ouermuch to be trufied : for they be the greateft traitors of the world, as their mani- fold moft crafire contriued and blaody treafons,here fet dows . at large, doe euidently proue. They bealfo as-unconftant as she wethercock,and moft readie totakealloccafions of aduan- . tages todoe mi(chiefe. T hey are great liars and diffemblers ; for which fanlts often times they had their deferued pat- ments. And many times they-gaue good teflimonie of their great valour and refolution. To handle: them gently, while: gentle courfes may be found to ferue, it will be without com: parifon the beft : but if gentle polifhing will not ferme, then we [ball not want hammerours and rough mafons enow, I meane our old foldiours trained up in the Netherlands, to Jquare and prepare thems to our Preachers hands. ai : clade, Beer, ES cra TEE SE Cs Pe ott the ee ee ee ts . sf. Re ae ia Re lead SS a “Marcel i ae ies ¥ * TheE piftle Dedicatorie, cludesI tuft by your Honours and Worfhips wife infiructions $0 the noble Gonernour,the worthy experimented Lieutenant and: Admirall, and other chiefe managers of the bufineffe, all things hall be fo prudently carried, that the painfull Prea- chers [hall bereuerenced and cherifhed, the valiant andfor- ward foldiour re[pected, the diligent rewarded, the coward emboldened, the weake and fick relicued, the mutinous fup- preffed, the reputation of the Chriflians among the Saliages preferued,our moft holy faith exalted all Paganifme and lde- . Latrie by little and little vtterly extinguilhed. And here re- pofing and refling my felfe upon this [weete ane 1 ceafe, be- feeching the Almighticto bleffe this good workin your hands to the honour and-glorie of bis moft holy name,totheinlarce- smsent of the dominions of his facred Maieftie, and to the generall good of all the worthie Aduenturers and undertakers. From my lodging in theCal- - Nedge of Westaminster this 15. of | cAprill, 16092. By ome publikely and anciently dene- sed to Gods feruice,and allyours in this fo good action, = | Richard Hakluye. : | ij 28. Tye aa ¥ 4 i y 8" 5 a aie z 1 3 aS ee le RE J Te ee eT ae Ee ee Kyo = 2) hs o Hog im C HAP. - I I I. ’ How the Portugales went to Siuil, and from thence to S.Lucat: he appointed Captaines ouer the ips, and difiributed the peoplewhich were togoein them, | Wea tc Portugalesdeparted from Eluas the re, (ume ye of Januarie, and came to Séwil the 19.0f Bona G4 the fame moneth,and wenttothe lodging gaseXor| of the Gouernor,and entredinto a court, ouer the which were certaine galleries where hee was, who came downe and receiued them at the ftaires, whereby they wentvp into the galleries: when he was come vp,he commanded chaires tobe giuen them to fiton. And Andrew de Vafconcelos told him who hee and the other Portugales were,”and how they all were come toaccompany him, and ferue him in his voiage. He gaue him thanks,and made fhew of great content- ment for his comming and offer. And the table being alreadie laid he inuited them to dinner. And being at dinner he commanded his fteward to feeke a lodging forthem neere vntohis owne,where they might bee | lodged. with Soto ists to Florida: t ‘what people every one ~— oye 8 The difconerie of Florida, tH Atte sonal Cuar. LVosq ert le tibw * How the Adelantado with his people departed from Spaine, and cametothe Canaries, and afterward tothe Antilése: oP 94) bas auomiatdenc FUR enre N theyeere of our Lord 1538. in the mo- | Zersi nethof Aprill, the Adelantado delivered eq! his fhippes to the Captaines which were EP S6.4 togoeinthem : and tooke for himfelfea new fhip,and good offaile, and gaue another to An. drew de V afconcelos,in which the Portugales went: hee went ouer the barre of Swear on Sunday being S.Za- Xarus day, inthe morning, ofthe moneth and yeere a- forefaid,with great loy, commanding his trumpets to be founded,and many fhots of the ordinance to be dif- charged... Hee failed -foure daies with a profperous wind; and fuddenly it calmed: thecalmes continued eight daies with {welling feas, in fuch wife, thar wee made no way. The 15. day after his departure from S. Lucar,hee came to Gomera, one ofthe Cawaries, on’ Eafter day in the morning. The Earle of that Tfland was apparrelled all in white;cloke,ierkin,hofe,(hoots,. and cappe, fo that hee feemeéd a:Lord of thé Gypfes. He receiued the Gouernour with much ioy: hee was welllodged, andall the reft had their lodgings gratis, and gat great ftore of viGuals for their monie, as bread,wine and flefh : and they tooke what was need- fullfor their hips: and the Sunday following, eight daiesafter their arriuall, they departed fiom the Ifle of Gomera. The Earle gaueto Donna Tfabella the Adelan- tados wife a baftard daughter that hee had to bee her Waiting maid. They arriuedat the Aatilles, inthe ee next adtoyning to Virginia, 9 of Cuba,at the port of the City of Sant lao vpon Whit- funday. Affone as they came thither,a Gentleman of the Citie fent to the fea fide avery faire roan horfe and well furnifhed for the Gouernour, andamule for Donna Ifabella > and all the horfemen and footemen that were in the towne came to receiue him at the {ea- fide. The Gouernour was well lodged, vifited, and ferued of all the inhabitants of that Citie, andall his companie had their lodgings freely : thofe which de- fired to goe into the countri¢, were diuided by foure and foure,and fixe and fixe in the farmes or granges, according to theabilitieofthe owners of the farmes, and were furnifhed by them withall things neceflary. | Crap. V. 5 Of the ishabitants which arein the Citie of S. lago, and in the other townes of the ifland : and of the qualitie of the foile, and fruites that ityeeldeth, — Bere >. aoe ieee ay He Citie of S. azo hath fourefcore hou- ) aa fes which are great and well contrived. vj, The moft part haue their walles madeof bords,& are covered with thatch;it hath = » fome houfes builded with lime & ftone, and couered with tiles. Ie hath great Orchards and many trees in them,diffcring from thofe of Spaine: there be figgetrees which beare figges as big as ones Greatfigges, hft, yellow within,and of {mall tafte; and other trees which bearea fruit which they call Ananes,in making Ananes- and bignes like toa {mall Pineapple: itis a fruit very {weete in cafte : the fhel being taken away,the kernel is likea peeceoffrefh cheefe. In thegranges abroad in ox pine- the countric thereare other great pineapples, which apples. | ) C STORY as) ae * Erua babola. Mameis, an excellent fruit. Guayabas. Plantanos.. Batatas, or Poratos. The Caflaui TOOLE., pe er 10 «©. The difcouerie of Florida, grow on low trees,and are like the * Aloetree: theyare ofa very good {inelland exceeding goodtafte. Other: trees do bearea fruit, which they call Mameis of the bignes of Peaches. This the Iflanders do hold for the beft fruit of the country. There ts another fruit which they call Guayabas like Filberds, as bigge as figges. There are other trees as high as a iaucline, hauing one only ftocke without any bough, and the leaves as long asacafting dart: andthe fruite is of the bigneffe and fafhion of a Cucumber, one bunch beareth 20. 0r 30. and as they ripen, the tree bendeth downeward with them: they are called in this countrie Plantanos; and are ofa good tafte, & ripen after they be gathered; but thofe are the better which ripen vpon the treeitfelfe ; they beare frnite but once : and the tree being cut downe, there {pring vp others out of the but, which beare fruite the next yeere. There is another fruits. whereby many people are fuftained, and chiefly the flaues,which are called Batatas. Thefe grow now in the Ifle of Tercera,belonging to the Kingdome of Por- tugal,and they grow within the earth, and are like a fruit called Iname,they haue almoft ¥ tafte ofa cheft. nut. The bread of this countrie is allo made of rootes: whichare like the Batatas. And the ftocke whereon: thofe rootes doe grow is like an Elder tree: theymake their ground in litide hillocks,and in each ofthem they thraft 4. or 5.ftakes;and they gather the rootes a yeere and an halfe after they fetthem. Ifanyone, thinking itis a Batata or Potato roote, chance to eate of tt neuer folittle, hee is in great danger of death: which was. feene by experience ina fouldier,which affone ashee had eatenavery little of one of thofe rootes, hee died: quicklic. They pare thefe rootes and {tampe them,and. {quele es Se ee — next adioyningto Virginia. =I {quefe them in athing likea preffe:the iuyce thatcom- meth from them is of an euill fmell. The bread is of little tafte and leffe fubftance. Of the fruites of Spaine, there are Figges and Oranges, and they beare fruit all the yeere,becaufe the foile is very ranke and fruitfull. In this countrie are many good horfes, and there is greene eraffe all the yeere. There be many wild oxen and hogges,whereby the people ofthe Ifland is well furnifhed with flefh: Without the townes abroad in the Countrie are many fruites. And it happeneth fometimes thata Chriftian goeth out of the way and is loft 15.01 20.daies,becaufe of the many paths in the thicke groues that croffe to and fro made by the oxen: and being thus loft, they fuftaine themfelues with fruitesand palmitos: for there bee many great groues of Palme trees throughall the Ifland: they yeeld no | other fruite that isof any profit. The Ifleof Cuba is Thelengi 300. leagues long from the Eaft to the Weft, andis RECHiirek infome places 30. in others 40. leagues from North to South. It hath 6.‘townes of Chriftians : to wit, S.14¢0, Baracoa, Bayamo, Puerto de Principes, S. Efpirito, and Hauana. Euery one hath betweene 30. and 4o. houfeholds,exceptS. Jago and Hawana, which hauea- bout 60. or 80. houfes. They haue Churches in each ofthem, and a Chaplen which confeffeth them and faith Mafle. InS.2ago isa Monafterie of Francifcan Friers : it hath but few Friers, and is well prouided ofalmes,becaufe the countrie is rich : The Church of S. Jago hath honeft reuenew, and there isa Curat and Prebends and-many Priefts, as the Church of that. Gitie,whichisthe chiefe ofall the Ifland. There isin this countrie much gold,and few flauesto getit: For Gay iy ety many Store ofgood horfes. ' ~ A iahewe, Hyer A wittie ftra- RageMe Bayamo. 1 Lhe difconerie of Florida, many haue made away themfelues, becaufe of the Chriftians euill vfage of themin the mines. A ftew- ard of Vafques Porcallo,which was an inhabitour in that Ifland,vnderftanding that his flaues would make away themfelues,ftaied for them witha cudgill inhis hand atthe place where they were to meete,and told them, that they could neither doe nor thinke any thing, that hee did not know before ; and that hee came thither to kill himfelfe with them, to the end, that if hee had vfed them badly inthis world, hee might vfe them worfe inthe worldto come: And this was a meane that they changed their purpofe, and tur- ned home againeto doe that which he commanded them. ns Cuap. VI. | How the Gosernour (ent Donna Iabella with the fhips to Hauana,and be with fome of his people went thi- ther by land. ree) He Gouernour fent fromS. Jago his WH, Rewhe) Nephew Don Carlos with the thips Awa, in company of Donna Ifabella to tar- riefor him at Havana, which isan #34) hauen in the Welt part toward the =3| head of the Ifland, 180. leagues | from the Citie of Saint ago. The — Gonernour and thofe which ftaied with him bought horfes and proceeded’ on their iournie. The firft towne they came vnto was Bayzmo: they werelod- ged foure and foure, and fixe andfixe, as they wentin company,and where they lodged, they tooke nothing fortheir diet, for nothing coft them ought faue the Pk _ Maiz.. next adioyning toUirginia. = Maiz or corne for their horfes, becaufe the Gouernor - wentto vifit them from towne to towne,and feafed hem in the tribute and feruice of the Indians. Bayamo is25. leagues from the Citie of S. Jago, Neerevnto _ the towne paffeth a great River, which is called Tanto; itis greater then Guadiawa,and in it be very great Cro- codiles, which fometimes hurt the Indians, or the cat- tell which paffeth the Riuer. In all the countrie are~ neither Wolfe, Foxe, Beare, Lion, nor Tiger. There are wild dogges which goe from the houies into the woods and feed vpon fine. There be certaine Snakes as biggeas amans thigh orbigger, they arevery flow, they doe nokind of hurt. From Bayamo. to Pucrtodel» los prinvipesaxe 50.leagues.In al the Ifland from towne Seep to towne,the way is madeby ftubbing vp the vnder- hie wood : and if it bee left but one yeere vndone, the wood groweth fo much, that the way cannot be feene, and the paths of the oxen arefo many, that none can trauell without an Indian of the Countrie fora guide: forall the reft is very hie and thicke woods. From Ps- erto dellos principes the Gouernour went to the houfeof Va{ques Porcallo by {ea in a bote, (for it wasneere the fea) to know there fome newes of Donna Ifabella, whichat that inftant (asafterward was knowne) was. in ereat diftrefle, in fo much that the fhips loft onea- nother : andtwo of them fell on the coaft of Florida, and all ofthem endured great want of water and victu- als. When the ftorme wasouer, they met together, withoutknowing where they were: in the end they defcried the Cape of S. Anton,a countrie not inhabi- ted ofthe Ifland of Cuba : there they watered ;and at the end of 40. daies, which were pafied fince their de= parture from the City of S. /2g0, theyariued at Hasana. C 3. The. The Cape of S. Antonio. Santo Efpi- Tito, ao ie difcouerie of Florida, | The Gouernour was prefently informed thereof, and went to Donna Ifabella. And thofe which went by land, which were one hundred and fiftie horfernen,being divided into two parts, becaufe they would not op- ds prefle the inhabitants, trauelled by S. E/pirito, which is 60.leagues from Puerto dellos principes. The food which they carried with them was Cacabe bread,which is that whereof I made mention before: and it is of fucha qualitie,thatifitbe wet, itbreaketh prefently, where- by it happened to fome to eate fleth without bread for many daies. They carried dogges with them, and a man of the Country,which did hunt;& by the way,or where they wereto lodge that night, they killed as ma- ny hogges as they needed. Inthis iourniethey were well prouided of beefe and porke: And they were greatly troubled with Muskitos, efpecially in alake, which is called the mere of Pia, which they had much adoe to pafle from noone till night, the water might befome halfeleague ouer, andto be fwomeabout a croflebow fhot, the reft came to the wafte, and they waded vp tothe knees in the mire,and inthe bottome werecockle fhels, which cut their feetevery fore; in fuch fort, thatthere was neither boote nor fhooe fole that was holeathalfe way. Their clothes and faddels © were’paffed in baskets of Palme trees.Paffing this lake, {tripped out of theirclothes, therecame many muski- tos,vpon whofe biting there arofe a wheale that fmar- ted very much: they ftrooke them with their hands, and with the blowe which they gaue they killed fo many, that the blood did runne downe thearmes and bodiesofthe men. That night they refted very ‘ttle for them, and other nights alfo in the like places and times. They cameto Santo Efpirito, which isa renee | | ° next adioyning toUirginia. 15 of thirtie houfes ; there paffeth by it alittle Riuer: it is very pleafantand fruitfull, hauing great ftoreof O- ranges and citrons, and fruites of the Countrie: One halfe of the companie were lodged here, and the reft. pafled forward 25. leagues to another towne called la Trinidad of 15.01 20. houfeholds. Here is an hofpi- tall for the poore, and there is none other inall the I- fland. Andthey fay, that this towne was the greateft in all the Countrie, and that before the Chriflians came into this land, asa fhip paffed along the coaft, there came init avery fickeman, which defired. the Captaine to fet himon fhore: and the Captaine did fo,and the fhip went her way : The ficke man remai- ned fet on fhore in that countrie, which vntill then had not been haunted by Chriftians ; whereupon the In- dians found him,carried him home, and looked vnto. him till he was whole; and the Lord of that towne maried him vntoa daughter of his,and had warre with all theinhabitants round about, andby the induftrie and valour of the Chriftian, he fubdued and brought vnder his command all the people of that Ifland. A great while after,the Gouernour Diego Velafques went toconquer it, and from thence difcouered new Spaine: And this Chriftian which was with the Indians did. pacifiethem,and brought them tothe obedience and fubieGtion ofthe Gouernour.. Fromthis towne della Havana Trinidad vnto Havana are 80. leagues‘without any ha- _ bitation,which they trauelled. They came to Hasana: -_ intheend of March; where they found the Gouernor,. | andthereft of the people which came with him from: Spaine. The Gouernour fent from Hauaza lohn Dan- nufcowith a:carauele & two brigantines with 50. men: todifcouer the hauen of Florida and from thence hee ! 7 brought: eae Saar RieS ane SaEaOS eae , yee a ¢ Zisman 2 Se eerie Siete 5 Rat SE PER RR: La Trinidad;. . May 18.15 39. 16 ‘The dijiduen of tases brought two Indians, which he tooke vpon the coat, wherewith: (afwell becaufe they might be neceffarie ae uidesand for interpretours, as becaufe they faid y lignes that there was much gold in F/orida) the Go- Pas andallthe companie receiued much content- ment, and longed for the houre of their departure, thinking i in himfelfe that this was the richeft Coun- trie, that vnto that day had been difcouered. Cuap. VII. How we departed from tiauana, and arined ip Flotida, ana of fuch things as happened unto vs. ==mamF fore our departure,the Gouernour depri- Wes /ued Nunno de T ouar of § office of Captaine % ‘ Generall, & gaue it to Porcallo de Figueroa, by Be SF an inhabitant of Cuba,which was a meane jt the rape: were well furnifhed with vials: for he gauea great many loads of Ca/abe bread, and ma- nie hogges. The Gouernour tooke away this office from Nonno deTouar, becaufe hee had fallen inloue with the daughter of y Earle of Gomera, Donna Ifabellas waighting maid, who, though his office weretaken from him, (to returne againe to the Gouernours fa- uour)though fhe were with child by him, yet tooke her to his wife, and went with Sote into Florida, The Gouernour left, Donna Tfabella in Hanana; and with her remained the wife of Déx Carlos, and the wines of Baltafar de Gallegos, and of Nonno de Tovar. And hee left forhis Lieutenant aGentleman of Havana, called lobu de Roias,for the gouernment of the Ifland. On Sunday the 18. of May, in the yeere of our Lord, 1539. the Bdcantede, or prefident departed from next adiqynine to ‘Girvinia, = 17 from HawanainCaba withhis flecte; which were nite vefiels, fiue great fhips, two: carauels, and two brigan- tines: They fatled feuen daies with a profperous wind. Theos. day of May, the day de Pafca de. Spirtto Santo, -(which we call Whitfon Sonday,) they {awi the land Thisptace!’ of Fiorida; and becaufe of the fhoalds,they came toan Was called ; | f . aya de -Spitt. anchora league from the fhore. On Friday the 30. 0f :¢sanGo, be. May they landed in Florida,two leagues fromatowne ingon the of an Indian Lord,called Vita) They fet’ onlandwo yi" Bs ay ‘hundred and thirteene-horfés, which they brought degiecs, = ‘with them,to vnburden the fhippes, that they might ‘draw the leffe water. Hee landed all his men, andon- Jy the fea men remained in the fhippes, which in eight daics,going vp with the tideeueryday aliulejbroughe athem.vp vnto thetowne-|Affooneas the people were come on fhore, hee pitched hiscampeon the fea fide, hard vpon the Bay which went vp vato the towne. ‘And prefenlythe Captaine general Ha/ques Porcailo a with other'7/horfemen ‘foraged the Countrie hal fea cane ae te Teagueround abourjand found fixe Indians, which re: towneof fiftedbhim with theirarrowes, which arethe weapons V“' which they vfeto fight withal! : The borfemen killed _ twocofthemsandth ¢other foure efeaped: becaufe the countrie is cumberfome with woods and bogs;where the horfes ftacke faftiand fell with their riders,becaufe _ they were weake with trauelling-vpon the fea. The famenightfollowing the Gouernour withanhiundred memin the brigantines lightedsypbn attowne, Which hefound witlout people,becanfe, that afloone asthe Chriftians hadfight of land,they were defcried, and faw'along the ‘coaft many fmokes, which the Indi- ans had madetogiue aduicethe.oneto the other. The ‘sip alc eae dla hg Campe fet the Pon | men ~y \} pee men inorder, the horfemen in three {quadrons, the Vantgard,the Batallion, and the Rerewarde: and fo _they marched that day, and the day following, com- pafling great Creekes which came out of the Bay: The towne of They came to the towne of Vcita, where the Gouer- rg nour was,on Sunday the firft of lune, being Trinitie ak Sunday. The towne was of feuen oreighthoufes. The Lordes houfe ftoode neere the fhore vpon avery hie mount, made by hand for ftrength. Atanotherend . of the towne ftood the Church, and on the top of it {tood.a fowle made of wood with gilded eies. Heere Some perles Were found fome pearlegof {mall valew, fpoiled with founds the fire, which the Indians do pierce and ftring them like beades, and weare them about their neckes and: handwrifts, and they efteeme them very much. The houfes were made of timber,and couered with Palme leaues. The Gouernourlodged him‘felfe in the Lords —houfes,and with him Va/ques Porcallo, and Lays dé Mof- ~ cofos,and in others that were in the middeft of the — towne, wasthe chiefe Alcalde or Iuftice, Balsafar de ” Gallegos lodged; andin the fame houfes was fet ina place by it elfe,al the prouifion that came in the fhips: the other houfes and the Church were broken down, and euery three or fourefouldiers made a little cabin wherein they lodged. The Countrie round about was very fennie,and encombred with greatand hie trees. The Gouernor commanded to fel the woodsa crofle- bow fhot- round about the towne, that the horfes might runne,and the Chriftians might haue the ad- uantage of the Indians, if by chance they fhould fet vpon them by night... In the waies.and places conue- nient,they had their Centinelles of footemen by two: and ewodn every ftand, which did watch: by, wae ; AA : and: Spe Te ole tae Stal ATG Pack eee Ge Bank seat Pa SUES RPT GSES — mext. adigyning to Uirginia. AD and the horfemen did vifit them,and were readicto af- fiftthem, if there wereanyalarme. The Gouernour made foure Captaines of the horfemen,and two ofthe footemen. The Captaines of the horfemen were,one of them C4ndrew de Vafconcelos,and another Pedro Cal- deran de Badaioz:and the other two were his kinfemen, to wit, Arias Tinoco, and Alfonfo Romo, borne likewife in Badaioz. The Captaines of the footemen, the one was Franci{co Maldonado of Salamanca, and the other Iuan Rodriguez Lobillo. Whi:'e wee were in this towne of /cita, thetwo Indians, which Johz Danu/co had ta- ken on that coaft,and the Gouernor caried along wich him for guides and interpretours,through careleflenes oftwo men, which had the charge of them,efcaped a- way onenight. For which the Governourandall the reft were very forie, for they had alreadie made fome roades, and no Indians could bee taken, becaufe the countrie was fullof marifh grounds, and in many pla- ces fullofvery hieandthickewoods... Lasko Ae ED Of fome inrodes that were made into the Countries and \ bow there was a Chriftian found, which had bin lon ‘time in the power ofan Indian Lord. = aj\Romthe towne of Vcitz, the Gouernour | fentthe Alcalde Mayot,Baltafar deGaliegos ggkes|| with go. horfemen and 8o. footemenin- tee" to the Countrie to fee ifthey could take Indians: andthe Captaine ohn Rodriguez, Lobillo trie Cerraine ca- pins of In- diatse widd 20 ©. The d:{conerie of Florida, trie -full of bogges, where horfes conld\not trauell: — Halfealeague trom thecampe,they lighted vpon cer- taine cabins of Indians neere a Riner: The people that were imthem leaped into the Rive? pyét they:tooke foure ludian women: And tweatelndians charged sj 2nd: fo-diftrefied vs; that Wee were forced to-re- tire/to our campe, being,as theyareexceeding rea. die with their weapons.) Irisiapeople {6 warlikeand - fonimble;hattheycatehdnawhieforanyfootemen, For if thtimenemies chargéthemi, they-runne away, andifthey turne their backs, they ate prefently vpon them. And thethiag thatthey moft fleccisthe thot of aniairow. They neuer ftand fill; butare alwaies run- -ningand trauerfing fromone place td another: by:rea- fon whereofneither craffebow nor arcubufecan aime atthem : and before onecroflecbowmancan make one Shot,an Indianwill-difcharge three or fourearrowess and he feldomemiffeth what hee fhooterhvar.: Anar- row,where it findeth noarmour,pierceth asdeepely asacroflebow. Their bowes arevery long, and their atrowes are made of certaine canes like reedes, very heauie,& fo ftrong,thata fharpe cane paffeth thorow atarget: Some they arme in the point-wwitha fharpe bone ofa hth likea chifel,and in‘others they faften cer- taine ftones like points of Diamants. For the moft ‘part when they light vpon.an armour, they breake ‘in wthe'place where they: ate bound together. Thofe of -canedofplit and pierce acoate ofmaileyand are more ‘Bartfullthen: the others John: Rodrigue) Lobillo retur- ned to.the Cam pe with figeinen wounded, whereof one diedsandbronghrthe fodrelndiam womemwhich Raltafar Gakegos: bad: takenginthecabins! or wtages. — “Two leagues from the toiwne;! comming ‘into the 13 eG plaine next adioyning toUirginia. = 21 plaine field, he efpied ten or eleucn Indians, among whom was.a Chriftian, which wasnaked, and {cor- ched withthe Sunne, and had his armes razed after the mantierof the Indians, and differed nothing at all fromthem. And affoone as the horfemen faw them they ran toward them. The Indians fledjand fome of themhid themfelues in a wood} and they ouertooke two or three ofthem, which were wounded : andthe -Chrittian, feeing an horfemansunne vpon him with his lance; began to crie out) Sirs, 1am a C hriftian, flay menot,nor thefeIndians, for they haue faued my life. And ftraightway he called them,and put them out sof fearesand they came foorth of rhe wood vnto them. ‘The horfemen tooke bottrthe Chriftian andthe Indi- ans vp behindthem , and toward night came into the Campe with much ioy: which thing being knowne by the Gouernour, and them that remained in the Campe,they were receiued with the like: 00 <° nid ys oCrar. IX. | How this Chriftian came to the land of Florida, and who — hewas and what conference he had with the Gouce POMP ONT -MIONEH a TOT ITION aw orlon Pa PSM His: Chriftians name was John Ortiz, Pamphilo de NartaeX; and returned in the fhipstothe Ifland of Cuba,where the wife ofthe Gouernour Pam philode Narusex wastand by his commandement with - ‘a0.0r zorother in abrigandine retarned backe againe 0 Florida and:comining to the port in the fight of ana Tohn Ortiz, Ay Terre : , liued 12.. y,; he was borne in Siuil,of worfhipful paren- yceres, among By, Bes tage. Hewas w.yeeres in the Hands of the the Fiorid- PV OS te at a a a «4. ans of Veira. Faved Indians.Hecame into this Countrie with ord Mocccas D3 the: a ae = Oe slat as ea ans = hs Re enon fete Hist gE EES t1" © oe Scones g ise awareness 3: a ee es eS Tere, PFA: a deere: 22 Lhedifconerie of Florida, the towne,on the fhore they fawa canefticking in the ground,and riuen atthe top, anda letter in it:and they — beleeued thatthe Gouernour had leftit thereto giue aduertifement of himfelfe,when he refolued to goe vp into the land: and they demanded it of foure or fiue Indians, which waiked along the fea fhore : and they bad them by fignes to come on fhore forit : which a- gainftthe will ofthe reft Joba Ortiz and another did. And affoone asthey were on land,from the houfes of the towne iflued a great number of Indians, which compafied them about, and tooke them in a place where they could not flee:and the other which fought to defend himfelfe, they prefentlie killed vpon the place, andtooke John Ortizaliue, and carried him to Veitatheit Lord. Andthofeofthe brigandinefoughe notto land, but put theméelues to fea,and returned to the Ifland of Cuba. Ycita commanded to bind John Ortiz hand and foote vpon foure ftakes aloft vpona raft, aud to make a fire vnder him, that there he might bee burned: Buta daughter of his defiredhim that he would not put him to death, alleaging that one only ‘Chriftian could do him neither hurt nor good,telling him, thatit was more for his honour to keepehimasa captine. And ita granted her requeft,and comman- ded him tobe cured of his wounds : and affoone as he was whole, he gaue him the charge of the keeping of — the Temple: becaufe that by night the’wolues did cary away the dead corpfes out of the fame: who com- mended himfelfe to God. and tooke vpon him the charge of his temple. One night the wolues gate from him the corpes ofa little child,thefonne ofa'principal Indian ; and going afterthem:he threw.a darte atone ofthe wolues and ftrooke him that carried away the ; | ‘<) : Corps, next adioyning to Virginia. oe corps, who feeling himelfe wounded, left it,and fell downe dead neere the place : and hee not woting whathe had done, becaufe it was night,went backea- | anne tothe Temple: the morning being come, and nding not the bodie of the child,he wasvery fad. Af fooneas /cita knew thereof, he refolued to puthim to. death ; and fentby the tract, which he faid the wolues went,and found the bodie ofthe child, and the wolfe dead a littlebeyond : whereat /cita was much conten- ted with the Chriftian, and withthe watch which hee kept inthe Temple, and from thence forward eltee- med him much. Three yeeres after hee fell into his hands, there came another Lord, called 1zZecoge,who dwelleth two daiesiourny fromthe Port, and burned daiesiournie. histowne. /cita fledto another towne thathe had in o™ Vcita» another fea port. Thus John Ort:z loft his office and fa- vour that he had with him.. Theie people being wor- fhippers of the diuell; are wont:to offer vp vnto him: theliues and blood of their Indians,or of any. other. people they cancome by: andthey report;that when. he will hauethem doe that facrifice vnto him,he {pea-. keth with them,andtelleth them that he is athirf{t; and: willeth them to facrifice vnto him.. John Ort:X had no-. tice by the damfell that had deliuered him fromy fire,, how her father was determined to facrifice himy day. - following, who willed him to fleeto Mococa : for thee: knew. he would vfe him wel: for fhe heard fay,tbathe. hadasked for him, and {aid hee would bee glad to fee: him : and becaufe he knew not the way,fhe went with: him halfe a league out of the towneby night, and fet: him inthe way, &¢ returned, becaufe fhe would notbe: difcouered. ohn Ortiz tuauailed allthat night, and by; ¢morming. came vatoaRiver,which isin the territorie’A Riuers on of I yojee 24. Lhedifcouericof Florida, . of Mocoga:and therehe faw two Indiansfifhing sand ‘becaufe they were in war with the people of /cita, and their languages were different, andheeknew not the laguage ot Mococo, he was afraid,becaufe he could not tell chem who hee was,norhow hee came thither, nor was ableto an{wer any thing for himfelfe, thar they would killhim, taking him for one ofthe Indians of V cita, and betore they efpied him ,he came to the place where they had laid their weapons : & affoone as they {aw him,they fled toward the towne,and although he willed thé to ftay,becanfehe meant to do thé no hurt, yet they vnderftood him not,and ran away as faft as e- uer they could. And affone as they came to the towne _» with great outcries, many: Indians came forth againtt “~" him,and began to compaffe him to fhooteat him: ohn — Ortiz {eeing himfelfe in {o greatdanger, fheilded him: felfe with certaine trees,and beganto fhreekeout, and crievery loud,and to tell them thathe wasa'Chriftian, and that he was fled from /cita,-and.was cometo fee and ferne sfococohis Lords Itpleafed God thatat that very inftant there came thither an Indian that could Ipeake the language and vnderftood him ; and pacifi- ed the reft ;who: told them what hee faid: Then ran fromhencethreeorfoure Indiansito beare the newes totheir Lord: who came foortha quartcrof aleague from the townetoreceiuehim; and was very glad of him. Hecaufed hin prefently to fiveareaccordi ng@to the cuftomeof the Chriftians, thathee would not fun: away from hittoany ctherLord: and promifedhim’ toentreate him very well; and that ifatany time there: came any:Chriftians into that countrie,he would free.’ lydcthim goesandgiue him leauetogoe to themrand> | hkewifetooke his othto performe the fameaccordimg: io. Lae to next adtoyning to Virginia, 25 tothe Indian:ctiftome.: About three yeeres after’ cer- taine Indians, which were fifhing at fea two leagues from thetowne,brought newes to -Aococo that they Moco¢o his had feene fhips: and hee called Zohn Ortiz, and gaue “yn ae him leave to go his way: who taking his leave of him, the tea. with all the hafte he could came to the fea, and finding no fhips,he thought itto befome deceit, and that the Cacique had done the fame tolearnehis mind. Sohe dwelt with Mococo nine yeeres,with {mall hope of {ee- ing any Chriftians. Affooneas our Gouernorarriued in Florida, it was knowne to Mococo,& ftraightway he fignified to John Ortiz,that Chriftians were lodged in the rowne of Ycita: And he thought he had tefted with him,as hee had done before,and told him, that by this time he had forgotten the Chriftians, and thought of nothing elfé but to ferue him. Buthe affured him thae it was fo,and gaue him licence to goe vnto them: fay- ing vnto him, thatif hee would not doeit, and if the Chriftians fhould goe their way, he fhould not blame him, for hee had fulfilled that which he had promifed him.The ioy of Johz Ortiz was fo great,that hee could not beleeue that it was true: notwithftanding he gaue him thankes,and tooke his leaue of him: and Afocece gaue him tenne or eleuen principall Indians to beare him companie: and as they wenttothe port where the Gouernour was, they met with Baltafar de Galligos, as I haue declared before. Affoone as he was cometo the campe, the Gouernour commanded togiue him afute of apparrell, and very good armour, anda faire horfe; and enquired ofhim, whether hee had notice ofany countrie, where there was any gold orfiluer? He anfwered,No, becaufe he neuer went ten leagues eompafic from the place where he dwelt: Butthae 30° WH tives: Wii apie: Paracofli 30. leagues from fito Santo, 26 = The iehaane of Florida, 30. leagues from thence dwelt an Indian Lord,which _ Puertode Spi- was Called ParocofZ,to whom Mocecoand Veita, with al the reft of that coaft paied tribute,and that hee perad- venture might haue notice of fome good countrie : - and that his land was better then that of the fea coaft, and more fruitfull and plentifull of maiz. Whereof the Gouernour receiued great contentment; and {aid — thathe defired no more then to finde victuals,that hee might goe intothe maineland, forthe land of Florida, was fo large,that in one place or other there could not chufe but bee fome rich Countrie. The Cacique -Mo- coco came to the Port to vifitthe Gouernor, and made this fpeech following. | : Right hie andmightie Lord, I being leffer in mine owne conceit for to obey you, then any of pe which you haue va- der your command ; and greater in defire to doe you greater feruices,doeappeare before your Lord[hip with (0 much confi- dence ofreceiuing fanour, as if in effect this my good will were manifelted unto you in workes : not for the {mall feruice idid vnto you touching the Chriftian which 1 had in my power,in giuing hin freely bis lbertie, (For Iwas bound to doe it to preferue mine honour, and that which I bad promé- fed him :)but becanfeit is the part of great men to ve great magnificences : Anal am perfwaded, that as in bodily per- Sections and commanding of good people, you doe exceede all anen in the world, (0 likewife you doe in the parts of the minde, in which you may boaft of the bountie of nature. The fanour which I hope for of your Lordfhip is, that you would hold mee for yours, and bethinke your felfeto command me any thing, wherein Imay doe you feruice. : vars The Gouernour anfwered him, That althoughin freeing and fending him the Chriftian, he had prefer- ued his honour and promife,yet hethanked him, ae ‘wee 1 | held. — next adioyning to Uirginia. 27 held it in fuch efteeme, as it had no‘comparifon; and — thathee would alwaies hold him as his brother,and would fauour him inall things to the vtmott of his power. Then hecommanded a fhirt to be giuen him, and other things,wherewith the Cacique being verie well contented, tooke his leauc of him, aud departed to his owne towne. iN: PC eaniX sling kom How the Gouernour fent the fhipsto Cuba: andlef? an hundred men at the Hanen de Spirito Santo, and himjelf with the reft of his people went into the maine land. 1 Oot 3730 “ = = ri Rom the Port de Spirito Santo where the “jy Gouernourlay,hefentthe Alcalde Mayor wie Baltafar de Gallegos with 50. horf{emen,and SASSI) 30. or 40. footemento the prouince of Pa- raco/%,to view the difpofition’of the countrie, and en- forme himfclfe of the land farther inward,and to fend him word offuch things as he found. Likewife he fent his fhippesbacketo the Ifland of Cuba,that they might - returne withina certaine time with viduals. Ya/ques Porcalto de figueroa, which went with the Gouernour as Captaine Generall,(whofe principall intent was to fend flaues from Florida, tothe Ifland of Cuba, where he had his goods and mines;)hauing made {ome in- rodes,and feeingno Indians were to be got, becaufe of the great bogs and thicke woods y were in the Coun- trie,confidering the difpofition of the farne, determi- ned to returne to Cada. And though there was fome difference between him & the Gouernor, whereupon they neither dealt nor conuerfed together with good E2 | coun Paracoff. 28 Thedifcouerieof Florida, countenance,yet notwithftanding with louing words he asked him leaueand departed trom him. Baltafar de Gallégos cameto the Paracofz: There cameto him 3o. Indians from the Cacique, which was abfent from his towne, and one ofthem made this fpeech : | Bang Paracofi, the Lord of this prowince, whofe vaffals we are, fendah vs unto your worfhip,to know what it is that you fecke in this his Countrie,and wherein he may doe you feruice. Baltafar de Gallegos {aid vnto him, that hee thanked them very much for their offer, willing them to warne their Lord to come to his towne, and that there they wouldtalke and confirme their peace and friend{hip, which he much defired. The Indians went their way, and returned the next day,and faid,that their Lord was. it at eafe,and therefore could not come, but that they came on his behalfe to fee what he demanded. Heas- ked them ifthey knew or had notice ofany rich Coun- trie where there was gold orfiluer. They toldthem, they did: and that toward the Weft, there wasa Pro- uince which was called Caf. and that others that in- habited other Countries. had warre with the people of that Countrie,where the moft part of the yeere was _ fommer,and that there was much gold:and that when thofe their enemies came to make warre with them of Cale,thefe inhabitants of Cale did weare hats ofgold,in manner of head peeces. Baltafar de Gallegos, feeing that the Cacique came not, thinking all that they faid was ~ fained,with intent that in the meane time they might fetthemfelues in fafetie, fearing, that if he didletthem goe, they would returne no more, commanded the thirty Indians to be chained,and fent wordto the Go- uernour,by eight horfemen,what had pafled: whereof the Gouernour with al that were with him,atthe oS 2 ) GE next adioyning-to Virginia. 29 de Spirito Santo receiued great comfort, fuppofing, that that which theIndians reported, might be truc. Hee left Captaine Calderan at the Port, with thirtie horfe- men,andfeuentie footemen, with prouifion for two yeeres, and himfelfe with all the reft marched into the maine Jand, and came to the Paracof, at whole Shales: towne Baltafar de Gallegos was : and from thence with all his men tooke the way to Cae. He paffedby a little rowne,called Actla,and came to another, called Acela. Tocaffe: and from thence hee went before with 30. Tecate. horfemen,and5o. footemen toward Cale. And paf- another fing by. atowne, whence the people were fled, they towne. {aw Indians alittle from thence ina lake;to whom the 4 rake, Interpretour fpake. They came vnto them and gaue them an Indian fora guide: and hee came toa River A {wife Rivess. witha greatcurrent,and vpon a tree, which wasin the -midtt of it, was made abridge, whereon the men pal- fed: the horles fwam ouer by a hawfer, that they: were pulled by from the otherfide: for one, which - they droue in at the firft without it, was. drowned: From thence the Governour. {ent two horfemen to his. people that were behind,to make hafte after him ;: becaule the way grew long, and their viduals fhort.. Hee cameto Ca/e, and found the towne without peo- Cale. le. He tooke three Indians. which were {pies,and tar- ried there for his people that came after, which were fore vexed with hunger and euill waies, becaufe the Countrie was very barren of Maiz.low,and full of wa- ter,bags, and thicke woods ; and the viduals, which they brought with them from the Port de Spirito Sani, -were{pent. Wherefoeuerany towne was found, there: were fome beetes, and hee that came firft gathered. | them, and fodden with water and falt,did eate them 3 EB 2. ! with ; 30 Lhedifcouerie of Florida, without any other thing ; and fuch as could not get them, gathered the ftalkes of Maiz and €ate them, which becaufe they wereyoung had no Maizin them. when they came to the Riuer which the Gouernour had pafled,they found palmitos vpon low Palmetrees like thofe of LAndalu%ia. There they metwiththetwo _horfémen which the Gouernour fentvnto them, and they brought newes that in Calethere was plentie of Maiz ; at whichnewes they all reioyced. Affoone as they came to Cale, the Gouiernour commanded them to gather all the Maiz that wasri peinthe field, which | was {ufficient for three moneths. At the gathering of itthe Indianskilled three Chriftians, and one of them which weretaken told the Gouernour, that within fe. uen daies iournie,there wasa very steat Prouince,and plentifull of Maiz, which was called Apalache. And prefently heedeparted from Cale with 50. horfemen, and 60. footemen. He leftthe mafter ofthe Campe _ Lays de Mofcofo with all the reft of the people there, with charge that hee fhould not depart thence yntil] he had word from him. And becaufe hitherto none had gotten any flaues, the bread that cucry one was to €ate, he was faine himfelfe to beate in a morter made inapeeceof timber with a peftle, and fome ofthem did fift the flower th tough their fhirts of maile. They baked their bread Vpon certaine tilefhares which they fet ouer the fire, in fuch fort as heretofore I haue faid they vfe to doe in Cuba. It is fo troublefome to grind their Maiz, that there were many that would rather Hot eateit, then grind it: and dideasé the Maiz parch- edand fodden. | | next adioyning to ‘Virginia. 31 -Cuap. XI How the Gonernour came to Caliquen, asd carrying from thence the Cacique with Lim went to Napetu- cawhere the Indians fought to hane taken him from him,andinan affault many of them were laine, ana taken prifoners. 55) He 11. dayof Auguft 1539. the Go- \Wuifhal uernour departed from Cale ; hee “ayy, lodgedin alittle town-called Yrara, Yar “8 andthe next day in another called =<=4| Potano, and the third day atVtina- | ma, and came to another towne, : which they named the towne of E- The towne of wil peace ; becaufe an Indian came in peace, faying, Eull!peace. That he was the Cacique, and that he with his people would ferne the Gouernour, and that ifhe would fet . free 28. perfons,men and women, which his men had taken the night before,he would command prouifion tobe brought him,and would giue hima guide to in- ftructhim in his way: The Gouernour commanded them tobefetatlibertie, andto keepe him in fafegard. - The nextday inthe morning there came many Indi- ans,and fet themfelues round about the towne neere to a wood. The Indian wifhed them to carrie hint neere them ; and thathe would {peake vnto them,and affure them,and thatthey would doe whatfoeuer hee - commandedthem. And when he faw himfelfe neere - vnto them:hebrake from them, and ranaway fo {wift- _ ly from the Chriftians, that there was none thatcould - ouertakehim,andall of them fledintothe woods. The | Gouernour commanded to loofe a grayhound, which | ! Was: 32 Lhedifcouerieof Florida, - was alreadie flefhedon them, which paffingbymany other Indians, caught the counterfait Cacique,which had efcaped from the Chriftians,and held himuill they cametotake him. From thence the Gouerniour lod- Cholupsha, gedata towne called Cholupaha: and becaufeit had ftore of Maiz init, they named it Vela farta. Beyond ARiuer. —_ the fame there was a Riuer,on which he madeabridge of timber, and trauelled two daies through a defert. Caliquen. ~The 17. of Auguft,he came to Caliquen, where he was informed of the Prouince of Apalache: They toldhim that Pamphilo de Naraaex had bin there, and that there hee tooke fhipping, becaufe hee could find no way to oe forward : That there was none other towneatal, _ | bar that on both fides was all water. The wholecom- panie were very fad for thefe newes; and.counfelled the Gouernour to goebacke to the Port de Spirito San- to, andto abandon the Countrie of Florida, lefthee fhould perith as NarwaeX had done : declaring, that if he went forward, hecouldnot returne backe when he would, and thatthe Indians would gather vp that {mall quantitie of Maiz which was left. Whereunto the Goucrnouranfwered, that he would not go backe, tillhe had feene with his eies that which they repor- ted : faying,that he could notbeleeue it, and that wee fhould be put out of doubt before it were long. And. hefentto Lays de Mofcofe to come prefently from Ca- de,and that he tarried for him here. Luys de Mofcofoand many others thought, that from 4paluche they fhould returne backe ; and in Ca/e they buried their yron — tooles,and diuers other things. They came to Caliqnen with great trouble; becaufe the Countrie, which the Gouernor had pafled by; wasfpoiled and deftituteof Maiz. Afterall the people were come together, hee : com- next adioyning to Uirginia. 23 commanded a bridge to bee made ouera River that 4 River. paffed neerethe towne. Hee departed from Ca/quen the 10.0f September, and carried the Cacique with him.: After hee had trauelled three daies, there came Indians peaceably, tovifit their Lord, and euery day met vs on the way playing vpon flutes: which isa to- ken that they vfe, that men may know that they come in peace. They faid,that in our way before there was a Cacique,whofe name was /’zachil, a kinfeman of the Cacique of Caliqnew their Lord,waiting for him with many prefents,and they defired the Gouernor that he would loofe the Cacique. But he would not, fearing that they would rife, and would not giue him any guides, & fentthem away from day to day with good words. Hetrauelled fiue daies,he paffed by fome {mal townes,he came toatowne called Napetuca,the 15.day of September. Thither came 14.0r15. Indians, and Napewca. befought § Gouernor to let loofe the Cacique of Ca- liquen their Lord. He an{wered them thathe held him not in prifon, but that hee would haue him toaccom- - panie him to¥zachil. The Gouernour had notice by John Ortiz, that an Indian told him how they deter- mined to gather themfelues together, and come vpon him,and giue him battell, and take away the Cacique fromhim. The day that it was agreed vpon, the Go- uernour commanded his men to beein areadines,and that the horfemen fhould bee readie armed and on horfebacke euery one in his lodging,becaufe the Indi- ans might not fee them,and fo more confidently come tothetowne. There came foure hundred Indians in fight of the campe with their bowes and arrowes, and pee themfelues ina wood, and fent two Indians to id the Gouernour to deliuer them the Cacique. The ANOm. | Be Gouernour ‘Two very grcat lakes. 34 The difconerie of Florida, Gouernour with fixe footemen leading the Cacique by the hand,and talking with him, to fecure the Indi- ans, went toward the place where they were: And {ee- ing afit time, commanded to found a trumpet :.and prefently thofe that were in the towne inthe houfes, _ both horfe and foot, fet vpon the Indians,which were fo fuddenly affaulted,that the greateft care they had was which way they {hould flee: They killed two hor- fes; one wasthe Gouernours, and heewas prefently horfed againe vpon another. There, were 30. or 40. Indians flaine. The reft fled to two very great lakes, that were fomewhat diftant the one from the other: There they were {wimming,and the Chrittians round _ aboutthem. The calieuermenand croflebowmen fhot at them from the banke ; but the diftance being grear, ~_and fhooting afarre off, they did them no hurt. The Gouernour commanded that the fame night they fhould compaffe one of thelakes,becaufe they were {6 great, thatthere were not mé enow to compaflethem both: being befet,aflooneas night fhutin, the Indians, with determination to runne away, came {wimming very foftly to the banke; and to hide themfelues, they put a water lillie leafe on their heads. The horfemen af fooneas they perceiuedit to ftirre, ran into the water to the horfés breafts, and the Indians fled againe into thelake. So this night paffed without any refton both fides. lobm Ortix perfwaded them, that feeing they could notefcape,they fhould yeeld themfeluesto the Gouernour: which they did; enforced thereunto by the coldnes of the water; and one by one, hee firlt whom the cold did firt ouercome, cried to ohn Ort x; defiring tharthey would not killhim; forshe: came to - put himielfe into the hands ofthe Gonernour: Ry'the morning — Se ee ee a nextadioyningto Virginia. 35 ‘morning watch they made an end ofyeelding them- felues ::only 12. principall men, being more honora- ble and valorous then the reft, refolued rather to die then to come into his hands. And the Indians of Para- cof, which were now loofed out of chaines, went {wimming tothcm, and pulled them out by the haire of their heads,and they were all put in chaines; and the next day were divided among the Chriftians for their feruice. Being thus in captiuitie, they determi- A newcon- ned torebell, and gaue in charge to an Indian, which ‘Pitacie. “was interpretour,and held tobe valiant, that affoone as the Gouernour did come to {peake with him, hee fhould caft his handsabout hisnecke, and choke him: Who,whéhe faw opportunitie,laid hands on the Go- vernour,and before he caft his hands about his necke, he gaue him fucha blow on the noftrils,that hee made them gufh out with blood,-and prefently allthe reft didrife. Hethat could getany weapons at hand, or the handle wherewith he did grind the Maiz, fought _ -tokill his mafter,or the firfthee met before him: and hee that could geta lance or {word at hand, beftirred himfelfe in fuch fort with it, as though he had vied it all his life time. One Indian in the market place enclo- fed betweene prs. or 20. footemen, madea way like a bull with afword in his hand, till certaine halbardiers of the Gouernour came, which killed him. Another gat vp witha lance toa loft made of canes, which they buildto keepetheir Maiz in, which they calla Barba- coa,and there hee made fuch a noife, as though tenne men had been there defending the doore: they flew him witha partifan. The Indians were inall abouttwo hundred men. ‘1 hey were all fubdued. And fome of 19 hundred ‘the youngeft che Gouernour gaue to them which had ee F2 good Indians taken. } (race A Riuer. Hapaluyaa great towne. Veachil. * Aboboras, 36 Lhedifconerieof Florida, good chaines,and were carefull to looke to them that they gatnotaway.Al the reft he commanded tobe put to death, being tied to a ftake in the midft of the mar- ket place: and the Indians of the Paracof% did thoote them to death. ores of Cuap. XII. How the Gouernour came to Apalache, and was infor med,that within theland,there was much gold. site Gouernour departed from DNepetuca the23. of September: helodged bya Ri- ver, where two Indians brought him a buck from the Cacique of Vzachif. The next day he pafled by a great towne called % a) ew. OA Seto. = Hapaluya; and lodged at VRachil, andfound no peo- ple in it,becaufe they durft not tarrie for the notice the Indians had of the flaughter of Napetwca. He foundin that towne great ftore of Maiz, trench-beanes, and *pompions, which is their foode, and that where- with the Chriftians there fuftained themfelues. The Maiz is like courfe millet,and the pompions are better -and more fauorie then thofe of Spaine. From thence the Gouernouz fent two Captaines cach a fundry way to feeke the Indians. They tookean hundred menand ‘women: of which afwel there as in other places where they made any inrodes,the Captaine chofe one ortwo for the Gouernour, and diuided the-reft.to himfelfe, | and thofe that went with him. They led thefé Indians in chaines with yron collars about their néckes ; and they ferued to carrie their ftuffe, and to grind their. - Maiz,and for other feruices that fuch captiues:could —— ‘doe. Sometimes ithappened that going for wood or Maiz next adigning toUirginia, 37 Maiz with them, they killed the Chriftian thatiled them,andran away withthe chaine : others filed their chaines by night with a peece of ftone, wherewith they-cut them,and vie it in ftead of yron. Thofe that were perceiued paid for them({elues, and for the reft, becaufethey fhould not dare to doe the likeanother iy me. The women and young boyes, when they were ag once an hundred leagues from. their Countrie,.and had forgotten things, they letgoe loofe, and fothey ie ferued; and in avery fhort {pace they vnderftood the i language of the Chriftians. From /Zachilthe Gouer- nour departed toward _Apalache,: and In tWO GAMES gosctee ds iournie, hee came to a towne called Axilie, and from Axille. ‘thence forward the Indians were careleffe, becaufe i they had.as yet nonotice of the Chrittians... The next ip day inthe:morning, the firft of OGober, he departed » piney’ oR ow from thence,and commanded abridge to beemadeo- neraRiuer which hee wastopafie. The deepe of the Riuer where the bridge was made, was a {tones cat, and forward a:ctoffebow fhot the water cameéto thie wafte;and the wood, whereby the Indians came to fee ifthey could defend the paflage, and difturbe thofe which made the bridge,was very hieandthicke. The croflebow men fo beftirred them{elues.that th ey made them giue back: and certain plancks were caftintothe | Se a see a a SSS SSS Ses er Sa Me Riuer, whereon the men pafled,which made sood the i. paflage: The Gouernor paffed vpo Wednefday which i. was S. Francis hisday, and lodged at atowne which | | sas called Vitachuco, fubiectto Apalache.: hefoundhit Vitachuce. burning ; for the Indians had fet it on fire.’ From thence forward the countrie was much inhabited, and’ had great {tore of Maiz. Hee paffed by many granges. like hamlets.On Sunday the:2 5.0f Odtober, he came QGober 255. 10 : F 3, ) tO: ‘Thedifcouerie of Piorida, . | O atowne,which is called Faelasandvpon Tuefday to CAbaita \Apalache, where the Lordof all hat Coy ne trleand Prouince was refident : in which towne the Campematter, whofe office it is to:quarter ons, and lodge men, did lodge all the companie round about within a-league, and halfe a leacue of it. "There were other rownes, where was great ftbre of Maiz, Pompi- ons, French Beanes,and Piummes of the Countrie, which are’ better then tho Of Spaive, and they gtow inthe fields without planting. The vi@uals that were thought neceffatie to paffe the Avi Ater; were gathered from thefe townes.td. Aasica Apalache. The Gouer. nour was informed, that the fea wasten leagues from thence. Hee prefently fent a Captaine thither with Rorfemen and footemen + And fixe leagues onthe me 1, Way,he founda towne,which wasnamed Ochete, and focameto the fea; and found a greattree felled, and cut into peeces,with flakes fet vp like mangers,and faw theskulles of horfes; Hee returned with: this newes, And thatwas held for certainewhich was reported of Pamphilo de Naruaez, that there hee had builded the barkes wherewith he went-our of the land of Florida, and was caft away at Sea. Prefently the Gouernour lent John Dazafcowith 30. horfemen to the port de Spi- vite Santo, where Calderaniwas, with order, that they fhould abandon the port, andall ofthemcometo 4. palache. He departed on Saturday ther7.of Nouem- ber. In 7Xachitand other townes that ftoodin the way he found gtearftore of people alreadie.careleffe. Hee wouldtake nsneof theIndia ns, fornoth indring him: " felfe,becaufeit behooued him to giue them no leafure to gather themfelues together. Hz paffed through the ~~ townesbynightand tetted withoutthetownes three E ~ 7 : ' . 7 . J next adioyning to‘Wirginia. 39. or foure houres!: Intenne daies he came to the Port ThePort de de Spirito Santo. Hecarried with him zo. Indian wo- "lise men, which he tookein Ytara, and Potano, neere VOLO ious nic from Cale; and fent them to: Donna Ifabellain.the two cara» Apelache- ucls, whichheefentfrom the Port de Sririto Susteto Cuba. And he carriedall the footemen in che brigan- dines,and coafting along the (hore, came to Apalache, And Calderan with the horfemen, and fome crofic-: bowmenon foote went by land; and in fome places: the Indiansfet-vpom him, and wounded. {ome ‘of his: men. Affooneas hecame to Apalache; prefently the: Gouernour fentfawed plankes and {pikes to the fea- fide, wherewith was made a piragna or barke,wherein were embarked 30. men wellarmed; which went out of the Bay to the Sea, looking for che brigandines,. Sometimesthey tought with the Indians, which pat- fedalong the harbour in their canoes. Vpon Satur- day the 29. of Nouember;, there came: anIndiani Nouem2s: through the Watch vndifconered, and {fet the towne’ on fiteand withthe great wind that blew,two parts of it were confumed ina fhorttime.On Sonday the 28.0f December came lobn Daznfco with the brigandines, Decem28. The Gouernourfent Franci[ca Ataldonadoa Captaine of footemen withso. men to difcouer rhe coaft' Welt- ward,and to fecke {ome Port,becaufe he had determi-. ned to go by land,and difcouer y part. That day there: wentout eight horfemen by commandement of the Gouernor into the field, two leagues about thetowne . to feeke Indians : for they were now fo emboldened, that within twocroffebow fhot of §camp, they came and flew men. They foundtwo men anda woman ga- - thering French Beanes : the men, though they might: kaue fled, yet becaufe chey would not leaue the wo. mans, ieoer Ochus 60, leagues Weft of Apalache. Chap. 14. 40 Thedi/conorie of Florida, ~man,which was one oftheir wiues, they refolued to: dic fighting : and before they were flaine,they woun- ded three horfes, whereof one died within a few daics after. Calderan going withhis men by the Sea- coaft, from a wood that wasneere the place, the In- dians fet vpon him,and made him forfakehis way, and many of them that went with him forfooke fome ne- ceflarie victuals, which they carried with them.Three or foure daies after the limited time giuen bythe Go- uernourto Maldonado for his going and comming, be- ing alreadie determined and refolued, if within eight daies he did notcome,to tarrie no longer for him, he came, and broughtan Indian from a Province, which. was called Ochus,fixtie leagues Weftward from U4pa- lache; where he had found agood Portofgood depth and defenfe againft weather. And becanfe the Gouer- nor hoped to finda good countrie forward,he was ve- » ~rywell contented. And hefent Maldonado for vituals to Hauana,with order, that he fhould tarriefor him at the Port of Ochs, which hee had difcouered, forhee would goefeeke it by land: and ifhefhould chanceto “ftay,and not come thither that f{ummer, thatthen hee fhouldreturne to Hauana, and fhould comeagaine the next {ummer after, and tarrie for him at that port : for hee {aid hee would doe none other thing but goe to feeke Ochws. Francifco Maldonado departed, and in his place for Capraine ofthe footemen remained John de 2) Gaxman. Of thofe Indians which weretakenin Na- 9 petuca, the treafurer John Gaytan had a young man, 99 Which faid, that he was not ofthat Countrie, but of a= »» nother farre off toward the Sunrifing, and thatit was »» long fince he had trauelledto fee Countries ; andthat >) his Countrie was called Yupaha,and that a woman did - gouerne next adtoyning toUirginia. = 41 gouerneit: and thatthetowne where fhe was refident ,, was of a wonderfull bigneffe, and that many Lords ,, roundabout were tributaries to her: and fome gaue ,, her clothes, and others gold in abundance: and hee Abundance told, how it was taken out of the mines,and was moul- 8°! ten and refined,as if hee had feene it done, or the diuel ,, had taughtit him. So that all thofe which knew any ,, thing concerning the fame, faid that it wasimpoffible to gine fo good a relation, without hauing feene it: Andalfofthem, asif they had feeneit, by the fignes that he gaue,beleeued all that he faid to be true. Cuar. XIII. . How the Gouernour departed from Apalache to feeke Yupaha,and of that which happened unto him, , 1540 PAW veere 154.0. the Gouernor departed from A Bee Al Anaica Apalache to {eeke Yupaha. Hecom- ps 243) manded his men to goe prouided with Maiz for fixtie leagues of defert. The horfemen car- tied their Maiz on their horfes, and the footemen at their fides : becaufe the Indians that were for fernice, with their miferable life that they lead that winter, be- ing naked and in chaines,died for the moftpart.With- , | a riuer in foure daiesiournie they came toa great River: and : they madea piragua or ferrie bore, and becaufe of the great current,they madea cable with chaines, which _ the faftened on both fides of the Riuer; and the fer- tie bute wentalong by it, and the horfes fwam ouer, being drawne with capftans. Hauing paffed the Riuer, in a day and an halfe, they came to atowne called Ca- Capachiqui. pachiqni. V pon Friday, the 11-0f March, they- found eae | G Indians {f5 x N Wedenfday the third of March, of the Mah the 3. aa + a ated Foalii.. 42 The difcouerie of. Florida, | Indians in armes. Thenext day fiue Chriftians wene to feeke morters,which the Indians haue to beate their Maiz,and they wentto certaine houfes on the back- fide of the Campe enuironed with a wood: And with- in the wood were many Indians which came to {pie vs ; ofthe which came other fiueand fet vpon vs.One _of the Chriftians came running away, giuing an a-_ larme vnto the Campe.Thofe which were moft readie an{wered the alarme. They found one Chriftian dead, and three fore wounded. The Indians fled vntoa lake adioyning neerea very thicke wood, where the horfes could notenter. The Gouernour departed from Ca- pachiqui,and pafled througha defert. On Wed nefday the 21. ofthe moncth he came toa towne galled T 0- alli: And from thence forward there wasa difference inthehoufes. Forthofe which were behind vs were thatched with ftraw, and thofe of TozMi were couered -withreeds,in manner of tiles. Thefe houfesare verie cleanly. Some of them had walles daubed with clay, which fhewed like a mudwall.. Inall the cold Coun- trie the Indians haue euery onea houfe for the winter daubed with clay within and without, and thedoore is very little: they fhutit by night, and make fire with= in; fo that they are init as warme asinaftoue: and fo it continueth all night that they need not clothes : and befides thefe,they hane others for f{ummer ;and their kitchins neere them, where they make fireandbake their bread: and they haue barbacoas wherein they keepe their Maiz which isan houfe fer vp inthe aire vpon foure ftakes,boorded about likea chamber, and the floore of itis of cane hurdles. The differéce which Lords or principall mens houfes hate from the reft, befides they be greater, is, that they haue greargalle- rieliomd: Yat ries, a Se ee ee ee ee ee ws : won coh ee a ea a next adioyning to Virginia. 4. ries in their fronts, and vnder them feates made of canes in manner of benches: and round about them they haue many lofts, wherein they lay vp that which the Indians doe giue them for tribute, which is Maiz, Deeres skins,and mantles of the Countrie,which are like blankets:they make them of the inner rinde of the | barkes of trees, and fome ofa kind of graffe like vnto 4 orate tite nettles,which being beaten, is like vnto flaxe. The wo- flaxe. men couer themfelues with thefe mantles; they put ‘one about them from the waft downeward ; and ano- ther ouer their fhoulder, with their rightarme out, like vntotheBgyptians. Themen weare butone mantle vpon their fhoulders after the fame manner: and haue theirfecrets hid witha Deeres skin, made likea linen breech,which was wontto be vied in Spaine. The skins are well corried, and they giue them what colour they Excellene ‘Jift, fo perfedt, thatif itbe red, it feemetha very fine ©!ous. cloth in graine,and the blackeis moft fine: and of the fame leather they make fhooes;and they die their man- tles in the fame colours. The Gouernour departed - from Toalithe 24. 0f March: he cameon Thurfday at _ evening toafmall Riuer, where a bridge was made A fait whereon the people pafled, and Benit FernandeXa Por- River, tugall fell offfrom it, and was drowned: Affoone as the Gouernour had pafled the Riuer, a little diftance thencehefoundatowne called Zchefe. TheIndians _- hadno notice of the Chriftians: they leaped intoa heats River’: fome men and women were taken; among which was one that vnderftood the youth which gui- ded the Gouernour to Yapaha: whereby that which hehad reported was more confirmed. For they had paffed through Countries of diuers languages, and | fome which hevnderfteod not. The Gouernour a | re . G 2 : y ; a Tiere Catt ta uals A River very well (nha. bited. a4 Thedifcouerieof Florida, by one of the Indians that weretaken to call the Caci- que,which was on the other fide of the Riuer. Hee came and made this{peech following: ¥rly Right high right mightie,and excellent Lord thofe things which feldome happen doe caufe admiration, What then may the fight of your Lordfhip, and your people doe to mee and mine,whom we neuer far 2 efpecially being mounted on fuch fierce beafts as your horfes are, entring with {uch vialence and furie into my Countrie, without my knowledge of your comming. It was a thing fo flrange, and caufed {uch feare and terrour in our mindes, that it was not in our power to flay and receine your Lordfhip with the folemnitie due to fo high and renowned a Prince, as your Lerdfbip is. And trtt- fling in your greatne(fe and fingular vertues, I doenot onely hope to be freed from blame,but alfo toreceiue fanours : and the fir(t which I demand of your Lordlhip ts, that you will ufé me,wsy Countrie, and (ubsects as your owne: and the fecond, that you will tell mee who you are,and whence youcome, and whither you goe, and what you feeke, that I the better may ferue you therein. The Gouernour anfwered him, that hee thanked him as much for his offer and good will, as ifhee had receiued it, and.asif heehad offered hima great trea- fure: and told him that he was the fonne of the Sun, and came from thofe parts where he dwelt,and trauel- led through that Countrie, and fought the greateft — Lord,and richeft Prouince that wasin it. The Caci- que told him ; that farther forward dwelta great Lord, and that hisdominion was calle Ocate. He gauehima guide,and an interpretour for that Prouince. The Go- uernour commanded his Indians tobee fet free, and trauelled through his Countrie vp a Riuer very well inhabited. He departed from his towne the firlt of ty i . pilus @ next adioyning toUirginia, = = 45 prill; and left a very high croffe of Wood fet vpin the middeft of the market place : and becaufe the time eane no moreleafure, hee declared to him oncly, that that croffe was a memorieofy farne, whereon Chrift, which was God and man, and created the heauens and theearth, fuffered for our faluation: therefore he § exhorted them that they fhould reverence it: and they le made fhew as though they would doe fo. Thefourth ie of Aprill the Gouernour pafled by atowne called AF atramaca, tamaca, andthe 10. of the moneth he came to Ocute. The Cacique fent him two thoufandIndians witha prefent, to wit, many conies, and partriges, bread of Conies, Patri- Maiz,two hens, and many dogs: which among the ges Hens, Chriftians were efteemed as ifthey had been fat we- ~°88°* thers, becaufe ofthe great want of flefhmeate and falt, and hereofin many places, and many times was great need ; and they were fo {carfe, that ifa man fellficke, there was nothing to cherifh him withall: and witha fickneffe,that in another place eafilie mighthauebeen remedied, he confumed away till nothing butskinne and bones wereleft: and they died of pure weaknes, fome of them faying, If I had a flice of meate, or a few cornes of falt, [{hould not die. The Indians wantno flefhmeat : for they kill with their arrowes many deere,hennes,conies, and other wild fowle: for they - arevery cunningatit: which skill the Chriftians had not: and though they hadit, they had no leafureto _ vfeit: forthe moft of the time they {pent in trauell, andduiftnot prefume to ftraggleafide. And becaufe they were thus {canted of ficth, when fixe hundred men that went with Soto, came to any towne, and found 30.0140. dogs,he that could get oneand killir, thought himfelfe no{mall man: and he that killed ir, Ocute. Aa Sg Se aS Se eee oS eS te OS abe: i | Cofaqui. _ Patofa. : ay : The difcouerie fF ior da, and gaue nothis Capraine one quarter, ifhé knew it, he frowned on him, and made him feele it, inthe wat-. ches,or in any other matter of labour that was offered, wherein hee might doe him a difpleafure. On Mon- day the 12. of Aprill, the Gouernour departed from Ocute: The Cacique gaue him two hundred Tamenes, to wit,[ndians to carrie burdens: hee paffed through atowne, the Lord whereof was named Cofaqui, and came to a prouince of an Indian Lord, called, Paté- fa, who,becaufe he was in peacé with the Lord’of Ocx- te, and with the other bordering Lords, had many _ daies before notice of the Gouernour, and defired to feehim: He came to vifit him, and made this {peech following. — | + Mightie Lord, now with good reafon I will crane of for- tune to requite this wy {0 great pro{peritie with fome {mall ad- neritic; andl will count my felfe verie rich, feeing Ihaue obtained that,which in this world 1 moft defired,which is; to feeand bee able to doe your Lordlhip fome feruice. And al- though the tongue bee the image of that which is in the heart, and that the contentment which I feele in my heart Icannot diffemble,yet ts it wot fufficent wholly to manifelt the fame. Where did this your Countrie, which Tdoe gouerne,deferue 40 be vifited of fo fouerargne,andfoexcellent a Prince, whom allthe reft of the world ought to obey andferue? And thofe whichinhabit it being fo bale, what {hall bee the (fue of {uch bappines, if their memorie doe not reprefemt vatothemi forme aduer{itie that may betide them, according to the order of for- tune? If from this day forward we may be capable of this be- nefit,that your Lord{bip will hold vs for your owne,we cannot _ failete be fanoured and maintained in true iufliceandrés- fon, and to haue the name of men, For fuch as ave void of reafon anc inftice, may bee compared to brute beats, For : g mine ra \ \ | next adioyning to ‘Virginia. 47 mine owne part,from my very heart with rewerence due to fach a Prince, Loffer my felfe vato your Lordfhip, & befeech you ; that in reward of this my true good will,you will vouch- Jafe to make ufe of mine owne Perea my Conntrit, and fubiects. | ‘The Guieadar anfiogrea him, that bis offer’ and good wil declared by the effec, did highly pleafe him, whereof he would alwaies be mindful to honourand fauour him as his brother. This Countrie, fromthe firft: peaceable Cacique, vnto the Prouince of Patofa, which were fiftie leagues,is a fat Countrie, beautifull, An excellent and very fruitfull, and very well watered, "and full of good Riuers. And from thence to the Port de Spiris to Santo, where wee firft arivedin the land of Florida,. (which may bee 350. leagues, little more or leffe). is a barren land, and the moft of it groues of wild Pine-. trees. low and full of lakes, and in {ome places very hie and thicke groues, whither the Indians that were in armes fled, fo that no man could find them, ‘neither could any horfes enter into them. Which was.an inconuenience to the Chriftians, in regard of the: victuals which they found conueied away ; and ofthe: trouble which yeh had in piven of indianse to > bee their guides. Cias, XITLE | How the Gouernour departed from the Prouince of Pato- fa,and went through a defert, where he and all bis men fe Linto great diftreffe,and extreme natferit. . | L the towne of Parofa the youth, which theGo.. uernour carried with him for aninterpretour and. a guide, began’ to. fome at the mouth, and tum- | Hi onthe ground, as one poffefied with the diuell: They, {ileer Woes 48 TLhedifconerie of Florida, They faida Gofpell ouer him;and the firleft him.And he faid, that foure daies iournie from thence toward the Sunnerifing, was the prouince that he {pake of. . The Indians of Patofafaid, that toward that part they knew nohabitation; but that toward the Northweft, they knew a Prouince which was called Co¢a, a verie _ plentiful countrie,which had very great townes in it. The Cacique told the Gouernour,that ifhe would go thither,he would giue him guides and Indians for bur- dens;and if he would goe whitherthe youth {pake of, that he would likewife giue him thofe that he needed : and fo with louing wordsand offers of courtefie,they tooke their leauesthe one ofthe other. Hee gaue him {euen hundred Indians to beare burdens. He tooke Maiz for foure daies iournie. Hee trauelled fixe daies by a path which grew narrow more and more,tillit was loft altogether: He went where theyouth did Twofwik leadhim; and pafled two Riuers which were waded: _ Ruucts, eachiofthem was two croflebowfhotouer: the water came to the ftirrops, and had fogreata current, thatit was needfull for:thehorfemen:to ftand onebeforea- | nother, that the footemen might paffe aboue them lea- Another ningynto them. Hecametoanother River ofa grea- greater RUCK. ser cyrrentand largenes, which was paffed with more trouble, becaufe the horfes did {wim atthe comming _ out about a lances length. Hauing paffed this Riuer, the Gouernor came toa groue of pinetrees,and threat- ned the youth, and made as though hee would haue cafthim tothe dogges, becaufe he had toldhim alie, Ninedaiee ‘Ying, itwas butfoure daies iournie, and they had iournic. trauelled nine,and euery day 7. or 8. leagues, and the men by this time were growne wearie and weake,and _ -the horfes leane through the great {canting a the ‘ : ae “ ~ INLAIZ | next adioyningto Virginia. 49 Maiz. The youth faid, that hee knew not where hee was. Itfaued himthat hewasnot caft to the dogges, that there was neuer another whom Joba Ortiz did vo- derftand. The Gouernour with them two,and with fome horfemen and footemen, leaving the Campe in a groue of pinetrees,trauelled that day 5. or 6. leagues to feeka way,and returned atnight very comfortlefle, and without finding any figne of way ortowne. The next day there were fundrie opinions deliuered, whe- . ther they fhould goe backe,or what they fhould doe: and becaufe backward the Countrie whereby they had pafled was greatly {poiledand deftitute of Maiz, and that which they brought with them was {pent, and the men were very weake, and the horfes likewife, they doubted much whether they might come to any place where they might helpe themfelues.. And be- fides this,they were of opinion, that going in that fort out of order, that any Indians would prefume to fet vpon them, fo that with hunger, or with warre, they could not ‘efcape. The Gouernour determined to fend horfemen from thence euery way to feeke habi- tation: and the next day he fent foure Captaines,eue- ry onea f{undrie way with eight horfemen. Atnight they came againe, leading their ‘horfes, or driving them with a fticke before; for they were fo wearie, that they could notlead them;neither found they any way nor figne of habitation. The next day, the Go- vernour fent other foure withas many horfemen that could fwim,to paffe the Ofe and Rivers which they fhould find, and they had choice horfes the beft that were inthe Campe. The Captaines were Baltafar de Gallegos, which went vpthe Riuer; and Joby Danufio, downethe River: C4/fonfo Romo, and lohn Rodriguez BAG | H Lobthe DE ows, ee i Se a aw ow ae SR Te BO Aer ae = as ESS Se CS gS OES ae o~ iy 50 Thedifcouerieof Florida, Lobillo went into the inward parts of the land. The The great ine Goucrnour brought with him into Florida thirteene crealeof {gwes,and had by this time three hundred {wine: He {wine. : ; ) commanded cuery man fhould haue halfea pound of hogs flefh euery day : and this hee did three or foure daies after the Maiz was all fpent. With this {mall uantitie of fefh,and fome fodden hearbs,with much trouble the people were fuftained. The Goucrnour difmiffed § Indians of Patof2,becaulehee had no food to giue them; who defiring to accompanie and ferue the Chriftians in their neceffitie, making thew thatit. grieved them very much to retutne,vmtill they had left them in apeopled Countrie, returned to their owne » home. ohn Danufcocame on Sunday late in the éuc- ning, and brought newes that he had found a little towne 12.01 13. leagues from thence:he brought a wo- man and aboy that he tooke there. With his comming and with thofe newes, the Gouernour and all the reft were foglad, that they feemed at that inflantto haue returned from death to life. Vpon Monday,thetwen- tic fixe of Aprill, the Gouernour departed to goe to Aymap, thetowne,which was called yay ; and the Chriftt- ans named it the towne of Relefe. He left where the Camp had lien atthe foote of a Pinetree a letter bu- ried, and letters carued in the barke of the pine, the contents whereof was this: Dig here at the foot of this pine,& you hal finda letter. And this he did, becaufe | when the Captaines came, which were fent to feeke fome habitation, they might fee the letter, and know what was become of the Gouernour, and which way he was gone. There was no other way to the town,but the markes that John Dasufcol ft made vpon the trees, The Gouernourwith fome of them that had the bel | horfes next adtoyning to Uirginia. 51 horfes'came to iton the Monday : And all the reft in- forcing themfelues the beft they could, fome of them lodged within two leagues of the towne, fome within three and foure,cuery one as he was able togoe, and his ftrength {erued him. There was tound in the towne iq a ftorehoufe fullofthe flowre of parched Maiz ; and ie fome Maiz,which was diftributed by allowance. Here i were foure Indians taken, and none of them would is confeffe any other thing, but that they knew of none other habitation. The Goucrnour commanded one An Indian of them to be burned; & prefently another confefled, ees that two daiesiournie from thence, there was a Pro- : uince that was called Catéfa-Chiqnr.V pon Wednelday came the Captaines Battafar de Gallegos, Alfon/o Romo, and lohn Rodriguez Lobillo: tor they had found the let- ter,and followed the way which the Gouernour had taken towardthetowne. Two men of /obn Rodrigues companie were loft, becaufe their horfes tired : the Gouernour checked bim very fore for leauing them behind,and fentto feeke them: and afloone as they came, he departed toward Catifa Chiqui. In the way three Indians were taken, which faid,thatthe Lacie of that Countrie had notice alr¢adie of the Chriftians, and ftaied for them in a towneof hers. The Gouer- ~nourfent by one of them to offer her his friendfhip, andto aduertife herhow hee was comming thither. | The Gouernour cameynto the towne: and prefently Chalk there came foure canoestohim; in oneofthemcame _ afifter of the Ladic,and approching to the Goucrnour fle faid thefe words: | Excelent Lord, my fifter fendeth unto you by me to ki € your Lordfhips hands,and to fignifie vnto you, that thecaufe i why fhe came not in per{on,ts,that fhe thinketh to do you grea- , H2 ter du eer $2 Lhe difcouerie of Florida, ter feruice haying bebind,as [he doth, giuing order,that with all peed ,al her canoes be readie,that your Lord{hip may paffe the Riner,and takeyour rest, which hall bee prefentlie per- formed. Er ; The Gouernour gaue her thankes,and fhereturned to the other fide of the Riuer. Within a little while the Ladie came out of the towne in a Chaire, whereon certaine of the principall Indians brought her tothe Riuer. She entred into abarge, which had the fterne tilted ouer,and onthe floore her matreadielaied with two cufhions vpo it one vpon another, where fhe fate _ her downe;and with her came her principall Indians in other barges, which did wait vpon her. Shewent to the place where the Gouernor was,and at hercom- ming fhe made this fpeech following : y DRS Excellent Lord, 1 wifh this comming of your Lorajbip in- 40 thefe your Countries,to be moft-happse : although my power be not anfwerable to my wil,and my feruices be'inot according to my defire, nor fuch as fo high a Prince,as your Lordfhip, deferueth; yet fince the good will israther tobe accepted, then allthe treafures of the world, that without tt are offered,with - moft vnfaileable and manifeft affection, offer you my perfor, lands, and {ubiects; and this fmallferuice. * And therewithal fhe prefented vnto him great ftore of clothes of the Countrie, which fhee brought in o- ther canoes; to wit, mantles and skinness and tooke Agreateor- from her owne neckea great-cordon of perles, and donof perless oa ir about the necke of theGouernour, entertaining him with very gracious {peeches of loue and courtefie, and commanded canoes to be brought thither, where- They pale in the Gouernour and his people pafled'the Riner. AL pe ieeeh, foone as hee was lodged in the towne, the fent him a- qui. -snnother prefentofmany hens. This Countrie was-ve- : | rie. : next adioyning to Uirginia. Bite 8 rie pleafant, fat, and hath goodly meadows by the Ri- vets. Their woodsate thin, and ful of walnut trees and Walaur trees. Mulberrietrees. They faid the fea was two daies iour- Moibery tees nie from thence. Within aleague, and halfe aleague Tie in about this towné,were greattownes difpeopled, and ssies iournic ouergrowne with grafle; which fhewed,that they had” been long without inhabitants. The Indians faid,that two yeere before there wasa plague in that Countrie, and that they remooued to other townes. ‘There was in their ftorehoufes great quantitie of clothes, mantles Marries ofthe ofyarne made of the barkes oftrees,and others made itecs. of feathers,white,ereene,red,and yellow, very fine af-. Maniles of tertheir vfe,and profitable for winter. There were al- dius fomany Deeres skinnes, with many compartiments traced in them, and fome of them made into hole, . ftockings,and fhooes. Andthe Ladie perceiuing,that the Chriftians efteemed the perles, aduifed the Go- uernour to fend to fearch certaine graues that were in that towne,and that hee fhould find many : and thatif hee would fend to the difpeopled townes,hee might load all his horfes. They fought the graues of that towne,and there found foureteenc rooues of perles, Three hun- and litt!e babies and birds made of them. The people ¢tedninetie were browne, well made,and wel! proportioned, and veavies: pane more civill then any others that were feene in all the Countrie of Florida, and all of them went fhod and clothed. The youth told the Gouernour, that hee be- gan now toenter into the land which he {pake of : and fome credit was giuen himrthat it was fo, becanfe hee vnderftood the language ofthe Indians: and hee re- quefted thathe might bee Chriftened,for he faid hee defired to become a Chriftian: Hee was Chriftentd, . and named Peter; and-the Gouernour commanded H 3. sa him Rh } Ahab - st. -Lhe difcouerie of Florida, him tobee loofed froma chaine, in which vntill that time he had gone. This Countrie,as the Indians repor- ted, had been much inhabited,and had the fame of a good Countrie. And,as it fecmeth, the youth, which ») was the Gouernours guide, had heard of it; and that which he knew by. herefay, hee affirmed that hee had feene,and augmented at his pleafure. In this towne was found a dagger,and beades, that had belonged to Thistowne Chriftians. The Indians reported,that Chriftians had wasbuttwo been in the hauen, which was two daies 1ournie from daiesiournic - ‘ . fromtheha. this towne,many yeeresagoe. Hee thatcame thither uenofSanta_ was the Gouernour, the Licenctate Lucas Vafquez de Helena. _tylion, which wentto conquer this Countrie,and ae Inthe ycere his coniming to the Port hee died ; and there was a pete diuifion,quarrels and flaughters betweene fome prin- cipall men which went with him, for the principall gouernment : And without knowing any thing of the Countrie, they returned home to Hipamiola.. All Itisinge, — the Companie thought it good to inhabit thatCoun- degrees. triebecaufe it wasina tem perat climate: And thar ifie were inhabited, al the fhippes of New Spaine,of Pers, Santa Martha, and Tierra firme, in their returne for Spaine, might well touch there : becaufe it was in their way; and becaufe it was a good Counrrie,and fited fie toraife commoditie. The Gouernour,fince his intent wasto feeke another treafure, like that of _Atabalipa Lord of Pera, was not contented witha good Coun- trie, nor with pearles, though many of them were worth their weightin gold. And if the Countrie had. been diuided among the Chriftians, thofe which the Indians had fifhed forafterward, would havebeen of more value: forthofe which they had, becaufe they . burned them inthe fire, did leefe their colour. The | -Gouernour | 4 a be ee © . ae ee a a “, : y suff vs ~_ 4 ee ae ee ys eet ~t! a Seating = SS, ee eee ag eS ee | rere next t adieyning Lo Richt, 55 Gouernour anfwered hates that vrged him to inha- bit, That in all the Countrie, there were not victuals to {ultaine his men one moneth; and that it was needtull torefortto the Port of Ucas, sha Maldanado was to diay for them: and that if no richer Countrie were found, they might returne againe to that whenfocuer they would: and in the meane time the Indians would {o\w their fields,and it would be better furnithed with Maiz. He inquired ofthe Indians, whether they had hotce of any great Lord far ther into the land. They | told him, that 12. daies iournie from thence,there was Chiaha 12. a Prowince called Chiaha, {ubie& to the Lord of Coca, daies iournie Prefenrly the Gouernour determined to fecke that Hay land. And being a fterne man, and of few words, Cotte 7.daics though he was glad to fiftand know the opinion ofall pis wae men, “yet after hee had deliuered his owne, hee would which towne not o¢ contraricd,and alwaies did whatliked himfelfe, of Cofte,they aid {o all men did condefcend vnto his will. And halen i thongh it feemed an crrour to leaue that Countrie, | (for others might haue been fought round about, _. wherethe people might haue been fuftained,vntill the - harueft had been readie there,and the Maiz cathered) yetthere was none that would fay any thing againit him, after they knew his refolution. are Ns How the Gowernour departed from Cutife-Chiqui 10 yee the Prouince of Co Cas and what happened un- to hins in the way. 4 He’ Gouernour departed from Cutifa-Chigni the third day of May.’ And becaufe the Indi-: ans had reuolted,and the will ofthe Ladie was perceiticd, thatif the could, fhe would depart without — giving - 1.2. ys es ae Chalaque fe- uen daies journte from Cutifa-Chi- qui. 56 Thedsfcouerte of Florida, giuing any guides or men for burdens,for the wrongs which the Chriftians had done to the Indians: (for there neuer want {ome among many ofa bafefort,thae for alittle gaine doe put themfelues and others in dan-_ ger of vndoing.) The Gouernour commanded her to be kept in fafegard, and carried with him, not with fo good viage as fhe deferued for § good wil the fhewed, and good entertainement that {he had made him. And he verified that old prouerb which faith; For weldoing Treceiueeuill. And fohe carried her on foot with his bondwomen to looke vnto her. In all the tewnes where the Gouernout paffed, the Ladie commanded the Indiansto come and carrie the burdens from one towne toanother. We paffed through her Countrie _an hundred leagues,in which,as we faw,fhe was much - obeyed. For the Indians did ail that fhe commanded them with great efficacie and diligence. Peter the youth that was our guide;faid,that fhe was not the La- die her felfe;but aneece of hers, which came to that towne to execute certaine principal men by comman- dement of the Ladie,which had withheld her tribute: which words were not beleeued, becaufe of the lies which they had found in him before: butthey bare ~ with all things, becaufe of the need whichthey had of hin, to declare what the Indians faid. In feuen daies {pace the Goucrnour came toa Prouince called Chals- que,the pooreit Country of Maiz that wasfeenein Fis- vida, The Indians fed vponrootes and herbes which they feeke in the fields, and vpon wild beafts, which they kil with their bowes and arrowes: and it isa verie gentle people. All of them goe naked, andare very leane. There was aLord, which fora great prefent, brought the Gouernour two Deeres skins: and there Seek eae LP ope Re were q nextadioyningto Virginiz. $7 were in that‘Counttie: many ‘wildhennes!) Imone 70°. Hennes, townethey made hima prefent of 700: hennes,and fo in other townes they fent him thofe which: they had orcould pet. “From this Provinceto another;whichis called Xwalla, he {pent fiue daics : herehe found VELY. Xuallas. daies little Maiz ; and for this caufe,though the people were o# : wearied.and the harfes very weake, he fiaied no more but two daies. From Ocute to Cutifa-chiqui, may bee fome-hundrediand thirtie leagues; whereof 80. are - wildernefle: Frais Cutifa-chiquito Xualla,two hundred and fiftie,and jtisan hillie Countrie..{ he Gouernour | departed from Xaallatoward Guaxule: he pafledvery 2 ..oh and rough and hie hilles. Inthat iournie,the Ladie of Cz- hic iilles. tifa-chiqus (whom the Gouernour’ carried with him, as is afore faid, with purpofeto carrie her to Guaxnle, becaufe her territoriereached thither) going on a day with the bondwomen which lead her,wentoutofthe ‘way,and entredintoawood, faying, fhe went toeafe herfelfe,and {fo fhe deceiued them,and hidher felfein the wood ; and though they fought herthey could not find her. She carried away with heralittlecheftmade | - ofcanes inmanner ofa coffer, whichthey callPetaca; = full of vnbored perles.. Some which could iudge,of them,faid, that they were of great value.. An Indian woman that waited on her did cartiethem. ‘The Go- uernour not-to difcontent her altogether, left them . withher,making account that in Guaxnule he would ask them ofher;when he gate herleaueto returne:. which coffer fhe carried away,and went to X#al/a with three flaues which fled from the Campe,and one horfeman which remained behind, who falling ficke ofan ague wentout ofthe way, and was Ieft.. This man, whofe name was Almas, dcalt ae the flanes to ebtgs ’ ; & Guaxule flue daies off. Canafagua two daies journie off. Mulberrie grees to make Gike. 38 Thedifconerieof Florida. their euill purpofe, and returne with him tothe Chri- ftians ; which two of them did; and Alimamos and they ouertooke the Gouernour 50. leagues from thence inaProuince called Chiaha; and reported how the Ladie remainedin Xa#alla witha flaue of Andrew de Vafcoucellos, which would not come backe with | them,and that of a certaintie they lined as manand wife rogether,and meant to goebothto Cwtifa-chiqui. Within fiue daies the Gouernout cathe to Gaaxule, The Indians there gaue him a prefentof 300. dogges, - becaufe they faw the Chriftians efteeme them, and fought them to feed onthem: for among them they arenoteaten. In Gwaxule, and all that way, was very little Maiz. The Gouernour fent frontthence an In-- dian with a meflage to the Cacique of Chiaha,todeftre — _ himto gather fome Maiz thither, that he mightreft a few daies in Chiaha. The Gouernour departed from Guaxnle,and intwo daies iournie came toa towne cal- led Cana/agna. There met him on the way 20. Indians Great ttore of euery one loaden witha basket ful of Mulbetries : for there be many,and thofe very good, from Cutifa-chigue thither, and fo forward in other Prouinces,and alfo nuts and plummes. And the treesgrow inthe fields without planting or dreffing them, and are as big and as rancke,as though they grew in gardens digged and watered. From the time that the Gouernour depar- ted from Cana(agua, hee iournied fine daies through a defert; and two leagues before hee came to Chiaba, there met him 15. Indians loaden with Maiz,which the Cacique had fent; and they told him onhis be- halfe,that he waited his comming with zo. barnes full of it,and farther, that himfelfe,his Countrie, and {ub-. ies, & al things cls were at his feruice.Onthe 5.day of Tune IS AT a I Sa eT ee oe ee. next adtoyning toUirginia. 59 Tune,the Gouernor entred into Chiaha: The Cacique tunes. voided his owne houfes, in which he lodged, & recei- ued him with much ioy,faying thefe words following: Mightie and excellent Lord, t hold my felfe for (a happse deogstes trom. aman, in that st hath pleafedyour Lordfhip to vfe me, that x nothing could hane happened unto me of more contentment, nor that I would haue efteemed fo much. From Guaxule your Lordlhip feut unto me, that 1 lhould prepare Maiz for youin this towne for two moneths : Herel haue for you 20. barnes full of the choifeft thatin all the Countrie could be found. Ifyour Lordfhip bee not entertained by mein fuch fort,as ts fit for (0 hie a Prince, re{pect my tender age, which excufeth me from blame,and receine my good wil, which with much loyaltie,truth, and fiaceritie, I will alwaies fhewin any thing which fhall concerneyour Lordfhips feruice. _ The Gouernor anfwered him, that he thanked him very much for his feruice and offer, and that he would alwaiesaceount him as hisbrother. There was in this towne much butter in gourds meltedlike oile: they The fat of faid it was the fat.of beares. There was found alfo cares. great ftore of oile of walnuts,which was cleareas but- Oile of wal- ter,and.ofa good tafte,anda pot fullof honie of bees, ; ; : Honie of which neither before nor afterward was feene inall gees. the Countrie. The towne wasin an Iland betweene oe ied two armes of a Riuer, and was feated nigh one of "°°" them. The River diuideth it felfe into thofe two branches two croflebow fhot aboue the towne, and meeteth againea league beneath the fame. The plaine betweene both the branches is fometimes one croffe- bow; thot, fometimes two croflebow fhot ouer. The branches are very broad, and bothof them maybe waded ouer. There were all,along them verie good meadows, and manie fields fowne with Maiz. And | ee et —-becanfe 60 TLhedifcouerie of Florida, . becaufe the Indians ftaiedin their towne,the Gouer- nourionly lodged in the houfes of the Cacique, and his peoplein the fields; where there was euer a tree,e- ueric one tooke one for himfelfe.. Thus the Camp lay {eparated. one from another, and out of orders’ The Gouernour winked atit, becaufethe Indians were in peace, and becaufe it was very*hot, and the people fhould haue{uffered great extremiti¢if ithad norbin fo. The horfes came thitherfoweake; that for feeble-__ neffe,they werenorableto carrie their mafters:becaufe that from Cut:fa-chigui, they alwaies-trauelled with ve- ri¢ little prouender,and were hunger-ftarued and tired | das ar ener fince they came from the defert of Ocute. Andbe- 4. ¢aufethemoft of ther were not in café to vein bat : tell, though need fhould require, they fent them to — feedin the nighta quarter ofa league from the Camp. The Chriftians were there in great danger, becanfé that if arthistime the Indians had fet vpon them, they _. had been in euill cafe to haue defended themfelues. 30.Daiesreft. The Gouernour refted there thirtie dates, in which time, becaufe the Countrie was very fruitfull, the hor- fes grew fat. Atthe time of his departure, by theim- "| portunitieoffome,which would haue more then was reafon, heedemanded of the Cacique 30. women to make flaues of. Hee anfwered that he would conferre _ with hischiefemen. Andbeforeheereturned anans _ fwere,one night all of them with theirwities andchik dren forfooke the towne,and fled away: The next day the Gouernour purpofing to'goe to feeke chem, the: Cacique came vnto him, and at his comming vfed thefe words vntothe Gouernours: ois) 28 apa Mightie Lord, with fhame-and feare of your Lordfhip;’ becanfe my fubsets azainft my will haue done amiffein ab-- et ei - _ fenting © Jere) TS ren ea oe | mext adigoning to Unrginia. Ot ‘fenting themfelues, I went my way without your licenfe , and knowing the errour which 1 haue committed bike a loyats fub- ject, 1 come to yeeld my felfe into your power, to di[pole of wee at your owne pleafure.F or: my (ubiects donot obey mee, nor. doe anything but what anVncle of mixe conmandeth which gouerneth this Countrte for meuntill ibe ofa perfect age. If your Lord{hip will pur[ue them, and execute onthem that, — svbich for their difobedience they deferne,| willbe your guide, fiacearthis prefent my fein wullior fap: 1, wae to nde Any more. Prefently the Gouernour with 30. pointer and “as many footemen,wentro feeke the Indians, and pa{; Certaine fing by fome townes of the principall Indians which °""S* had ablented them({elues, hee cutand deftroyed great fields of Maiz; and wentvp the River, where theIn- dians were in an Ifland,. where the horfemen could not come atthem. There he fent them word byan In= dian to returne to their towne and fearenothing, and that they fhould giue him men to carrie burdens, as af thofe behind had done; for he would haueno Indian women, feeingthey were foloth to part with them.. The Indians accepted his requeltjand came tothe Go- uernour to excufe themfelues; and fo all ofthem re- turned totheir towne. A. Cacique ofa Prouince cal- eld Co#e, came to thistowneto vifitthe Gouernour, After hee had offered himfelfe, and paffed with him fome words of tendring his feruiceand curtefie; the Gouernour asking him whether hehad notice ofany rich Countrie? he faid,yea: to: wit, thar toward the ., North,there wasa Prouince named Chifeasand that 5, there was a melting of copper, and of another metall: Mines of or of the fame colour,faue thatit was finer, and of a farre?. Galteie. gore pertectcolour, and farre better to the fight ,and ward che. rr : : ee oie Northe- 62 The dsfconerie of Florida, ys thatthey vied it not fo much, becaufe it was fofter. Harchets of Andthe felfe famething was told the Gouernour in rel, Cutifa-chiquiswhere wefaw fome little hatchets of cop- | »» pet,which were faid to hauea mixture of gold. Butin © Chifcaisdi- that part the Countrie was not well peopled,and they peely North faidthere were mountaines, which the horfes could tom Cutifa- | Chiqui, which Not pafle: and for that cautfe, the Gouernour would is within two not goe from Cutifa-chiqui directly thither: And hee Hun 4" made account, that trauelling through a peopled Countrie,when his men and horfes fhould bee in bet- ; ter plight,and hee were better certified of the truth of the thing, he would returne toward it, by mountaines, and a better inhabited Countrie, whereby hee might TwoChriti- haue better paflage.He fent two Chriftians from Chia- ans(entfrom £4 with certaine Indians which knew the Countrie of iahato gs feeke Chifca. Chéifca,and the language thereofto view it,and to make | report of that which they fhouldfind; where hetold themchat he would tarrieforthem. ~ Cuap. XVI : How the Gouernor departed from Chiaha, and at Cofte was in danger to haue been flaine by the hands of the Indians ,and by a flratageme efcaped the fame: And what more happened unto him in this iournie, and how he came to Coca. | , Sy a\Hen the Gouernour was determined to Ve fey, depart from Chiahato Coffe, hefent forthe 5. #493) Cacique to come before him, and with 238 gentle words tooke his leaue of him,and- Par 2 — a0 8} Jem aue him certaine things, wherewith herefted much cote euep contented: In feuendaies hee came to Coffe. Thefe- a f : : e o- j e Chiabe oan cond of lulie he commanded his Campe to be pitch- 3 4. ; ed next adtoyning to ‘Uirginia, ed two croflebow fhot from the town: and with eight men of his guard he went where he found the Caci- que, which tohis thinking receiued him with great loue. As hee was talking with him, there went from the Campe certaine footemen tothe towne tofecke fome Maiz,and notcontented with it, they ranfacked and fearched the houfes, and tooke what they found. With this defpite the Indians began to rife and to take theirarmes: and {ome of them with cudgils in their hands, ran vpon five or fixe Chriftians, which had done them wrong, and beat them at their pleafure. The Gouernour feeing them alin an vprore,and him- felfeamong them with fo few Chriftians, to efcape | their hands vied aftratagem,farre againtt his owne dif- i pick a pofition,being,as hee was, very francke and open:and ae though it grieued him very much that any Indian fhould be fo bold,as with reafon, or without reafon to. defpife the Chriftians, he tooke vp a cudgel,and tooke their parts againft his owne men; which wasameanes toquietthem : Aridprefently hefent word by aman very fecretly to the Campe, that fome armed men. fhould come toward the place where he was; and hee rooke the Cacique by the hand,vfing very mild words. -vnto him, and with fomie principall Indians that did accompanie him,he drew them out of the towne into a plaine way, and vnto the fight ofthe Campe, whi- ther by little andlittle with good difcretion the Chri- ftians began to comeandto gather about them. Thus. the Gouernour led the Cacique, and his chicfemen vntill he entred withthem into the Campe :andneere: ynto his tent; hee commanded them to be putin fafe cuftodie: and told them, that they fhould not depart: without giuing hima guide and Indians for pata, | bees ang: 64. . Lhedifconerie of Florida, andtill certaineficke Chriftians were come, which he had commanded to comedowne the Riuerin canoes from Chiaha; and thole alfo which hehad fentto the Prouince of Chica: (forthey werenot returned; and _, hefeared thatthe Indians:had flaine the one, and the cee other.) Within three daies after,thofe which werefent fecke Chica to Chifca returned, and made report, that the Indians High moun. ad: cartied them through a Countrie fo: poore of igh moun- 3 fe Pre? a as ined: Maiz, and fo rough, and ouer fo high mountaines, that it. was impoffible for thearmie to trauellithat ways and thatfeeing the way grew very long, and that they lingred much,they confulted to returne froma little. Alitlepoore poore towne,where they faw nothing that was of any Townes. Anoxehide Profit, and. brought an oxe hide, whichithe Indians with hairelike gauethem, as thinne as a.caluesskinne, and the haire woowscP-36 Tikea {ofc wooll,betweene the courfe/and fine wooll Hiftor. Gene- Of fheepe. The Cacique gaue a guide, and men for take." burdens, and departed with the Gouernours leaue. Tale de) ‘The Gouernotir departed from Cosethe ninth of Tix from Cotte. ie,andlodged at atowne called Talis The Cacique {péech:: mn oii sradvi bigye FLigous _. Excellent Bord and Prince,worthie ta be ferucd and obey- €d of all the Princes in theworld;howfaeuer for the moft part by the outward phyfiecnomie,theimvard vertae may beeind- unto met before now : 1 will not inferre hereupon how meane Lam inyour prefence, tehope that my poore fermices will bee Gratefulland acceptable sfince wheress firength faileth, the will doth not ceafe to be prai(ed and accepted. (And for this caufe I prefume to request your Lordjhip that you will be plea Sedozily to réfpect thefame, andconfider wherein yon will Somstand my feruice in thisyour Cowntrie. \ ~/ came foorth toreceiuehim on the way, and made this » ged,and that whoyouare, and of what flrengih,wies knowne q next adtoyning toUirginia. The Gouernour anfwered him, that his good will and offer was asacceptable vnto him, as if he had offe- red himall the treafures of the world, and that hee would alwaies intreate, fauour, and eftceme himas if he were his owne brother. The Cacique commanded prouifion neceffarie for two daies, while the Gouer- nour was there, to be brought thither : and atthe time ofhis departure, he gaue him foure women and two -men,which heehad need ofto beareburthens. The * Gouernour trauelled fixe daies through many townes {ubie@ to the Cacique of Coca: & as he entred into his Countrie many Indians came vynto him euery day from the Cacique,and met him on the way with mef- fages, one going, and another comming. Heecame _ to Coca vpon Friday, the 26. of Iulie. The Cacique Coca. ‘came foorth toreceiue him two crofiecbow fhot from Me*® - thetowneinachaire,which his principall men carried on their fhoulders, fitting vpona cufhion, and couered witha garment of Marterns, of the fafhion and bignes ofa womans huke: hee hadon hisheada diadem of _ feathers, and round abouthim many Indians playing vpon flutes,and finging: Affooneashe came ynto the Gouernour, he did his obeyfance, and vitered thefe words following : stonnt | Excellent and mightie Lord,aboue all themof the earth; — although 1 come but now to receineyou, yet I hane recetuea you many daies agoe in my heart, to wit, from the day wherein. 1 had firft notice of your Lordlhip ; with (0 great defire to ferue you, with fogreat pleafure and contentment, that this which I make fhew of, % nothing in regard of shat which is in my heart, neither can it haue any kind of comparifon, Thisyou may bold for certaine, that 10 0b- taine the dominion of the wholeworld, would not bane re- ; K joyced of Coga, Many townes Martterns, ~ The cowne. Many gteat townes, irees of di- wers forts, Two lorts © grapes. 66 Thedifcouerieof Florida, ioyced me fo much,as your fight, neither would I hane held it for focreata felicitie. Doe not looke for me t0 offer you that which wsyour owne : to wit,my perfon,mey lands and fubtects: onely Iwill bufie my felfe in commanding my men with all di- ligence and due renerence to welcome youfrom hence to the towne with playing and finging, where your Lordjhip {hall be lodged and attended upon by my felfe and them : and all that Tpolfe(fe, your Lordjhip fhallufé as it were your owne, For your Lordjbip hall doe mea verie great fanour in (o doing. , The Gouernour gaue him thankes, and with great ioy they both went conferring together, till they came tothe towne : and he commanded his Indians to void - their houfes,wherein the Gouernor and his men were lodged. There was in thebarnes, and in the fields, "great ftore of Maizand French Beanes: The Country was greatly inhabited with many greattownes, and many fowne fields,which reached from the oneto the other. It was pleafant,fat,full of good meadows vpon “Manyplum- Riuers. There werein the fields,many Plum trees, af- well of frch as grow in Spaine,as ofthe Countrie: and ¢ wild tall vines, that runne vp the trees; and be- fidesthefe,there. were other low vines with big and fweet grapes ; but for want of digging and drefling, they had greatkirnels inthem. The Gouernour vied to feta guard onerthe Caciques, becaufe they fhould not abfentthemfelues, and carried them with him, till he came out of their Countries: becaufe that carry- ing them along with him, he looked to find people in the townes,and they gaue him guides,and men to car- rie burdens: and before hee went out of their Coun- tries,he gauethem licence toreturne to their houfes, and to their porters likewife,afloone ashecame toany other Lordthip,where they gave him others. The men of SSS A, DEA TS RO, AON 3 next adtoyning to‘Uirginia. = 67 of Coca feeing their Lord detained,tookeit in euil part, and reuolted,and hid themfelues in the woods, alwelf thofe of the towne ofthe Cacique, as thofe of the o- ther townes ofhis principal! fubiecéts. The Governor fent out foure Captaines, every one his way to feeke them. They tooke many men and women, which were put into chaines: They feeing the hurt which they receiued,and how little they gained in abfenting themfelues,came againe, promifing to do whatfoeuer uit were commanded. Of thofe which were taken ptifoners, fome principall men were fet at libertie, whom the Cacique demanded : and cuery one that had any,carried the reft in chaines like flaues, without letting them goeto their Countrie: neither did any returne, but fome few, whofe fortune helped them with the good diligence which they vied to file off their chaines by night, or {uch as in their trauelling could flippe afide out of the way, fecing any negli- gence in them that kept them: fome efcaped away with the chaines, and with the burdens, and clothes which they carried. shies: “Cuavp. XVII. How the Gonernour went from Coca to Tafcaluca. essa tie Gouernour refted in Coca 2 5.daies. He m9) departed from thence the 20. of Auguft 20. of Auguft. ‘ tofeekea Prouince called Tafcatuca: hee 4! carried with him the Cacique of Coca. He = paffed thar day by a great towne called Tallimuchafe, the people were fled : he lodged halfe a {llimucha- league farther neere a brooke. The next day he came eae to atowne called Ytaua, fubie& to Coca. Hee ftaied Yana. Re Oe saa there 63 Thedifcouerieof Florida, there fixe daies becaufe of a Riuer that pafled byit, ‘Agreat Riuer. Which at that time was very hie; and affoone as the Rt- uer fuffered him to paffe,he fet torward, and lodgedat atownenamed Vllibahalt. There cameto him on the way,on the Caciques behalfe of that Prouince, tenor twelue principall Indiansto offer him his feruice; all of them had their plumes of feathers, and bowes and arrowes. The Gouernour comming to the towne with twelue horfemen, and fome footemen of his guard, leauing his peoplea croflebow fhot from the towne,entred into it, hee found all the Indians with their weapons:andas farreas he could ghefle, they fee- med to haue fome euillmeaning. Tt wasknowneaf- terward, thatthey were determined to take the Cacis que of Coca ftom the Gouernour, if hee had requefted Vilibshali it. The Gouernour commanded all his peopletoen- walledabout. ter the towne,which was walled about, and neerevn- The fathion of tO it pafled a fmall Riuer. The wall,afwell of that,as of theic wales. others,which afterward wee faw, was of great pofts thruft deepe into the ground and very rough, and ma- ny long railes as big as ones arme laid acroffe between them,and the wall was about the height ofa lance,and it was daubed within and without with clay, and had » loope holes. On the otherfide of the River, was a arowne. | towne, where atthat prefent the Cacique was. The _ Gouernour fentto call him,and hee came prefently. After he had paffed with the Gouernour fome words of offering his feruices, he gaue him fuch men for his cariagesas he needed, and thirtie women for flaues. In that place was a Chriftian loft, called Mancano, borne in Salamanca,of noble parentage, which wentaftray to Great fore of feeke for grapes, whereof there is greatftore, and thofe goed saps. very good. ‘The day that the Gouernour departed from Vilibahali, A ee ae aah WSR open Sate ape. ipa ns we b coats pease. SUSE GLD cts Bem nn ; Pa eet ee mi ee » egy a } 7: yy 23, Se ial next adioyning to Uirginia. 69. from thence, he lodged ata towne {ubiect to the Lord ae ofVUlibabali: and the nextday hee came to another towne called Toa. The Indians gaue the Gouernour To4- thirtie women,and {uch men for his cariages as he nee- ded. Hee-trauelled ordinarily 5. or 6. leagues a day He travelled when he trauelled through peopled Countries: an Baap oe going through deferts,he marched as faftas he could, a day. . to efchew the want of Maiz. From Toafi, pafling through fome townes fubiedt to. a Cacique,which was Lord.of a prouince called Tale, hee trauelled fue daies: Hecameto Tali/ethe 18. of September: The . towne was great, and fituated neere vntoa maine Ri- Tllifea great uer.On the other fide of the Riuer were other townes, Sentembel 18, and many-fields fowne. with Maiz. On. both fides. it A maine Ri- wasa very plentifull Countrie,and had ftore of Maiz: "“* they had voided the towne. The Gouernour com- ‘manded to call the Cacique;who came,and betweene them paffed fomewords of loue and offer of his ferui- _ces,and hee prefented vnto him 40.Indians. There cameto the Gouernour in this. towne a principall In- dianin the behalfe of the Cacique of Ta/caluca, and made this {peech following: | _ Mightie, vertuous, and efleemed Lord,the great Cact- que of Tafcaluca my Lord, fendeth by meto ki(fe your Lord- Ships hands, and to let yon under fland, that he hath notice, how you iuftly rani[bh with your perfections and power all men on the earth, and that euerie one by whom your Lordjhip pafferh doth ferueand obey you ; which. he. acknowledgeth ta be due unto you, and defireth,as his life,to fee, and toferne your Lordjhip. For which caufe by me he offereth himfelfe, his lands and fubietts,that when your Lordjhip pleafeth togo _ through his Countrie,youmsay be receiued with all peace and loue,ferued andobeyed ; and that imrecompenfe of the aie 7 NRE 2: Bi € 30 = The difcouerie of Florida, he hath to fee you,you will doe him the fanour tolet him know when you will come: for how much the fooner, fo much the greater fanour be fhallreceine. eG. The. Gouernour receiued and difpatched him gra- cioufly,giuing him beades, which among them were not much efteemed,and fome other things to carrie to his Lord. And he gauc licenceto the Cacique of Coca to returne home to his owne Countries. The Cacique of Tallife gaue him-fuch men for burthens as he nee- ded. And after he had refted there2 0. daies, hee -de- parted thence toward Tafcaluca. That day when hee Cafitea crear Went from Talle, hee lodged ata great towne called _ towne, Cafiite. Andthenext day paffed by another,and came Tafcaluca. _ toa {malltowne of Tafcaluca; and the next day hee camped in a wood two.leagues from the towne where the Caciquerefided, and was at thattime.Andhefent _ the Mafter of the Camp, Lays de Mofcofo, with 15. horfemen, tolet him know how hee was comming. The Cacique was in his lodgings vndéera Canopie? and without doores, right againft his lodgings, in'an high place, they {pread a mat for him, & two cufhions one vpon another, where he fat him downe,and his In- dians placed themfelues round about him,fomewhat diftant from him, fo that they madea place, and avoid roome where he fate: and his chiefeft men were nee- reftto him, and onewith afhadow of Deeresskinne, which keept the Sunne from him, being roundjand ‘of the bignes of a target,quartered with black and white, | havinga rundellin the middeft : a farre off itfeemed to beoftaffata, becaufe ¥ colours werevery perfect. It | was fetona {mall ftaffe {tretched wide out. This was the deuice which hee carried in his warres. Hee wasa man of avery tall Rature, of great limmes, and {pare, | and nextadioyning to Uirginia. 71 and well proportioned, and. was much ' feared of his neighbours.and fubiects. He was Lord of many terri- toriesand'much people: Inhis countenance hee was very graue. Afterthe Matter of the Campe had {po- ken with him,-he and thofe that went with him cour- fed their horfes,pranfing them to andftg,and now and then toward, the place where the Cacique was, who with much grauitie and diffimulation now and then lifted yp:his cies, ‘and beheld them asit were with dif daine. At the Gouernours comming, hee made no offeratall torife.. The Gouernour tooke him by the hand,and both of them fat downe together ona feate which was vnderthe cloth of eftate. The Cacique faid thele wordsvntohim: =. | | Mighty Lord, bid your Lordfhip right bantily ns nae rectine as much pleafure and contentment with your fight,as if you were my. brother bom 1 dearely loued : upon this point it isnot necdfullto vfé manyreafons ; ; fince st ts no difcretion to peake that in many wordes, which in few may be vttered. How much the greater the willis, fo much more ciucth it name to the workes, and the workes cine teftimonte of the truth. Now touching my will, by ityou fall know, how.cer- tain cy manifelt it is;and houpure inclination I bane to ferue you. Concerning the fanour which yon did me, in the things which you ent me, I make as much account of ‘shem as isrea~ fon to cfteeme therm: and. chicfly becaufe they were yhtrs. “Now fee what feruicejou will command me. "The Gouetnor fatisfied him with fweet words,and with eréat breuitie.. When hee departed from thence hedetermined to cartie him along with him for fome caules, and attwo.daies iournie hee :cametoatowne called Piaché,by which there pafleda great Riuer, The Pische.. Gouerour demanded canoes: of the Indians : ai, od ai A great Rivers. Mauilfa. 18. OfO&o< ber. a2 Thedifconerie of Florida, faid, they had them not, but that they would make rafts of canes and drie timber,on which he might pafle well enough: And they madethem with all diligence and {peed, and they gouerned them;and becaulé the water went very flow, the Gouernour and his people paffed very well. : : iba! “From the Port de Spirito Santoto A palache, which is about ‘an hundred leagues, the Gouernour went _ from Eaft to Weft: And from Apalache to Cutifa-chi- qui which are 430. leagues, from the Southweft to the Northeaft: and from Casifa-chiqui to Xualla,which are about two hundred and fiftie leagues, from the South tothe North : And from X#alla to Ta/éaluca,which are two hundredand fiftie leagues more, an hundred and ninetieof them he travelled from Eaft to Weit,to wit, tothe Pronince of Coca: and the other 60. from Co to Ta{ealucafromthe NorthtotheSouth. | Hauing paffed the Riuer of Piache,a Chniftian went from his companie from thence to feeke.a woman flaue that was runneaway from him, and the Indians either tooke him captiue, or flue him. The Gouer- norvrged the Cacique that he fhould giueaccountof him,and threatned him, thatif he were not found, he would neuerlet him loofe. The Cacique fent an In- dian from thence to ~Manilla, whither they were tra- uelling, which was atowne ofa principall: Indian and his fubieG, faying, tharhe fent-himtoaduifethem to make readie victuals, and ‘men for carriages. But, (as afterward appeared) hee fent him toaffemble all the men of warrethither, that hee’had in his Countrie. _ ‘The Gouernour trauelled three:daies;:andthe third ~ day he pafledallday through a peopled Countrie:and he cameto cauilla vpon Monday the 18. of si u8 " | - ber next adigyning toUirginia. 73 ber: Hewent before the Camp with rs. borfemen. and3o.footemen. Andfromthetowne camea Chri- ftianywhom he had fentto the principall man, three or foure daies before,becaufe he fhould notabfent him- {elfeand alfo tolearne in what fore the Indians were: who toldhim that hee thought they were in an euill purpofe: for while hee was there, there came ma- nie people into the towne, and many weapons, and that they made great hafte to fortifiethe wall. Luys Manilla de -AMofcofe told the Gonernour, that it would bee good to lodge in the field, feeing the Indians were of fuch difpofition: and hee anfwered, thathe would lodge in the towne, for hee was wearie of lodging in the field. When hee came neere vnto the towne, the Cacique came foorth to receiue him with many Indians playing vpon flutes and finging: And after hice had offered himfelfe, hee prefented him with three mantles of marterns. The Gouernour, with poth the Caciques, and feuen or eight men of his guard, and three or foure horfemen,which alighted to accompanie him, entred into the towne, and fat him downe vnder a cloth of eftate. The Cacique of Ta/caluca requefted him, thathee would let him re- maine in thattowne, and trouble. him no more with trauelling: And {éeing he would not give him leaue, inhis talke he changed his purpofe, and diflemblinglie fained that he would fpeake with fome principal In- dians,and rofe vp from the place where hee fate with the Gouernour, and entred intoa houfe, where many Indians were with their bowes and arrowes. The Go- uernour when he faw hereturned not,called him, and he anfwered,thathe would not come out from thence, : yeild neither walled. 3. Mantles of Marterns. neither would he goe any farther then that towrié,and _ that if he would goe his ‘way impeace, hee fhouldpre- {ently depart, and fhould not feeke to carrie him per- force out of his Countrieand territorie. How the Indians rofe acainit the Gouernour, andwhat en{ued thereupon. en te tiee< om tie Gouernour feeing the determi- Ze uel nation, and furious anfwere of the si Cacique, went about to pacifie 22 him with faire words : to whichhe == 254) gaue no an{were, but rather with | much pride and difdaine, with- : drew himfelfe where the Gouernor might not fee him, nor {peake with him. As a princi- pail Indian paffed that way, the Gouernotr called him; tofend him word, that hee mightremaine at his plea- fure in his Countrie, and that it would pleafe him to. giue hima guide, and men for carriages, to fee ifhee could pacifie him with mild words. TheIndiansan- {wered with great pride, that hee would’ nothearken: vnto him. Baltafar de Gallegos, which {tood by, tooke Agowneof hold ofa gowne of marterns which hee had on; and marten’. —_ hee caftit ouer his head, and left itinhis hands; and: becaufe all of them immediatly began to ftirre, Bal. tafar de Gallegos gaue him {uch awound with his cou- tilas, that hee opened him downe the backe, and’ prefently all the Indians with a great crie came out- of the houfes fhooting rheir arrowes. The Gouer- nour confideing, that if hee tarried there, hee could notefcape, and if hee commanded his mento come | | In, next steel toUirginia. 75 in, which were: without thetowne} the Indians with- inthe houfes might kill their horfes, and :doemuch hurt, ranne out of the towne, and beforehee came out, “hee fell twice or thrice, and. thofe that were. with him did helpehim vp againe; and heand thofe: that were with him were fore wounded : andina mo- ment there were fiue Chriftians flaine inthe towne. The Gouernour camerunning outof the towne,cry- ing out, thateuery man fhould:ftand farther off, be- canfe from thie wall they did them much hurt. The In- dians feeing that the Chriftians retired, and fome of them,or the moft part,more then an ordinary pafe,{hor with great boldneffe at them,and {trooke downe fuch: - asthey could ouertake. Thefndians which the Chri. ftians did: lead with them in chaines, hadlaiddowne their burthens neere vnto the wall: and aflooneas the Gouernourandhis men were retired,the men of Ma-. uilla laid them:on theIndians backs againe, and tooke them into the towne,and looféd them prefently from their chaines, and gaue them bowes.and arrowes.to fight withall. “Thusthey poffeffed themfelues of al the Althe clothes and perles of clothes andrperles,:.and: all:that the:Chriftians had, the Chritians which their flaues carried. And*becaufe the Indians were lo®. had been alwaies peaceable vntill wee came to this place,fome of our men had their weapons in their far- dels and remained vnarmed.. And from others that had entredthe towne with the:Gouernour they had taken {words and halebards, and fought with them. When theGouernour was ‘gotten into the field, hee called for an horfe,and with fome that accompanied /himyheereturned and flew tw or three Indians: All the reft retired themfelues to the towne, and fhot with | their. bowes from the wall. And thofe which prefir- La eet _med si diel 76 Thedifcouerieof Florida, med of their nimblenes, allied ‘foorth tofighta ftones caft. from the wall: And when the Chriftians char- ged them, they: retired themfelues at their leafure. into-the:towne. Ati the time that. the broile began, there were in the: towne ‘a’ Frier; and a Prieft, and aferuantofthe Gouernour,witha woman flaue: and they had no time to.come out ofthe towne::and they: rooke an houfe, and fo remained inthe towne. The Indians being become Mafters of the place, they fhut thedoore with a fieldgate: andamong them was one ford which the Gouernours feruant had, and with it he fer himfelfe behind the doore, thrufting at the Indi- ans which fought to: come into them ::andthe Frier and the Prieft ftood on the other:fide, each of them: with a barre intheir hands tobeate him downe that firlt camein. The Indians feeing they could not get in by the doore, began to vncouer the houfetop. By. this time, all the horfemen and footemen which were: behind,were cometo (Manilla, Here there were fun- dric opinions,whether they fhould charge the Indians: zo-enter the towne, or whether they fhould leaue it, becaufe it was hard toenter : and:in the endat was.re- foluedtofervponthems. 0 3 Crap. XIXe POLS How the Gonernour {et his. menin order, andentred the: towne of Mauilla..: rwor adi bsvas oni Sens S fooneas the battell and the rereward were mea) come to cMaxilla, the Gouernourcom-. sa \ee, manded all thofe thar were beftarmed to. y ise.) alight,and made foure {quadrons of foot-. men.. The Indians, feeing how he'was fetting his men; Sag) iy i " ree. te ® —— next adtoyning toUirginia. 77 in order,concluded'with the Cacique, that hee fhould Acon‘leari- goc his way, faying vnto him,as after it was knowne by Er certaine women that were taken there,that he was but away their ene man, andcould fight but forone man, and that £344 they had there among them many principall Indians | verie valiantand expert in feates ofarmes,thatany one of them was able to order the people there; and foraf- much as matters of warre were fubiect to cafualtie, and it was vacertaine which part fhould overcome, they wifhed him to faue himfelfe, to the end,that if ittel out: that they fhould end their daies there,as they determi- -nedsrather thentobe overcome, there might remaine one to gouerne the Countrie. For allthis hee would not haue gon-away : butthey vrged him fo much, that: with fifteene or twentie Indians of his owne, hee went. out of the towne,and carried away skarlat cloke, and: _ otherthings ofthe Chriftians goods ; as much ashee- was ableto carrie,and feemed beft vntc him. The Go-. vernour wasiaformed how there wentmen outof the. towne,and hee commanded thehorfemen to beferir, . andfentin euery fquadron of footemen onefouldier with a firebrand to (et fire on the houfes, that the Indi- ans might/haue-no defenfe: allhis-rnen being fetin: order, hee commanded an harcubuz' to bee fhot off. Thefigne being giuen,the foure {quadrons, euery one by itfelfe with great furie, gaue the onfet, and with: greathurtonboth fides they entred the towne. The Frierand the Prieft, and thofe that were with them in- the houfe were faued, which coft the liues oftwo men: of account,and valiant, which came thither to fuccour: them. The Indians:fought with {uch- courage, that: many.times they draue our men out of the towne. The » fightlafted fo long, that for wearinefle and great thirft : | L3. pany, 78 Thedsfcouerte of Florida, many of the Chriftians went toa poole that was neere the wal,to drink, which was all ftained with the blood of the dead,and then came againe to fight. The Go- uernour feeing this, entred among the footemeninto the towne on horfeback,with certaine that accompa: nied him,and was a meane that the Chriftians came to fet fre on the houfes, and brake and ouercamethe In- dians,who running out of the towne fromthe foote- men,the horfemen without draue in at the gates again, where being withoutall hope oflife,they fought vali- antly, & after the Chriftians came among thé to han- dy blowes,feeing themielues in great diftreffe without any fuccour,many of them fled into the burning hou- fes, where one vpon another they were {mothered Thedeathof andburntinthe fire. The whole number ofthe Indi- *soodndians: aos that died in this towne, were two thonfand and ~ fiue hundred, little more or leffe. Of the Chriftians there died eighteene; of which one was Don Carlos, brother in law to the Gouernour,and a nephew ofhis, | and one /obn de Gamez,and cen RodrigueX Portugals, and Iohu Vazquez de Villanoua de Barca Rota, all menof honour,and of much valour: the reft were footemen. Befides thofe that were flaine, there were an hundred and fiftie wounded -with-700. wounds of their ar- rowes: and it pleafed God that of very dangerous wounds they were quickly healed. Moreouer, there were twelue horfesflaine, and feventie' hurt: All the clothes which, the-Chriftians carried, with them to clothe themfelues withall,and:the ornaments to fay Mafle, and the perles, were all burnt there: and the Chriftians did fet them on fire themfelues ; becaufe they held fora greater inconuenience, the hurt which the Indians might doe them from thofe houfes, where - ae “they. next adioyning to Virginia. 7 they’ had gathered all thofé goods together, then the Joffe ofthem. Herethe Gouernour vnderftood, that Francifco (Maldonado waited for him at the Port of The Port of Ochufe,and that it was fixe daies iournie from thence ; ao ae and he dealt with ohn ortiz to keepe it fecret, becaufe from Mauilla, he had notaccomplifhed that which he determined to. doe; andbecaufe the perles were burntthere, which. he meantto hauefent to Cuba for afhew, thatthe peo- ple hearing the newes, might be defirous to come to, that Countrie. He feared alfo, that if they fhould haue newes of him without feeing from Féorida neither gold norfiluer, nor any thing of value, it would get -fuchaname, that no man would feeke to goe thither, when he fhould haue neede of people. And fohede- termined to fendno newes of himfelfe, vntill hee had found fome rich Countrie.. 8 st Oiga vine We VodionGdi oiltor - How the Gonernour departed from Mauilla toward Chi- » caca,and what happened unto him. waz) | om the time that the Gouernour entred' #| into Florida,vntill his departure from Ma- S| vills,there died an hundred and two Chri- Ie ee ftians,fome of fickneffe, and others which. the Indians flew. He ftaied in -Mawillabecaufe of the wounded men, eight'and twentie daiess.all which time he lay in the field. It wasawellinhabitedanda fat Countrie, there were fome great & walled townets: Sead tall : and many houfes fcattcred all about the fields, to wit, eth a.croffebow fhotortwo, theone from the other. Vp- on Sonday, the cighteenth of Nouember, when the hurt men were knowne to bee healed, the Gouernour: BD | . 6. departed: eat 18, Of Nos uembers. 80 = Lhedifconerte of Florida, departed from Manilla. Euery one furnifhed him: felfe with Maiz fortwo daies, and they trauelled fiue _ daies throughadefert ; they cametoa Prouince called Talicpataua, Pyfallaya,vnto atowne, named T alepatana : and from Cabufto. thence they.wentto another,called Cabusfo: neere vn- A great Riuers tg jtranagreat Riuer. The Indians on the other fide cried out,threatning the Chriftians to kill them, if they fought to pafleit. The Gouernour commanded his mento makea barge within the towne,becaufe the In- dians fhould not perceiueit: it was finifhed in foure daies,and being ended,he commanded it to be carried one night vpon fleds halfe a league vp the Riuer. In the morning there entred intoit thirtie men well ar- med. The Indians perceiued what was attempted, and thofe which were neereft, came to defendthe paf- fage. They refifted what they could, till the Chrifti- ans cameneere them ; and feeing that the barge came Canauarales. tothe fhore,they fled away into the groues of canes. ‘The Chriftians mounted on horfebacke,and went. vp the Riuer to make good the paflage,whereby the Go- - -uernour and his companie pafled the Riuer. There Some townes. Were along the Riuer fome townes well ftored with Maizand French Beanes. Fromthenceto Chicacathe Gouernour trauclled fiue daies through a defert. Hee came toa Riuer,where on the otherfide were Indians to defend the paflage. He madeanotherbargeintwo dates ; and. when it was finifhed, the Gouernour fent an Indian to requeft the Cacique to accept ot his friend{hip, and peaceably to expec his comming: whom the Indians that wereonthe other fide the Ri- A River, uer flew before his face, and prefently making a great. Shout went their way. Hauing paffed the Riuer, the December 37-- next day,being the17. of December,the Gouernour came ™ next adtoyning toUirginia. 81 “came to Chicaca,a {mall rowne of twentic houfes. And after they were come to Chicaca,they were much trou- Chicaga. bled with cold,becaufe it was now winter and it (now- snow and ed,while moft of them were lodged in the field, be- much cold, fore they had time to make themfelues houfes. This Countrie was very well peopled, and the houfes {cat- tered likethofe of Mavilla, fat and plentifull of Maiz, and the moft part of it was fielding. they gathered — as much as fufficed to pafle the winter. Some Indians ~ weretaken, among which was one whom the Caci- queefteemed greatly. The Gouernour fent an Indi- ~ anto fignifie to the Cacique,that he defired to fee him andtohaue his friendfhip. The Cacique came vnto him, to offer him his perfon, Countrie and fubiects, and told him,that he would caufe two other Caciques tocometo him in peace; who within few daies after came with him,and with their Indians: The one was called 4imamu,the other Nicalafa. They gaueapre- fent vnto the Gouernour ofan hundred and fiftie co- Conies, Nies,and ofthe Countrie garments, to wit,of mantles and skinnes. The Cacique of Chicaca came to vifit him many times; and fometimes the Gouernour fent - tocall him,and fenthim an horfe to goe and come. He complained vnto him,thata fubieét of his was rifena- gainft him and depriued him of his tribute, requefting his aide againft him, for hee meantto feeke him in his ‘Countrie,and to punifh him according to his defert. Which was nothing els but a fained plot. For they de- termined, affoone as the Gouernour was gone with him, and the Campe was divided into two parts, the one part of them to fet vpon the Gouernour, and the -othervponthem thatremained in Chicaca. Heewent — to the towne where he viedto keepe his refidence,and | | M brought Anladian ftratageme. 8x Thedifcouerieof Florida, brought with him two hundred Indians with their bowes and arrowes. The Gouernour tooke thirtie horfemen,and eightie footemen, and they went to Sa- Saquechuma, quechuma (for fo was the Prouince called of that chiefe Awalleg '™an,which hefaidhadrebelled.) They foundawal- rowne. Jed towne,withoutany men: and thofe which went with the Cacique fet fire onthe houfes, to diffemble _- their treafon.But by reafon ofthe great care and heed- fulneffe, that was as well in the Gouernours people avhich hee catried with him,as of thofe which remai- ned in Chicaca,they durft not aflault chem at that time. The Gouernour inuited the Cacique, and certaine principall Indians,and gaue them hogges fle(h to cate. Andthough they did notcommonly vieit, yetthey were fo greedie of it,that euery night there came Indi- ans to certaine houfes a croflebow fhot from the Camp, where the hogges lay, andkilled, andcarried away as many asthey could. Andthree Indianswere takén inthe manner. Two of them the Gouernorcom- manded to be fhotto death with arrowes ; & to cut off the hands of the other; & he fent him fo handled to the Cacique. Who madeasthough it grieued him y they had offended the Gouernor, and thathe was glad that he had executed that punifhmenton them. He lay ina plaine Countrie halfe a league from the place, where the Chriftians lodged. Foure horfemen wenta ftrag- ling thither, to wit, Franci{‘o Oforio, and aferuant of the Marques of -4ftorga, called Reynofo, and two feruants of the Gouernour, the one his page called Ribera,and the other Fxentes his Chamberlaine : and thefe had. taken from the Indians fomeskinnes, and fome man- tles, wherewith they were offended,and forfooke their: —houfes. The Gouernourknewof it,and commanded rus : them. - next adioyning to Virginia. —83 themtobee apprehended; and condemnedto death ” Fran{cifco Oforio, and the Chamberlaine as principals, and alofthem toloffe of goods. The Friers and Priefts and other principall perfons were earneft with him to pardon Franci(co Oforto his life, & to moderate his fen- tence, which hee would not grant for any of them, While he was readie tocommand them to be drawne tothe market place to cut off their heads, there came certaine Indians from the Cacique to complaine of them. John Ortiz, atthe requett of Baltafar de Gallegos and other perfons, changed their words, and told the Gouernour,thar the Cacique faid,he had notice how his Lordfhip held thofe Chriftians in prifon for his fake, and that they were in no fault, neither had they done him any wrong,and that ifhe would do him any -fauour,he fhouldferthem free. And he told the Indi- ans; That the Gouernour faid, he had them in prifon, -and that he would punifh them in fuch fort,that. they fhould beean exampleto others. Hereupon the Go- ulernour commanded the prifoners to be loofed. Af- ) fooneas March was come, hee determined to depart — es from Chicaca,and demanded ofthe Cacique two hun- Ne _ dred men for cariages. He fenthim anfwere, that hee would {peake with hisprincipall men. Vpon Twel- day the eight of March, the Gouernour went tothe March,t541. towne where he was, to.aske him for themen: Hee told him, he would fend them thenext day. Affoone asthe Gouernour wascome toChicaca,he tole Luys de - eMofeofothe Camp-matter, thathee mifliked the Indi- -_ ans,and thathe fhould keepea ftrong watchthatnight, _ which hee remembred butalitile. The Indians came | atthe fecond watchin foure fquadrons, euery oneby - “itfelfeand affoone as they were deferied, they foun- fr EVE os de Chicaga fer on fire by the Indians. 84. T he difcouerie of Florida, deda drum,and gaue the affault witha greatcry, and with fo great celeritie, that prefently they entred with the fcoutes, that were fomewhat diftant from the Campe. And when they were perceiued of them which were in the towne, halfe the houfes were on fire,which they had kindled. That night three horfe- menchanced to bee skouts, two of them were of bafe- calling,and the worft men in all the Camp, and the o- ther,which wasa nephew of the Gouernour, which vntillthen was held fora tall man, fhewed himfelfe there as greata coward,as any of them : forallof them ran away. And the Indians without any refiftance came and fet the towne on fire; and taried without behind the doores for the Chriftians, which ran out of the houfes,not hauing any leafure to arme themfelues; and-as they ran hither and thither amazed with the noife,and blinded withthefmoke & flame of the fire, they knew not which way they went, neither could they light vpon their weapons, nor faddle their hor- {es neither {aw they the Indians that fhot at them.Ma- nie of the horfes were burned in the ftables, and thofe which could breake their halters gat loofe.. Thedifor- der and flight was fuch,that euery man fled which way he could,without leaving any to refift the Indians.But God, (which chaftifeth his according to hispleafure, andin the greateft neceffities and dangers fuftaineth them with hishand,)fo blinded the Indians, that they {aw not what they had done,and thought that the hor- fes which ranloofe,were men on horfebacke, that ga- thered themfelues together to fet vpon them. The Go- uernour only rod on hortebacke,and with him a foul- dier called Tapza,and fet vpon the Indians,and ftriking the firft he met with his lance,the faddle fell with him, | “gas which , next actoyning to ‘Usrginia. 85 _~ which with hafte was cuill girded,and fohee fell from hishorfe. Andall the people that were on foote were fied toa wood out ofthe towne, and there aflembled themfelues together. And becaufe it was night, and that the Indians thought the horfes were men on horfebacke which came to fet vpon them, asI faid be- fore,they fled; andoneonely remained dead,and that » was he whom the Gouernour flew with his lance. The towne lay all burnt toafhes. There was a woman bur- ned, who, after fhee and her husband were both gone out of their houfe, went in againe for certaine perles, which they had forgotten, and when fhe would haue come out, the fire was fo greatat the doore that {hee could not,neither could her husband firccour her. O- ther three Chriftians came out of their lodgings fo cruelly burned, that one of them died within three _ daies, and the other two were carried many daies each of them vpon a couch betweene ftaues, which the In- dians carried on their fhoulders, for otherwife they could not trauell. There died in this hurliburlie eleuen Chriftians, and fiftie horfes ; and there remained an 3 - hundred hogges,and foure hundred were butned.. If The increafe any perchance had faued any clothes fromthe fire of of hogges. cMauilla,herethey were burned,and many were clad inskinnes,for they had no leafureto take their coates. ‘They endured much cold in this place, andthe chie- feftremedie were great fires. They {pentall night in turnings withoutfleepe : for ifthey warmedonefide, they freefed on the other. Some inuented the wea- uing of certaine mats of drieiuie, & did weare one be- neath, and another aboue: many laughed at this de- wice,;whom afterward neceffitie inforced to doe the like. The Chriftians were fo {poiled,and in fuch want M 3 of "The towne ciqus lay. Athtrees. where the Ca- 86 Thedsconerieof Florida, — of faddles & weapons which were burned, that if the’ Indians had come the fecond night, they had ouer- come them with little labour. They remooued.thence to the towne where the Cacique was wonttolie, be- . caufe it was in a champion countrie. Within eight: daies after, there were many lancesand{addles made. There were afhtrees in thofe pacts, wherofthey made as good lances asin Bifcay. as Cap. XXII. NE How the Indians fet againe upon the Chriftians, and how the Gouernoar went to Alimamu, beyond which towne in warlike fort they tarried for him in the way. | eres aiPon Wednefday the 15. of March 1541. Ey 4d after the Gouernour had lodged 8. daies fF 2 ina plaine, halfea league from the place Age) which hehad wintered in, after he had fet sand tempered the {words which in Chicaca were burned,and made many targets, faddles, and lan- ceson Tuelday night,atthe morning watch,many In- dians came to aflault the Campe in three {quadrons, euery one by themfelues : Thofe which watched gaue | thealarme. The Gouernour with ‘great {peed fet his men in order in other. three {quadrons, and leauing fome to defend the Campe, went out to incounter therm. The Indians were ouercome and putto flight. ‘The ground was champion and fit for ¥ Chriftians to take the aduantage of them’; and itwas now breake of. day. But there happened a’ diforder, whereby there were not palt thirtie or fortie Indians flaine sand this itwas: thata Frier cried outin the Campe without | Mere | any next adioyningto Virginia. 87 any iuft occafion, To the Campe, To the Campe: Whereuponthe Gouernour and all the reft repaired thither, and the Indians had time to faue themielues. Therewere fome taken, by whom the Gouernourin- formed himfelfe of the Countrie,through which hee ‘was to'pafle. The 25. of Aprill,he departed from CAs *5.0f April caga, and lodged ata {mall towne called —4¢4mamn, Alimamo, They had very little Maiz,and they were to pafle a de- fertoffeuen daies iournie.. The next day, the Gouer- nour fent three Captaines euerie one his way with horfemen and footemen to feeke prouifion to pafle the defert.. And John Dannufcothe Auditor went with. fifteene horfemen,and 40. footemen that way that the Gouernour was to goe, and founda {trong fortmade, where the Indians ftaied for him, and many of them walked on the top of it with their weapons, hauing their bodies,thighes and armes okered and died with blacke, white, yellow and red; ftriped like vnto panes, Blacke, whites. -fothat they (hewed as though they went inhofe and yellow and doublets: and fome of them had plumes, and others Shae ate: had hornes on their heads,and their faces blacke, and their eies done round about with ftrakes of red, to -— feeme more fierce: Aflooneas they faw that the Chri- ftians approched, with a great crie founding two. drummes with great furie they fallied foorth to re- ‘ceiuethem. Joba Dannufco and thofe that were with. him,thought good toauoidthem, and to acquaint the. Gouernourtherewith. They retired toa plaine place, a croffebowfhot from the fort in fight of it, the foote- men,the croflebowmen, and targetters placed them- felues before the horfemen, that they might nothurt: thehorfes. The Indians {allied out by feuenand{euen,, _and eight and eightto fhoote their arrowes, and ie 4 is vedi 88 TLhedsconerie of Florida, . redagaine: andin fight of the Chriftians theymadea fire,and tooke an Indian, fome by the feete, and fome by the head,and made as though they wenttocafthim into the fire, and gaue him firft many knocks onthe head: fignifying, that they meant fo to handle the Chriftians.Jobs Danu{co fent three horfemen toaduer- tife the Gouernour hereof. He came prefently:for his intent was to driue them from thence, faying,thatif he did it not,they would be emboldned to charge him a- nothertime, when they might doe him more harme. He made the horfemen toalight, and fet his menin foure {quadrons: The fignebeing giuen, they fet vp- the Indians,which made refiftance tillthe Chriftians came neere the fort, and affoone as they faw they could not defend thé{elues,by a place where a brooke pafied neere the fort, theyran away, and from the o- therfide they fhot fomearrowes: and becanfeat that inftant we knew no ford forthe horfes to paffe, they had time enoughto get outof our danger. ThreeIn- dians were {laine there, and many Chriftians were hurt,whereof within few daies, there died fifteene by the way. All men thought the Gouernour to beein faule,becaufehe fent not tofee the difpofition of the place on the otherfide ofthe Riuer, andtoknowthe — paflage before heefetvponthem. Forwiththehope — they hadtofaue themfelucs by flight that way; when they faw none other meanes,they fought til they were ~ ‘broken,and it wasan incouragementto defend them- _ felues vntill then,and to offend the Chriftians without — -any dangertothemfelues, >it | Car. _ omext adioyning toUirginia. 89 | How the Gouernour went from Alimamu to Quizquiz, and from thence to Rio Grande,or the great Riwer. Ny Hree daies after they had fought fome | Cigale ¥,| Maiz,whereofthey found bur little ftore, . J T se inregard of that which was needful, and eee: thar for this caufe, as well for their fakes ah that were wounded, it was needfull for them to reft, as for the great tournie they were to march tocome where ftore of Maiz was: yet the Go- uernour was inforced to depart prefentlie toward Quizqui. He trauelled feuen daies through adefert A defertof of many marifhesand thicke woods: but it might all “***"7'* be trauelledon horfebacke, except fome lakes which they {wammeouer. Hee cameto atowneof the Pro- uince of QuizgquiX without being defcried, and tooke a towne of allthe people init before they came out of their hou- Quizquiz. fes: The mother of the Cacique was taken there: and he fent vntohim by an Indian,that he thould come to fee him,and that he would giue bim his mother,and al the people which he had taken there. The Cacique fent him anfivere againe, thar his Lordfhip fhould loofe and fend them to him,and that he would come tovifitand ferue him. The Gouernour, becaufe his people for want of Majz were fomewhat weake and wearie,and the horfes alfo were leane, determined to accomplith his requeft, to fee if hee could have peace with him, and{fo commanded to fet free his mother andall the reft,and withlouing words difmifled them and fent them tohim. The nextday, when the Go- uernour expected the Cacique, there came many In- / N _ dians Anold pro- phecic.. 90 ©—- The difcouerieof Florida, dians with their bowes and arrowes witha purpofe to. fet vpon the Chriftians. The Gouernor had comman- ded all the horfemen to be armed, and on horfebacke, and in a readines. When the Indians {aw that they were readie, they f{taied a croflebow thot from the place where the Gouernour was neerea brooke. And after halfe an houre that they had ftood there flil,there cameto the Camp fixe principall Indians, and aid, they came to fee what people they were,and thatlong .agoe, they had been informed by their forefathers, » 5» Phat a white people fhould fubdue them: andthat » therefore they would returne to their Cacique, and >> Did him come prefently to obey and ferue the Gouer- > nour: and after they had prefented him with fixe or Another towne, Rio Grande, or Riode Elpi- . ricu. Santo, Aquizo,a / feuen skinnesand mantles which they brought, they tooke their leaue of nim,and returned with the other, which waited for them by the brookes fide. The Cae. cique neuer came againe nor fentother meflage. And becaufe inthe towne where the Gouernour lodged, there was {mall ftore of Maiz, he remoouedto another halfe aleague from Ria Grande,where they found plen- tieof Maiz: And he went to feethe Riuer, and found, that neere vnto it was great {tore of timber to make — barges, and good fituation of ground to incampe in. Prefently he remooued himfelfe thither. They made houfes, and pitched their Campe in:a plaine fielda croffebow fhot from theRiuer. And thither was ga- thered all the Matz of the townes,which they had Jate- lie pafled. They began prefently to cnt and:hew down timber, and to faw: plankes for barges, The Indians came prefently down the R iner:they leaped on fhore, and declared toy Gouernor, That they were fubie@s great Lord on. of a great Lord, whofe name was w4qgsixo, who was | Lord: 4 next adsoyning to‘Uirginia. gt _ Lord of many townes,and gouerned many people on the Wefttfide the other fide of the River, and came to tell himon oe his behalfe,that the next day he with al hismen would cometo fee, what it would pleafe him tocommand him. The next day with fpeed, the Cacique came with two hundred canoes full of Indians with their... bowes and arrowes, painted, and with great plumes of cae : »P 5 Ss p S OF canoes, white feathers,and many other colours, with fhields in their hands,wherewith they defended the rowers on both fides, and the men of warre ftood from the head tothe fterne, with their bowes and arrowes in their hands. The canoe wherein the Cacique was, hada tiltouerthe fterne, andhec fate vnder the tilt; and fo were other canoesof the principall Indians. And from vnder the tilt where the chiefe man fat, hee gouerned and commanded the other people. Allioyned toge- ther,and came within a ftones caft of the fhore. From thence the Cacique faid to the Gouernour, which walked along the Riuers-fide with others that waited on him, that he was come thither to vifit, to honour, _ andto obey him ; becaufe he knew he was the gercateft _ and migbtieft Lord-on the earth : therefore he would fee what he would command him to doe. The Gouer- nour yeelded him thankes,and requefted him to come on fhore,that they might the better communicate to- gether. And without any anfwere to that point, hee ' fenthim three canoes, wherein was great {tore of ith » and loaues, made of the fubftance of prunes like vnto roues made brickes. After he had received al,he thanked him, and of prunes, prayed him againe to come on fhore. And becaufe _ the Caciques purpofe was, to fee if with diffimulation — he might doe fome hurt, when they faw that the Go- uernour and his men were in readinefle, they beganto ROLE uN 2 seo Goodly great canocs. Foure barges made. ‘They paffe euer Rio Grande. The River here almoft roa 92 The difecherie of Florida, poe from the fhore: and with a great crie, the croffe- bowmen which wereready, thot at them,and flue fiue or fixeofthem. They retired with great order: none did leaue his oare,though the next to him were flaine; and fhielding themfelues,they went farther off, After- ward they came many times. and landed: and when any of vs came toward them, they fled vnto their ca- noes, which were verie pleafant to behold: for they were very great and well made, and had their tilts, plumes, pauefes,and flagges,and withthe multitude of people that were inthem,they feemed to bea faire ar- mic of gallies. In thirtie dates {pace, while the Go- uernour remained there, they made foure barges: In: three of which hee commanded twelue horfemen to enter,in each of them foure;in a moraing,three houres. before day, men which hee trufted would land in de- {pight of the Indians,and make fure the paffage,or die, and fome footemen being croflebowmen went with them,and rowers to fet them onthe other fide. And inthe other barge he commanded John de Guzman to. -paffe with the footemen, which was made Captaine in ftead of Franci[co Maldonado. And becaufe the ftreame wasfwift, they went a quarter ofaleague vp the Riuer along the bancke, and croffing ouer, fell downe with the ftreame,and landed right ouer againft the Camp. Twoftones caft before they came to land, the horfemen went out of the barges on horfebacke to a fandie plot very hard and cleere ground,where all of them landed withoutany refiftance. Affooneasthofe that paffed firft, were on land on the other fide,the bars ges returned tothe place where the Gouernour was : and within two houres after Sunne-rifing,all the peo- eae kague ple were ouer. The Riuer was almoft halfe a league broad. next adioyning toUirginia. 93 broad. Ifaman ftood ftillon the other fide, it could notbe difcerned, whether he were amanorno. The River was of great depth, and of aftrong curtent; the water was alwaies muddie : there came downe the River continually many treesand timber, which the force of the water and {treame brought downe. There was great ftore of fifh in it of fundrie forts, and the moft of it differing from the frefhwater fifh of Spaine, as hereafter fhall be fhewed. Sadat Cuap. XXITI.. How the Gouernour departed from Aquixo to Calqui, and from thenceto Pacaha: and how this Countrie differeth from that which we had paffed. BRS a Auing pafled Rio grande, the Gouernour eo pean 24 | trauclled a league andan halfe, and came | WA B toagreat towne of Aquixe,which was dif- 2.8 peopled before hee came thither. They {pied thirtie Indians comming ouer aplaine, which the Cacique fent,to difcouer the Chriftians determi- nation: andaffoone as they had fight of them, they tooke themfelues to flight. ‘The horfemen purfued them,and flue tenne,and tooke fifteene. And becaufe the rowne, whither the Gouernonr went, was neere vnto the Riuer, he fenta Captaine,with as many men ‘as hethoughtfufficient to carrie the barges vp the Ri- uer. And becaufe in his trauelling by land many times. he went farre fromthe Riuerto compaffe the creekes. _thatcame fromit,the Indians tooke occafion to fet vp- onthem ofthe barges, and put them in great danger, becaufe that by reafon of the great current, they durft notleaue the fhore, and. from the bancke they fhot ae: N 3 them. qui. = fhels, A towne. Pacaha neere ynto Chifca. Greattownes. Was gold. He paffed throngh great townes of Zquixo, The firk Another towne. Walnut trees with foft 94. ah. The difcouerie of Flivida, _ them. Affoone as the Gouernour was come ‘to the. towne, hee prefently fent croflebow men downe the ‘River, which cametorefcue them: and vpon the com- ming of the barges to the towne, hee commanded them to bee broken, and tofaue theron for others, when itfhould beeneedfall. Hee lay there one night, and the day following, hee fetforward tofeekea Pro- uince,called Pacaha: which hee was informed to bee neere vito Chijea, where the Indians told him there which were all abandoned for feare of the Chriftians. Hee vnderftood by certaine Indians that were ta- ken,that three daies iournie from thence dwelra great Cacique, whofe name was Cafqui. Hee came to a {mall River, where a bridge was made, by which. they paffed: that day till Sunfet, they went all in wa- ter, which in fome places came to the wafte, andin fome to the knees, When they faw themfelues on dry land, they were very glad, becaufe they feared they fhould wander vp and downeas forlorne men al night inthe water. Atnoone they came to the firlt towne of _ towne of Cal Ca/ayi s they found the Indians carelefle,becaufe they hadno knowledge of them. There were many men and women taken, and ftore of goods,as mantles and skinnes,as well in the firft towne, as in another, which ftood ina field halfea league from thence in fight of it; whither the horfemen ran. This Countrieis higher, drier, and-more champion, then any part bordering neere the Riuer,that vntill then they had feene. There were in the fields many Walnut trees, bearing foft fhelled Walnuts in fafhion like bullets,and in the hou- {es they found many of them, which the Indians had - laid vp in ftore. The trees differed in nothing elfe ae : | e | thofe | ~ next adieyning to Virginia. 95 thofe of Spasne, nor from thofe which we had feene be- fore, but onely that they havea {mallerleafe. There were many Mulberrie trees and Plum trees, which Many Mul- barered plums like thofe of Spasve, and other gray, ice" fomewhat differing,but farre better. Andali the trees trees. areall the yecre fofruitfull, asif they were plantedin orchards : and the woods were verie thinne. The Go- uernour trauelled two daies through the Countrie of Cafgui, before hee came to the towne where the Caci- que was : and the moftofthe way wasalway by cham- pion ground,which was full of great townes, fo that Many great. from. one towne,you might fee two orthree. He fent townes.. an Indian to certifie the Cacique, thathee was com. ming to the place where hee was, with intentto pro- curchisfriendfhip, and to hold him as his brother. Whereunto hean{wered, That he fhould be welcome, and that he would receiue him with {peciall good wil, and accomplifh all thar his Lordfhip would command him. Hee fenthim aprefent vpon the way 3 to wit, skinnes, mantles, and fifh: And after thefe comple- ments,the Gouernour foundall the townes, ashe paf- fed, inhabited with people, which peaceablie attens. ded. hiscomming, and offered him skinnes, mantles). and fith. The Cacique accompanied with many Indi- ans came outof the towne, and ftaied halfe aleague _ on the way toreceiue the Gouernour, and when hee: came to him,he {pake thefe words following: Right high right mighty ,and renowned Lord,your Lords hip is moff hartiliewelcome, A [[oone as 1 had notice of your: Lerafhip, of your power,and your perfections, although you came into my Countrie, killing and taking captines the inhas bitants thereof and my fubiects: yet I determined to conforme my willunto yours and.as your owne todnterpret ingood ae = | alti The chiefe rowne of the Cacique of Cafqui. 96 6©=«-:‘ The Ue ianael Rionde, all that your Lordfhip did : beleeuing, thatit was conuenient it hould be fo for forse iuft re/pect,to prenent fome future mat- ter renealed unto your Lorafhip,and concealed from me. For» well may a mifchiefe be permitted toauoid a greater,and that good may comethercof: which I beleene will fa fall out. For at is no reafon to prefume of fo excelleni a Prince, that theno- bieneffe of bisheart, and the effect ofbis will would permit bimtofuffer any uniuft thing. My abtlitie ws fo {mall to ferueyouasyour Lorafhip deferueth, that sf you refpect not mine abundant good will, which humble offereth all kindof feruice, Ldeferue but little inyour prefence. But if tt beerea- ‘fon that this be efteemed,receiue the [ame,my [elfe, my Coun- srie,and fubiects for yours,and difpofe of meand them at your pleafure. Foriflwere Lord of all the world, with the fame good on |houldyour Lordfhip by me be receined,ferusd and obeyed. The Gouernour an{wered him to the purpofe, and fatiffied him in few words. Within a while after both of them vied words of great offers & courtefie theone to the other, and the Cacique requefted him to lodge inhishoufes. The Gouernour, to preferue the peace the better, excufed himfelfe, faying, that hee would lodge in the fields. And becaufe it was very hot, they camped necre certaine trees a quarter of aleague from the towne. The Cacique wentto his towne,and came againe with many Indians finging. Affoone as they came tothe Gouernour, allof them proftrated them- felues vpon the ground. Among thefe came two In- dians that wereblind. The Cacique madea fpecch: to auoid tediou{nefl2,I will oncly tell in few wordsthe {fubftance of the matter. Hee faid, that{eeing the Go- uernour was the fonne of the Sunne,and a great Lord, he befoughthim to doe him the fauourto giue fight tM, TiS ESO next adtoyning toUirginia. -97 tothofetwo blind men. The blind men rofe vp pre- tently, and very earneftly requefted the fame. of the -— Gouernour. He anfwered, That in the high heauens. was he that had power to giue them health, and what- foeuer they could aske of him ; whofe fervanthe was: And that this Lordmade the heauens and the earth, and man after his owne likeneffe, and that he fuffered vponthe crofletofaue mankind, and rofe againe the _ third day, and that he died as he was man,and as tou- ching his divinitic,he was, and is immortall; and that heafcended into heauen, wherehe ftandeth with his armes opentoreceiueall {uch as turnevnto him: and, firaightway he commanded him to make a verie high crofle of wood, which was fet vp inthe higheft place of thetowne; declaring vnto him, that the Chriftians worfhipped the fame in refemblanceand memorie of that whereon Chrift fuffered. The Gouernour and his men kneeled downe before it, and the Indians did the like. The Gouernour willed him,that from thence- - foorth hee fhould worfhip the fame, and fhould aske whatfoeuer they ftood in need of,of that Lord that he toldhim wasimheauen. Then he asked him how far it was from thence to Pacaha: He faidone daies iour- nie,and thatat the end of his Countrie, there wasa Jake like a brooke which falleth into Rio Grande, and that hee would fend men before to make a bridge whereby he might paffe. The fameday thatthe Go- uernour departed thence,he lodged ata towne belon- A townebee ging to Ca/qui: andthe nextday hee pafled in fight of longing to SC _ othertownes,and came to the lake, which washalfe a croffebow fhot ouer, ofa great depth andcurrent. At the time of his comming, the Indians had made an en | peg Noe ©) end Orher towns. 98 Thedifcouerieof Florida, endofthe bridge, which was made of timber, [aid one tree afteranother: and on one fide ithadacourfe of {takes higher then the bridge, for them that paffed to takeholdon. The Cacique of €a/qui came to the Go- uernour,and brought his people with him. TheGo-_ uernour fent word by an Indianto the Cacique of Pa- caha,that though hee were enemieto the Cacique of Cafqui,and though hee were there, yet he. would doe him no difgrace nor hurt,ifhe would attéd- him peace- ablie, and embrace his friendfhip ; butrather would intreate himasabrother. The Indian, which the Go- vernour fent, came againe,and faid, that the Cacique made none account of that which hee told him, but fled with all his men outat the other fide of the towne. Prefentlie the Gouernour entred,and ran before with the horfemen,that way,by which the Indians fled; and Another aranother towne diftant a quarter of a league from rowne, —_ thence,they tooke many Indians : and affooneas the horfemen had taken them, they deliuered them to the Indians of Ca/qni, whom, becaufe they were their ene- mies, with much circum{pedtion and reioycing, they brought to the towne where the Chiiftians were: and the greateft griefe they had,was this, that they could not get leave to kill them. There were found inthe Danuss._, townemany mantles, and Deere skinnes,Lions skins, - Lions skinnes, and Beares skinnes, and many Catsskins. Many came i ar ae {o farre poorely apparrelled, and there they clothed ‘Hana, __themfelues : of the mantles,they made themcotes and caffocks,and fome made gownes, and linedthem with Cats skins ; and likewife their caflocks. Of the Deeres skinnes, fome made them alfo ierkins,fhirts, hofe and fhoces : and of the Beare skinnes, they made them ve. Mantles, next aatoyning toVireinia. 99 ty good clokes:forno water could pierce them.There Were targets of raw oxe hides found there ;-with Targets of which hides they armed their horfes, | sam one nice | Crap. XXIII. How the Cacique of Pacaha came peaceablie to the Go- nernour, andthe Cacique of Calqui abfented hiv. Selfe,and came againe tormake his excufe,andhow the . ~sGouernour made thens both friends. - cies ¢Pon Wednelday, the 19. of Iune, the Go- va Ge/45) uernour entred into Pacaba : He lodged Pacaha,a very A s Wée “| in the towne, where the Cacique vfed to aka aie =etheey! refide, which was very great, walled, and rowers. th towers, and many loopeholes were in the towers and wall. Andin the towne was great {tore of Old Maiz, and great quantitie of new in the fields. Within a league and halfe a league were greattownes all walled. Where the Gouernour was lodged, was Greatwalled a great lake, that camencere ynto the wall: and it en-townes. tred into a ditch that went round about the towne, wanting but a little to environ it round. From the lake to the great Riuer was made a weare by the which the fith came into it; whichthe Caciquekept for his recreation and fport : with nets,that were found in the Nets found. towne,they tookeas much as they would: and tooke they neuer fo much, there was no want pérceiued. There. was alfo great ftore of fifhin many other lakes that were thereabour,but it was foft,and not fo good __ as that which came from the Riuer, and the moft of it was different from the frefhwater fith of Spaine. There ry. diners _ wasa fifh which they called Bagres: the third part of fortsof excel- it was head, and it had on both fides the gilles, and Shohe Rio fe O02 ee MONE cen Five or fixe -thouland In- dians, ‘yoo §=— The difcouerte of Florida, along the fides great pricks like very fharpeaules:thofe of thiskind that were in the lakes were as big as pikes : and in the Riuer, there were fome of an hundred, and ofan hundred and fiftie pounds weight, and many of them were taken with the hooke. There was another fith like barbilles; and another like breames, headed like a delicate fifh, called in Spaine befugo, betweene red and gray. This was thereof moft efteeme. There was another fifh called a pele fifh: ic had afnout of a cubitlong,andatthe end ofthe vpper lip it was made likeapeele. There was another fith like a Wefterne fhad: And allofthemhad fcales, except the bagres, and the pele fifh. There was another fifh,which fome- ~ times the Ind:ans brought vs, of the bignes of an hog, they called itthe Pereo ith: ithad rowes ofteeth be- neath and abone. The Cacique of Ca/qui lent many times great prefents of fifh,mantles, and skinnes. Hee - told che Gouernour, thathe would deliuerthe Cact- que of Pacaha into his hands. He went to Ca/qui, and fent many canoes vp the River, and came himtelfe by land with many of his people. The Gouernour with 4.0.horfemen;and 60. footemen tooke him along with him vp the River. And his Indians which were in the canoes, difcouered where the Cacique of Pacaba was in alittle Ifland, firuated betweene two armes of the River. And fiue Chriftians entred into a canoe,where- in Don _Antenio Oforiowent before, to.fee what peo- ple the Cacique had with him. There were in the Ifle fiue or fixe thoufand foules.. Andaffooneas they faw them, fuppofing that the Indians which were in the other canoes were alfo Chriftians, the Cacique, and certaine which were in three canoes, which they bad there with thé, fled in Spares ch 3 oe . oan Necker vne next adioyningtoUirginia. 101 ofthe Riuer: The'reft with great feare and danger, lept into the Riuer,where much people was drowned, e{pecially women, and little children. Prefently the Gouernor which was on land,not knowing what had happened to Dow Antonio, and thofe that went with him, commanded § Chriftians with all {peed to enter, with the Indians of Cafqus in the canoes, which were quickly with Don datonio in the little Ifland, where they tooke many men and women, and much goods Great {tore of goods, which the Indians had laid vp- on hurdles of canesjand rafts of timber to carrie ouet to the other fide,draue down the riuer, wherewith the Indians of Cz(qui filled their canoes : and for feare left: the Chriftians would take it from them, the Cacique: wenthome with them downe the Riucr, without ta-- king his leaue of the Gouernour: whereupon the, - Gouernour was highly offended with him : and pre- fently returning to Pacaha, he ouerran the Counttie- of Ca/qui the {pace of two leagues, where hee tooke: twenticor thittic of his men. And becaufe his horfes: were wearie, and he wanted time that day to goe any: farther, hee returned to Pacaha, with determination” within three or foure daies after to inuade Ca/qui. And: prefently heletloofe one of the Indias of Pacaba,and: fent word by himto'the Cacique, thatif hee would hau his friendfhip, he fhouldrepaire vnto him, and: that both of them would make warre vpon Ca/qui.And- prefently came many Indians that belonged to Pacaha, and brought an Indian, in ftead of the Cacique, which was difcoucred by the Caciques brother which: was taken prifoner.. The Gouernout wifhed the Indi-. ans that their Mafter himfelfe fhould come: for hee: newvery well char that wasnot hee, and toldthem, Lenin rie O03, that: ' r ? e 102 Lhedscouerie of Florida, that they could doe nothing; which he knew not be- The Cacique fore they thought it. The next day the Cacique came, ofPacaha ~—_ accompanied with many Indians, and with a prefene sommethto of much fifh,skinnesand mantles. He made a {peech nour, that all were glad to heare,and concluded, faying, That though his Lordfhip, without his giuing occafion of offence had done him hurt inhis Countrieand {ub- iects,yet he would not therefore refufe to bee his, and that he would alwaies be at hiscommandement. The Gouernour commanded his brother to be loofed,and other principall Indians thar were taken prifoners. ‘That day came an Indian from the Cacique of Ca/qui, and faid,that his Lord would come the nextday to ex- cufe himfelfe of the error which he had committed, in going away without licence of the Gouernour. The Gouernour willed the meffenger to fignifie vnto him, that if he came not in his owne perfon,he would feeke. him himfelfe,and giue him fuch punithmentas he de- ferued. The next day with all fpeede came the Caci- que of Ca/qui,and broug!:ta prefent to the Gouernour of many maniles, skinnes, and fifh, and gane hima - daughter of his,faying,that he greatly defired to match _ hisblood with the blood of {0 great a Lord as he was, and thereforehe brought him his daughter, and defi- red him totake her to his wife. Hee madealongand difcreet oration, giuing him great commendations, and concluded, faying,that hee fhould pardon his go- ing away without licence, for that Crofles fake,which he had left with him: protefting, that hee went away for fhame of that which his men had done without hisconfent. The Gouernouranfwered him, that hee had chofen a good patrone ; and that if he hadnot come to excufe himfelfe, hee had determined to “(i ee im, ee next adigyningtoUtreinia. 103 _ him, to burne histownes,, to kill him and his people, and to deftroy his Countrie. To whichhe replied, a ing: | » : eney Lord, Land mine are yours, and my Countrie like- wife s yours: therefore if you bad done fo, you fhould bane defireyed your owne Countric, and haue killed your owne peo- ple: what/foener fhall come unto me from your hand, I will re- | ceine as from my Lord,afwell punilhment asreward : Ana know you,that the fanour which you did me in leaning me the Croffe, Ido acknowledge the fame to be avery great one,and greater then I haue ener deferued. For you {hall underftand, that with great droughts, the fields of Maiz of my Conntrie svere withered , and affoone as 1 and my people kneeled before she Croffe, and prayed for raine, prefently our necefsitie was reliched. art - The Gouernour made him,and the Cacique of Pa- gaha friends; and fet them with him at his table to dine with him: and the Caciques fellat variance a- bout the feates, which of them fhould fiton his right hand. The Gouernour pacified them, tellingthem, that among the Chriftians,all was onc to fiton the one fide,oron the other, willing themfoto behaue them- {elues,feeing they were with him,that no bodie might heare them, and that every one fhould fit in the place that firft hee lighted on. From thence he {ent thirtie horfemen,and fiftie footemen to the Prouince of Calz- ca, tofee iffrom thence hee might trauell to Chifca, Goldand cop- where the Indians faid, there was a worke of gold and P* is Chifca. copper. They trauelled feuendaies iournie through a defert,and returned verie wearie, eating greene plums and ftalkes of Maiz, which they found in a poore towne offixe orfeuenhoufes. From thence forward A poore: toward the North;the Indians faid,Thatthe Country 0" 104. Lhedifcouerieof Florida, = Great fore of as very ill inhabited, becaufe it was very cold: And _ theNorchof that there were fuch {tore of Oxen, that they could” Pacaha. _keepenocorne for them: that the Indians liuedvpon Oaniee their flefh. The Gouernor feeing,that toward that part _ | the Countrie was fo poore of Maiz, that in it they could not bee fuftained, demanded of the Indians, which way it was moft inhabited: and they faid, they had notice ofa great Prouince, and a very plentifull Countrie,which was called Quigaate, and that it was | towardtheSouth. | So ae : Crar XOX Vie ae a How the Gonernour departed from Pacaha to Quigan- _ te,and to Coligoa, and came to Cayas. EG S| He Gouernour refted in Pacaha for- eephe| tiedaies. In all whichtimethetwo Caciques ferued him with great 4e1 {tore of fifh, mantles, and skinnes, e—24| and ftroue who {fhould doe him a4) greateftferuice. At thetime of his departure, the Cacique of Pacaha gaue him two ofhis fifters, faying, that in figneofleue that he might remember him, he fhould take them for his wives; the ones name was (Macanoche, and the o- thers -Mochila : they were well proportioned,tall of bodie, and well flefhed. Atacanoche was of a good countenance, and in her fhape and phyfiognomie looked like a Ladie: the other was ftrongly made.The Cacique of Ca/qui commanded the bridge to be repai- _ red, and the Gouernourreturied through his Coun- The Caciques trey, and lodged in the field neeré histowne, whither russ "hee came with great ftore of fith, and two On | which — “2 next adigyning to Virginia. | 105 which hee exchanged with two Chriftians for two fhirts. He gaue vsa guide and men for cariages. The Gouernour lodged ata towne of his, and the next day be brought for him to paffe ouer,and with his leaue re- turned. The Gouernour tooke his iournie towar -Quigaute. The fourth day of Auguft, hecameto the towne,where the Cacique vied tokcep his refidencie : on the way he fent him a prefent of many mantles and skinnes, and not daring to ftay for him inthe towne, he abfented himfelfe. The towne was the greateft rye orearcht that was feene in Florida. The Gouernour and his towne feencin people lodged inthe one halfe ofit: and within few daies, feeing the Indians became liars, he commanded the other halfe to be burned, becaufe it fhould not bee a fhelter for them, if they came to affaule him by night, nor an hindrance to his horfemen for the refifting of them. There came an Indian very well accompanied with many Indians, faying, that hee was the Cacique. He deliuered him ouer to the men of his guard to look vntohim. There went and came many Indians, and brought mantles and skinnes. The counterfeit Caci- que, fecing fo little opportunitie to execute his euill thought, as hee went one day abroad talking withthe Gouernour,he fhewed him fucha paire of heeles, that there was no Chriftian that could ouertake him, and he leaped into the River, which was a croflebow {hot from the towne: and affoone as hee was on the other fide, many Indians that were thereabout making a ‘great crie began to fhoote. The Gouernour paffed prefently ouer tothem with horfemen and footemen, but they durft not tarrie forhim. Going forward on A towne ef F al atanother neere a River, whither he caufed canoes to ©" Another towne, Quigaute, The fourth of Augutt Florida, ‘His way, hee came toa towne wherethe people were “wns 106 Thedifconerieof Florida, fled,anda little further to a lake,where the horfes could _ not paffe, and on the otherfide were many women. The footemen pafled, and tooke many of them, and much {poile. The Gouernour came to the Camp: And that night was a {pie of the Indians taken by them of thewatch. The Gouernour asked him, whe- ther he would bring him where the Cacique was¢ he faid,he would. And he went prefently,tofeeke him with twentie horfemen, and fiftiefootemen: and af- ter he had fought him aday, andan halfe, hee found him ina ftrong wood: And afouldiour not knowing him,gaue hima wound on the head; and he cried ont, that he fhould not kill him, faying,that he was the Ca- cique : fo he was taken, & an hundred and fortie of his men withhim. The Gouernour came againe to Qui- gaute, and willed him to caufe his men to come to {eruethe Chriftians: and ftaying fome daies for their comming,and {eeing they came not,he fent two Cap- taines, euery one his way on both fides of the Riuer with horfemen and footemen. They tooke many men and women. Now fecing the hurt which they fuftai- ned for their rebellion, they came to fee what the Go- vernour would command them, and paffed toand fro many times, and brought prefents of cloth and fifh. tie The Cacique and his two wiues were in the lodging of the Gouernour loofe, and the halbardiers of his guard did keepe them. The Gouernour asked them which way the Countrie wasmoft inhabited? They faid, that toward the South downe the Riuer, were great townes and Caciques,which commanded great Coligoa neere Countries, and much people: And that towardthe coceraine ~Northwelt, there was a Prouince neere to certaine pour mountaines, that was called Colizoa. The Gouernour : : and o> "Le ~ next adioyningtoUirginia. 107 -andall the reft thought good to goe firft to Coltges : faying,that peraduenture the mountains would make fome difference of foile; and that beyond them there might be fomegoldor filuer: As for Quigante,Caqui, and Pacaha,they were plaine Countries, fat grounds, and fullofgood medowes on the Rivers, where the Indians fowed large fields of Maiz. From Ta{caluca 10 Rio grande,or the great Riuer, is about 300. leagues : itisa very low Countrie, and hath many lakes, From Pacaha to Quigante may bee an hundred leagues. The Gouernour left the Cacique of Quigante in his ownetowne: And an Indian, which was his guide, _ led him through great woods without any way feuen daies iournie through a defert, where, at euery lod- ging, they lodged in lakes and pooles in verie fhold water: there was fuch ftore of fifh, that they killed them with cudgils ; and the Indians which they carri- 4 ne™ way to ed in chaines,with the mud troubled’ the waters, and the fith being sherewith, as it were, aftonied, came to thetop of the water, and they tooke as much as they lifted. The Indians of Cofigoa had no knowledge of Cotigoa, the Chriftians, & when they came fo ncere the towne, that che Indians {aw them,they fledvpa River, which a Riuer, paffed neere the towne, and fome leaped into it; but the Chriftians went on both fides of the Riuer, and tooke them. There were many men and women ta- ken, andthe Cacique with them. And byhis com- mandement within three daies came many Indians witha prefent of mantlesand Deeres skinnes,and two Two oxe oxe hides : And they reported, that 5. or 6. leagues 3. fromthence toward the North, there were many Of store of oxen thefe oxen, and that becaufe the Countrie was cold, it was euillinhabited: That the beft Gountrie cng Ca which 108 = The dsfCouerie of Florida, whichthey knew, the moft plentifull, and moft inha- bited, was a Prouince called Cayas, lying toward the FromQui- fouth. From Quiguate to Coligoa may be 40. leagues. Figoa hoe This towne of Cofgoa {tood at the foote of an hill, on leagues, the bank ofameane Riuer, of the bignefle of Cayas, the River that pafleth by Estremadura. It was a fat foile and fo plentiful of Maiz,that they caft out the old, to brisg in the new. There was alfo great plentie of French beaties and pompions. The French beanes. were greater, and better then thofe of Spaine, and like- wile the pompions,and being rofted,they haue almoft the taite ofcheftnuts. The Cacique of Cohgoa gane a | _ guideto Cayas, and {taied behind in hisowne towne.. wiPalifsen. Wee trauelled fiue daies, and came to the Prouince of Palifema. The houfe ofthe Cacique was found coue- red with Deeres skinnes of divers colours and works. drawnein them, and withthe fame in manner of car- pets was the ground of the houfe couered. The Caci- queleftit fo,that the Gouernour might lodge init, in. token that he fought peace and his friendfhip. But hee durft not tarrie his comming. The Gouernour, feeing he had abfented himfelfe, fenta Captaine with horfe- _ men and footemen to feeke him: Hee found much people, but by reafon of the roughneffe ofthe Coun- trie, hetookenone fauea few women and children.. Thetowne was little and fcattering, and had very lit. tle Maiz. For which caufe the Gouernour {peedilie departed from thence. Hee came to another towne Faraliceya. Called Tatalicoya, hee carried with him the Cacique — thereof,which guided him to Cayas. From Tatalicoya VRKO are foure daies iournie to Cayzs. When hee cameto- Cayas, —— Cayas,and faw the townefcatrered; hee thought they _ hadtold hima lie,and that itwas notthe Prouince of Gaya, 9 ee Poe Vic ga) BeRacpag. Seabees Stik peice iy. pe sae eS next adigyning to Virginia. 109 Cayas;becaufe they had informed him that it was well inhabited: Hethreatned the Cacique, charging him to tellhim where hee was: and he and other Indians. which were taken neere about that place, affirmed _thatthis was the towneof Cayas, and the beft that was in that Countrie,and that though the houfes were di- - ftanttheone from the other, yetthe ground that was inhabited was great, and that there was greatftore of people,and many fields of Maiz. This towne was cal- led Tanico : he pitched his Campe in the beft part of Tanico, itneere vntoa Riuer. The fame day thatthe Gouer- nourcame thither, he wentaleague farther with cer- taine horfemen, and without finding any people, hee found many skinnesin a pathway,which the Cacique had left there, that they might bee found, in token of. peace.. Forfo is the cuftome in that Countrie.. Droit si Bias O6 Walininev on . How the Gouernour. difconered the Prouince.of Tulla,. and what happened vntohim. | | % He Gouernor refted a moneth in the Pro- 3) uince of Cayas. In which timethe horfes. 4 fattened and thriued more, then in other. 2as)| places in a longer time, with the great: SES plentie of Maiz and the leaues thereof, which I thinke was the beft that hath been {eene, and they dranke of a lake of very hot water, and fomewhat , |. on. - brackifh, and they dranke fo much, that it {welled in and fomewhae, _ their bellics when they brought them from the wate- brackith wa- ring. Vntill that time the Chriftians wanted falt, and 3°). o¢ gic there they made good ftore,which they carried along made-at withthem. The Indians doe carric it to other places ©47**. m4 ; R'3 ? to, id “110 T he difcouerie of Florida, 99 to exchange it forskinnesand mantles. They make it along the Riuer, which when it ebbeth, leaueth it vp- ” onthe vpper part of the fand. And becaufe they can-- not make it,without much fand mingled with it, they ” throw it into certaine baskets which they haue for Y that purpofe, broad atthe mouth, andnarrowat the ” bottom, andfet itin theaire vpona barre, and throw ” water into it,and fer afmall veflell vnder it, wherein it i falleth : Being ftrained and fet to boile vpon the fire, 39 when the water is fodden away, the faltremainethin © the bottome of the pan.On both fides of the Riuer the Countrie was full of fowne fields,and there was ftore. of Maiz. The Indians durft not come ouer where wee were : & when fome of them fhewed themfelues ,the fouldiers that faw them called vntothem; then the In- dians paffedthe Riuer,and came with them where the Gouernor was. Heasked thé forthe Cacique. They faid,that he remained quiet,but that he durftnot fhew himfelfe.. The Gouernour prefently fent him word, that he fhould come vnto him, and bring hima guide and an interpretour for his iournie,ifhe made account of his friendfhip: andif he did notfo, he would come himfelfeto feeke him,and thatit would bee the worfe forhim. Hee waited three daies, and fecinghe came -not,he wentto feekehim, and brought him prifoner vith r50.0fhis men. He asked him, whether hee had motice of any great Cacique, & which way the Coun- trie was beft inhabited. Hee an{wered, that the beft Countrie thereabout was a Prouince toward the South,a day and an halfes iournie, which was called . Tula; and that he could give him a guide, but noin- terpretour, becaufe the fpeech of that Countrie was - different from his, and becaufe he and his anceftors — dy ce had next adigyning to Unginia. =m had alwaies warres with the Lords of that Prouince, ~ therefore they had no commerce,nor vnderftood one anothers language. Immediatly the Gouernour with — certaine horfemen, and 50. footemen, departed to- ward Tulla, to fee if the Countrie were fuch, as hee might paffe through it with all his companie: andaf- fooneas he arriuedthere, and was efpied of the Indi- Tulla. ans, the Countrie gathered together, and affoone as 15. and 20. Indians could affemble themfelues, they fet vpon the Chriftians: and {eeing that they did han- die them fhrewdly, and chat the horfemen ouertooke them when they fled,they gat vp into the tops of their houfes, and fought to defend themfelues with their ar- rowes : and being beaten downe from one, they gat | vp vpon another. And while our men purfued{fome, others fet vpon them another way. Thus theskirmifh lafted fo long, that the horfes were tired, and they could notmake themrunne. TheIndians killed there one horfe,and fome were hurt. There were 15. Indi- ans flainethere,and40. womenand boies were taken prifoners. For whatfoeuer Indian did fhoot at them,if they could come by him, they put him tothe f{word. The Gouernour determined to returne toward Cayas, before the Indians had time to gather a head; and. prefently that evening, going part of ¥. night to leaue Tulla,he lodged by the way, and the next day came to ‘Cayas : and within three daies after he departed théce The Gouer- toward Tx/l¢ with all his companie: He carried the So cama Cacique along with him,and among all his men, there la with all his. -wasnotonefound that could vnderftand the {peech.companic.. of Tulla. He ftaied three daies by the way, andthe day that he came thither,he found the towne abando- ned: for the Indians durft not tarrie his comming eh | “Bue Sg chia. ENTREE SE ap ad Mh u2 Thed:fcouerteof Florida, Butaffoone asthey knew that the Gouernour was in Tulla,the firft night about § morning watch,they came in two {quadrons two feuerall waies,with their bowes and arrowes, and long ftaues like pikes. Affooneas they were defcried,both horfe and foot fallied out vp- onthem,where many of the Indians were f{laine: And fome Chriftians and horfes were hurt: Some of the . Indians were taken prifoners,whereof the Gouernour pean ete fent fixe to the Cacique, with their right hands and hands andno- nofes cut off: and fenthim word, thatit hecamenot fescutof, tg himtoexcufeand fubmit himfelfe, that hee would come to feeke him,and that hee would doe thelike to him,and as many of his ashee could find, as hee had done to thofe which hee had fenthim : and gaue him three daies refpit for tocome. And this he gaue them to vnderftand by fignes,as wellashee could, for there was no interpretour. At the three daies end, there came an Indian laden with Oxe hides. He came wee- ping with great fobs, and comming to the Gouernour caft himfelfe downe at his feete: He tooke him vp,and he madeafpeech, but there was none that vnderftood him. The Gouernour by fignes commanded him, to returne to the Cacique, and to will him, tofendhim an interpretor, which could vnderftand the men of Ga- Oxe hides. yas. The next day came three Indians laden with oxe © Oxchides. hides; and within three daies after came 20. Indians, and among them one that vnderftood them of Cayas: Who, after a long oration of excufes ofthe Cacique, and praifeés of the Gouernour, concluded with this, that he andthe other were comethither onthe Caci- ques behalfe, to fee what his Lordfhip would com- mand him to doe,for he was readieat his commande- ment. The Gouernourand all his companie were ve- | ee 2. 7 Sie Stee er ee nt ee next adioyning to Uirginia. 113 rie glad. Forin no wife could they traucil without an interpretour. The Gouernour. commanded him to be kept fafe,and bad himtell the men that came with him,that they fhuld returne to the Cacique,and figni- fie vnto him, that he pardoned him for that which was paft,and thanked him much for his prefents and inter- pretour,which hehad{ent him,and thathe would bee glad to feehim,and that hefhould come the next day to talke with him. After three daies,the Cacique came, The Cacique and 80. Indians with him: and himfelfe and his men ° "* came weeping into the Camp, in token of obedience and repentance forthe errour paffed, after the manner eae of thatCountrie: He broughta prefent of many oxe j.i30) with hides: which, becaufe the Countrie was cold, were wooil on verie profitable,and ferued for couerlets,becaufe they them.asfoft were very foft,and wolled like fheepe. Not farre from wool, Goma: -thence toward the North were many oxen. The raHittor.Ge- Chriftians faw them not, nor came into the Countrie $77.78 25° where they were, becaufe thofe parts were euill inha- amaeele bited, and had {mall ftore of Maiz where they were North. bred. The Cacique of #2 madean oration to the Gouernour,wherein he excufed himfelfe, and offered him his Countrie, fubiects, and perfon. Afwell this 7,. seat elo- Caciqueas the others,and all thofe which came to the quence ot the Gouernour on their behalfe, deliuered their meffage Indians. ot {peech in fo good order, that no oratour could viter the fame more eloquentlie. A winter of wo or three moneths. ry 4. The dhfconerte of Florida, Cc HAP. XX VII. ' How the Gouernour went from Tulla to Autiamque, where be t paffedthe winter, be | eae Ganeced ebfornitel himfelfe. af all =#)"| the Countrie round about, and ynder- 24 ftood, thattoward the Welt wasa {catte- i red dwelling, and that toward the South- : eaft were great townes, efpecially ina Prouiace called 4utiamque,tenne daies 1 iournie from Tulla,; which might be about 80. leagues; and thacit Was a. ‘plentiful! Countrie of Maiz. And becaufe win- tercame on, and that they could not trauell two or three moneths in the yeere for cold, watersjand {fnow: and fearing,thatif they fhould ftay folong inthe {cate tered dwelling,they could notbe fufteined ; and alfo becanfe the Indians faid,that neereto Autiamgue was . a great water,and accordi ing to theirrclation, the Go- uernour thought i it was fome-arme of theSea: And becaufe he now. defired to-fend newes of himfelte to Cuba,that fome fupplic of men & horfles mightbe fent vnto him; (forit was aboue three yeeres, fince Donna Tfabella, which was in Hauana, or any other perfon in Chriftendome had heard of -him,-and by this time he had loft 250. men, and 15¢. horfes). hedetermined — to.winter in Autiamgue, and the next {pring, toigoe to the feacoftand make two brigantines, and fend one ofthem to Cuba,anid the other to Naews-Efpanna, that ~ that which wentin fafetic, might giue newesofhim: eB EL Hoping with the goods which he had in Cuba, to fur- nifh himfelfe againe,and to.attemptthe difcouery and | conqueftioward the Welt: for hehad not yetcome . — where. -- eis ait a ee SiR SL See ee os ") —— a eee av - ‘ ‘ Z Nate ‘ : ail Fee : = ieee Aig TAS ou, HY, ee Ne ee a ae ee ee Ten EPO, A NE Se Pee ee a a Se < re ~ a rs - 3 Mi nena See Re Me STORE ee et ee ee gr gh ae ee ee on Is where Cabeca de Vaca had been. Thus having fenta- way the two Caciques of Cayas and Tula, he tooke his fournie toward Autzamgue: Hee trauclled fiue daies Quipana, aCe: ouer very rough mountaines,and came toatowneécal- trom Tulia, led Qaipana,where no Indians could be taken for the roughnefle of the Countrie ; andthe towne being be- tweene hilles, there was an ambuth laid, wherewith they tooke two Indians; which told them, that Auti- amque Was fixe daies iournie from thence, and that there was another Province toward the Southeiche daies iournie off, plentifull: of Maiz,and very well peo- pled,which was called Gushate. But becaufe CA utianm- Guahae. we Was neerer, and the moft of the Indians agreed of it,the Gouernour made hisiournie that way. In three daies he came to atownecalled Anoixi. He fenta Cap- anoixi, taine before with 30. horfemen, and 50. footemen, and tooke the Indians carelefle, hee tooke many men and women prifoners. Within two daies after the Go- uernour came to another townecalled Catamaya, and C*amaya. lodgedin the ficlds of the towne. Two Indians came with a falfe meflage from the Cacique to know his de- termination, Heebadthem tell their Lord, that hee fhould come and {peake with him. The Indians retus- nedand came no more, nor any other meflage from the Cacique. The next day the Chriftians went to the towne,which was without people: they tooke as much Maiz as they needed. That day they lodged in a wood, and the next day they came to Autiamque. amiamgue They found much Matz laid vpin -ftore, and French fixe daics iour- beanes,and walnuts,and prunes, great ftore ofall forts, Me™ CH pera hess ¥ 16 pana. ‘They tooke fome Indians which were: gathering to- gether the ftuffe which their wiues had hidden. This wasa champion Countric, and well inhabited. The ; O22 Gouer- A River. _ Tietiguaquo. 116 The difecuerie of Florida, % fs Gouernour lodged inthe beft part ofthetowne, and commanded prefently to make a fenfe of timber round about the Campe diftant from the houfes, that the Indians might not hurt them without by fire.And | meafuring the ground by pafes, hee appointed: euery one his part to doeaccording to'the number of Indi- ans which he had : prefently the timber was brought by them; and in three daies there was an inclofure made of very hie and thicke pofts thruft into the ground, and many railegs laid acroffe. Hard by this towne paffed a R iuer,that came out of the Prouince of Cayas ; and aboue and beneath it was very well. peo- pled. Thither came Indianson the Caciques behalfe witha prefent of mantles and skinnes ; and an halting Cacique,fubie&tto the Lord of Autiamqae, Lord ofa towne called Tstiquaquo, came many times to vifitthe Gouernour, and to bring him prefents of fuchas hee had. The Cacique of Aatiamaue fent to know of the Gouernour, how long timehee meantto ftayin-his Countriez And vnderftanding that he meant to ftay a- boue three daies,he neuer fent any more Indians, nor any other meffage, but confpired with the lame Caci- que to rebell. Diuers inrodes were made, wherein there were many men and women taken, and the Jame Cacique among the reft. The Gouernour re- {pecting the feruices which he had receiued of him,re- prehended and admonifhed him, and fethimat liber- tie; and gaue him two Indians tocarrie him inachaire vpon their fhoulders. The Cacique of Autiamque de- firing to thruft the Gouernour out of his Countrie, fet — {pies ouer him. And an Indian comming one night tothe gate of the inclofure, a fouldier that watched ef- pied him,and ftepping behind the gate,ashe came in, he oF - ‘i — " : See o , a i es = a ED TR ee Se eS ee OI nt pS ae ee ena ee OT ee Soe ~ PS Oe, OS ee ee ee ee ee next adioyning to Virginia. 17 hegaue him fuch athruft,that he fell downe; and fo he carried him to the Gouernour: and as hee asked him wherefore he came, not being able to {peake, hee felldowne dead. The night following the Goucrnor commanded ia fouldiour to give the alarme, and to fay Great proui- that he had feene Indians;to fee howready they would “"* be to anfwerethealarme. And hee did fo fometimes | as wéllthere,as in other places, when he thought that. his men were careleffé, & reprehended fuch as were flacke.’ Andas well for this caufe,as inregard of doing | their dutie, when ‘the alarme ‘was giuen, every one foughtto be the firft that fhould anfwere. They ftaied in’ Aatiamque three moneths with great plentie of Three mo- Maiz, French beanes, Walnuts, Prunes, and Conies : in eee which vntill that time they knew’ not:how to catch. And in Autiamgue the Indians taught them how to take them: which was, with great {prindges, which lifted vp their feete from the ground: And thefnare was made with a ftrong ftring, whereunto was fafte- nedaknot ofacane,which ran clofe about the neck of the conic, becaufe they fhould not gnaw the ftring. They tooke many in the fields of Maiz, efpeciallic when it freefed or fhowed. The Chriftians ftaied eee thereone whole moneth foinclofed with fnow, that A moneth of they went notout of the towne: and when they wan- Foie ted firewood,the Gouernour with his horfemen go- ing and comming many times to the wood, which :~ was two croflebow fhot from the towme,madea path- _ . way,whereby the footemen wentfor wood. In this. ~~ meane fpace, fome Indians which went loofe, killed many conies with their giues,and with arrowes. T hefe conies were of two forts, fome were like thofe of Conies of two Spaine, andthe other of the fame colourand fathion, ; Q_3 : and. “nS Thedifeouerie of Florids, / Cie XX VIIL aA, and from thencete Guacoya. . thew} BF ore, ry Ss = 60 OOD es st é Pon Monday the fixt of: March 15425 wi f4, the Gouernour departed from Aa- iy igi]. Haman to feeke Neleo,which the In« 9 fea dians laid was. neere the Great riner, Sai Jy, With determination to come tothe ‘eee. * ieee Aed 4) Sea, and procure fome fuccour of men and horfes: for hee had now but three hundred men of warre,. and.fortie horfes, and fome of them. + fs lame, which did nothing but helpe.to.make vp:the - number : and for want of iron they. had goneaboue a yeere vnthod : and becaufethey were vied to it inthe Thedeathof plaine countrie,it did then no.greatharme, John Ortiz, anithegrea “ed in dutiamque, which gricued the Gouernor very mifleofhin much: becaufe. thar without.an Interpretour-hee fea- being theirins red to enter farreinto the land, where he mightbe loft, meres From thence forward a youth that. was:taken in, Cuté. -fachiqui did {erue-for Intespretour, whielyhad by that. time learned fomewhar of the Chriftians language. The death of John Ortiz was {0 greata mifchiefe forthe difcouering inward, or going out of the land, that to. carne of the Indians, that which: in foure words. hee declared, they needed a whole day with the youth +, and moft commonly hee vnderftood quite-contrarie that which was asked him : whereby it often happe-. _ ned that the way that they went one day, and fome- times two or three. daics, they turned backe, and went | Le} aftray and as big as great Hares, longer, and hauing greater: ae How the Goncrnour went from Autiamque to Nilco,. uM ‘ af » a " Se a ee ne re Ne y ~ _——— ee eee ee — derneffe,and a countrie fo low,and fo full of lakes and next adtoyning toUirginia. 119 aftray through the wood here and there. The Gouer- nour fpentten daies in travelling from Aatiamque toa -prouince called WAyays 3; and came to a towne that Ayays. ftood neere the Riuer that paffeth by Cayasand U4a- “84 tiamague. There hee commanded a barge to be made, wherewith he pafled the Riuer. When he had paffed the River there fell out fuch weather, that foure daics Great how a he could not traucll for fnow. Affoone as it gaue ouer bour the {nowing,he went three daies iourney through a Wil. oe euill waies, that hee travelled onetime a whole day in water, fometimes knee deepe, fometimes to the ftir- rup,and fomtimesthey-{wamme. He cametoatowne called Tiwtelpinco,abandoned,and without Maiz:there Ttelpince. paffed by italake,that entred into the riuer,which car- A great lake. rieda great ftreameand force of water.Fiue Chriftians » pafling oueritin’a petiagua, which the Gouernour had fent with a -Captaine, the periagua ouerfet :fome tadke hold on it; fome’on the trees that’ were in the lake. One Francis Sebaftian,an honeftmanof Villa noua de-Barca Rota, was drowned there. The Gouernour wentawhole day along-the lake feeking paflage, and could finde none, nor any waythatdid pafie to the o- therfide. Comming againeat night tothe towne hee found two peaceable Tridians, Which fhewed him the paflage, and»which way hee.was to goe. THere they mae of cancs and of the timber of houfes thatched Ra tswhere- Pi pagy cele” Tate TE ae, ve _ with they paf- with canes,rafes wherewith they paffedthe lake. They eq melake, trauelled three daies,and came toatowne of the terri- ~ totie of Nz/co; called Tianto.. There they tooke thirtie Tiante. Indians, and among them two principall men of this’ towne. The Gouernour fenta Captaine with horfe- menand footmen before to Wilco, becaufe the Indians yaisslog might @ Three or foure great COW MES, March 29 Nilco. Verie great townes. The bet Countrieof — Florida. Marterns skinnes. A cordon of ' petles, ‘20 Thedifconerie of Florida, might haue no time to carrie away the prouifion. They pafled through three or foure great townes; and inthe towne where the Cacique was refident, which was two leagues from.the place where the Gouernour:re- mained, they found many Indians with their bowes and arrowes, in manner as though they would haue ftaied to fght,which did compafic the townie; and af -foone as they faw the Chriftians come neere them without mifdoubting them, they fer the Caciques. houfe on fire,and fled ouer a lake that pafled neere the towne, through which the horfes could not paffe. _ The next day being Wednefday the 29. of Marchthe Gouernour cameto Nilo: he lodged with all his men _ in the Caciques towne, which ftood ina plaine field, which was inhabited for the {pace of a quarterof a league: and within a league and halfe a leagne were other very great townes, wherein was great ftore.of Maiz,of French beanes,ot Walnuts,and Prunes. This wasthe beft inhabited countrie, that was feene in Figs vida,and had moft ftore of Maiz, except Coca,and Apa- lache. There came to the campe an Iadian accompa- nied with others, aad in the Caciques narne gaue the Gouernoura mantle of Marterns skinnes, andacor= don of perles. The Gouernour gaue him a few {mall Margarites, which aretertaine beades much efteemed in Peru, agd other things, wherewith he was very well - contented. He promifed to returne within two daies, *» but neuer came againe : but on the contrarie the In- dians came by night in canoes, and carried away all the Maiz they could, and made them cabins on the other fide of the Riverin the thickeftof the wood,be- caufethey might flee if wee fhould goe to feéke them: The Gouernour, feciog hee came not:atthe timeaps ae | pointed, a TE Le ae ee ag Me ee ne ee ‘ ~~ " EN pet etl \ : ae ee ee —_ b, ‘ ’ Se Ee ae eS ee eR LS a next adioyning to Virginia. Lt pointed; commanded arratnbuth to be laid about cer- taine ftore-houfes neere the lakes whither the Indians came for Maiz: where they tooke two Indians, who told the Gonernour,that hee which came to vilit him, was notthe Cacique, but was fent by him vnder pre- tence to {pie whether the Chriftians were carelefle, and whether they determined to fettle in thatcountry or to goe forward. Prefently the Goucrnour fent a Captaine with footmenand horfemen ouer the river ; and in their paflage they were defcried of the Indians, and therefore -he could take but tenne or twelue men and women, with whom hee returned to the campe. This Riuer which pafled by Né/co,was that which pal- a Riverfal- fed by Cayas and Autiamque,and fell into Rie grande,or ling into Rio the Great Riuer,which pafled by Pachaha and Aquixo cranes neerevnto the prouince of Guachoya: and the Lord thereof came vp the Riuer in canoes to make warre with him of Ni/co.On his behalf there came an Indian | tothe Gouernour and faid vnto him, That he was his ‘feruant,and prayed him foto hold him, and that with- in two daies hee would come to kiffe his Lordfhips hands : andat the time appointed he came with fome of his principal Indians, which accompanied him,and with words of great offers and courtefie hee gaue the Gouernour a prefent of marly Mantles and Deeres skinnes. The Gouernour gaue him fome other things in recompentfe, and honoured him much. Hee asked him what townes there were downe the River? Hee an{wered that he knew none other but hisowne : and on the other fide of the Rivera prouince of a Cacique called Quigalta, So heetooke his leaue of the Gouer- -nourand wentto his owne towne. Within few.daics — - the Goucrnour determined to, goe to Guacheya , to ve ee es ee icarne ~ 2 Thedifcouerieof Florida, learne there whether the Sea were neere, or whether there were any habitation neere, where: hee might re: licue his companie, while the brigantines were ma: king, which he meantto fend tothe land of the Chri- ftians. Ashe paffed the Riuer of Niko, there came in canoes Indians of Guachaya vp the ftreame, and when they faw him,f{uppofing that hecame to feekethemto doe them fome hurt, they returned downe the Riuer, _ and informed the Cacique thereof: who with all his. people, fpoiling the towne of all thattheycouldcarrie © away, pafled that night ouer to the other fide of Rio. grande,or the great River. The Gouernour fenta Cap- taine with fiftic men in fixe canoes downe the Riuer, - and went himfelfe by land with the reft: heecame to. Guachoya. Guachoyavpon Sunday the 17.0f Apzill : he lodged in the towne of the Cacique, which was inclofed about, and {eated a croflebow fhot diftant from the Riuer.. Fourenames Here the Riuer is called Tamalifeu,and in NilcoT apatu, of Rio grande: and in Coca Mico,and in the port or mouth Ri. Cc HAP, XX IX. Ofthe meffage which the Gouernour fent to Quigalta, and of the anfwere which he returned: and of the things which happened in thistime. | eer oases S foone as the Gouernour came to: es Set! Guachoya, hee {ent ohn Danufco with 4 2\)| asmany men as couldgoe in the ca- 4, WS) noes vp the River. For when they: e724, | came downe from Ni/co,they faw on. <4) the other fide the River new.cabins- — “ eat pigea Ween E 5 remem eas 3 Bich eal ie 2 ciktech ee Pe Re Ng te ee ae = eagclions SS a ae ont Pad ee a Lay / , : 7 o eels M eau, ie ts es vs " iid inal a ee aoe Cr i ee. Oe i age ae ot next adioyningtoUirginia. 123 loaues made of the fubftance of prunes. That day came many toauee an Indian to the Gouernor from ithe Cacique of Gaa- made of choya; and faid, that his Lord would come the nex day. Thenext day they {aw many canoes come vp the Riuer, and on the other fide of the great River,they © affembled together in the {pace of an houre: they con- faulted whetherthey fhould come ornot; &at length “concluded to come,and croffed the River. In thé came the Cacique of Guachoya, and brought with him ma- nie Indians with great ftore of Fifh, Dogges, Deeres skinnes, and Mantles: And affoone as they landed, they wentto the lodging of the Gouernour, and pre- fented him their gifts, and the Cacique vttered thele words: | Mightie and excellent Lord, 1 befeech your Loradlbip to pardon mee the errour which leommitted in abfenting my felfe,and not tarrying in this towne to haue receiued and fer- ned your Lordjhip-fince,to obtaine this opportunitie of time, was,and is as much as a great victorie to me. Butt feared that,which Ineeded not to hane feared,and fo did that which was not reafontodo : But as haste maketh waste,and lremo- ned without deliberation; {0,as foone as I thought on it, I determined not to follow the opinion of the fooli{h,which ts, to continue in their errotr; but to imitate the wifeand difcrect, in changing my counfell, and fo I came to fee what your Lord- hip willcommand me to doe,that I may ferue you in all things that are in my power. | | The Gouernour received him with much ioy, and gaue him thankes for his prefent and offer. He alked him, whether hee had any notice of the Sea. Heean- fivered, no, nor of any townes-downe the Riuer on that fide; fauethat two leagues from thence was one towne ofa principal Indian a — ofhis; and . | \ 2 the t Prunes. 124. Lbhedifcouerieof Florida, the other fide of the Riuer, three daies iourney from - . thence downe the Riuer, was the Prouince iof Qai-- - galta, which was the greateft Lord that was‘im that Countrie. The Gouernour thought that the Cacique lied vnto him,torid him out of his ownetownes, and {ent ohn Danufcowith eight horfemen downe the Ri- ‘uer,to fee what habitation therelwas,and to informe himfelte, ifthere were any notice of the Sea. Hee tra- uelled eight daies,and at his returne hee faid,that in-all that time he was notable to go aboue 14 or 15 leagues, -becaufe of the great creekes that came outofthe Riz ucr,and groues of canes, and thicke woods that were along the bancks of the Riuer,and thathee had found no habitation. The Gouernour fell into great dumps ‘to feehow hard it was to getto the Sea:. and worfe,be- caufe his men and horfes enery day diminifhed, being - without fuccourto fuftaine themfelues in the country: The Goutt- and with thacthoughthe fell fick. Butbefore he tooke norfalleth fick | - | ARY : re 2 ofthough, his bed hee fentan Indian tothe Cacique of Quicatta ‘to tell him, that hee was the Childe of the Sunnejand ‘thatall the way that hee cameallmen obeyed and fer- ued him, that he requefted him:toaccept of his friend- ‘thip,and come vnto him; forhe would be very glad to feehims andin figne ot loueiand obedience to bring fomething with him of that which in his countrie was ‘mott efteemed. The Cacique anfwered by the fame Indian: IESG TALEND ANS °° That whereas he faid he was the Child of the Sunne, if he A mot wictie andftouran. W0Hld drie up the Riuer be would beleeue hime : and touching fwere ofthe the vefl,that hee was wont to-vifit none. but rather that all” Gute: ‘thofe of whom he had notice did vifit him feruedobeyed and ae paid bite tributes willingly or perforce » therefore if hee defi- ved to fee him, it were beft hefhould come thither « tharif hee no hy aes CAME sins retames’ ee re oN a ee ee Se ae ee ee a ee ee , , i i ee next adioyningtoUirginia. = 125 camein peace, he would veceine him with fpectall good will, and if in warre,in like manner hee would attend bimin the towne where he was,and that for him or any other hee would not forinke one foote backe. . By that timethe Indian returned with thisan{were, the Gouernour had betaken himfelte to bed, being evill handled with feuers, and was much aggricued, that he was not in cafe to paffe prefently the Riuerand ‘tofeeke him, to feeif he could abate that pride of his, confidering the Riuer went now very ftrongly in thofe parts ; for it was neere halfealeague broad,and 16. fa- thomes deep, and very furious, and ranne witha great current; and on both fides there were many Indians, and his power was not now fo great, but that hee had need tohelpe himfelfe rather by flights then by force. ‘TheIndians of Guachoya came cuery day with fith in {uch numbers, that the towne was fullofthem. The Caciquefaid, that on a certaine night hee of Quigalte wauld come to giue battell to the Gouernour. Which the Gouernourimagined that he had deuifed,to driue him outof his countrey, and commanded him to bee putin hold ; and that night and all the reft, there was good watch kept. Hee asked him wherefore Quigalta came not? He faid that hee came,but that he faw him prepared,and therfore durft not giue the attempt: and hee was earneft with him to fendhis Captaines ouer the Riuer,andthat he would aide him with many men to fet vpon Quiealta: The Gouernour told him that affoone as he was recouered, himfelfe would feeke him out. And feeing how many Indians came daily to the towne,and what ftore of people was in that countrie, fearing they (houldal confpire together and plotfome treafonagainft him and becaufe the towne had fome Oo : RG open - Fiue or fixe open gaps which were not made anend of inclofing, befides the gates which they went in and. out by: be- caufethe Indians fhould not thinke he fearedthem, helet them allalone vnrepaired; and commanded the horfemen to be appointed to them, and to the gates: and all night the horfemen went the round 3 and two 26 — Thedsfcouerieof Florida, and two of euery {quadron rode about, and vifitedthe skouts that were without thetowne in their ftandings by the paffages, and the croffebowmen thatkept the _ canoes inthe Riuer. And becaufe the Indians fhould ftand in feare of them, hee determined to fend a-Cap- taine to Nilco,forthofe of Guachoya had told him that it was inhabited ; that by vfing them cruelly, neither the one nor the other fhould prefiime to affailehim $ and hee fent Nunnez de T ouar with fifteene horfemen, | and John de GuXman Captaine of the footmen with his companie in canoes vp the Riuer. The Cacique.of Guachoya fent for many canoes and many warlike In- dians to goe with the Chriftians: andthe Captaineof the Chriftians.called Nunnez de Tonar,went by land with his horfemen,and two leagues before he cameto Nilcohee ftaied for lohn de GuXman, and in that place they pafled the Riuer by night : the horfemen came firft, and in the morning by breake of day in fight of the towne they lighted vpona fpie; which affoone as he perceiued the Chriftians, crying out amainefledto the towne to giue warning. Nunez deTonar and bis comparie made fuch {peed, that before the Indians of the towne could fully come out,they werevpon them: it was champion ground that was inhabited, which was about a quarterofa league. There were about fiue thoufand peo- OF fixe thoufand people in the towne: and,as many plein Nilco. people came out of the houfes, & fled from one houfe ) : Wee to next adioyningtoUirginia. 127 to another,and many Indians came flocking together __ fromall parts,there was neuer a horfeman that was not aloneamong many. The Captaine had commanded that they fhouldnorfparethe life ofany male. Their diforder was fogreat, that there was no Indian that fhotan arrow atany Chriftian. The fhreekes. of wo- men and children were fo great,.that they made the eares deafe of thofe that followedthem. There were flainean hundred Indians, little more or lefle: and ma- ny were wounded with great wounds, whom they fuffered to efcape to ftrikea terror in the reft that were notthere. There were fome fo cruell and butcherlike, that they killed old and young, and all thatthey met, _ though they made norefiftance: and thofe which pre- . fumed of themfelues for theirvalour, and were taken - for Such, brake through the Indians, bearing downe many with their ftirrops and brefts of their horfes; and fome they wounded with their lances,and fo let them goe: and when they faw any: youth or woman they tooke them,and deliuered them to the footmen. Thefe mens finnes by Gods permiffion lighted on their own. heads:who,becaufe they would feeme valiant,became«e cruell; fhewing themfelues extreme cowards in thece. fight of all men, when as moft neede of valour was re-«. quired,and * afterward they came toa fhameful death. * chap.37... Ofthe Indians of Né/cewere taken prifoners, foure- fcore women and children, and much fpoile. The In-. dians of Grachoya kept back before they came at the towne, and ftaied without,beholding the fucceffe of the Chriftians with the menof Né/co. And when they -~fawthem put to flight, andthe horfemen bufie in kil-- | fingofthem, they haftened tothe houfestorob, and filled their canoes with the fpoile of the goodss.and a eee | | turned: 28 TLhedsfconerie of Florida, turned. to Geachoya before the Chriftians ; and won- dring: much at, the fharpe dealing which théy ‘had feene them vie toward the Indians of Nélco, they told their Cacique all that had pafled with great aftonifh- — Ment. | Bimst ihe SHIOLD re * ihe Qos Yours ‘Craps XXX anibla . ib Ao Of the death of the Adelantado Fernando de Soto: And bow Luys Mofcofo de Aluarado was elected Gouernour tn bis flead. nie bebruspe sion tei ee ome He Gouernour felt in himfelfe that RQ8o% the houreapproched, wherein hee WA was to leaue this prefent life, and roses) Called for the Kings officers, Cap- @£48) taines and principall perfons, to } whom he madea {peech,faying : x 4 % A rs g cor ab: of comfort: andthe danger wherein all his people were chine Soto I Set Bg Sa next adioyning to Virginia. 129 dinifion,which vpon his death might fall out upon thechoice of his fucce(fourperequefted them toclect a principal perfor, and able to. gouerne, of whom all fhould like well; and when be waseleéted,they [ould fiveare before him to obey hims:and shat hewould thanke them very much info doing ; becanfe the griefeshat he had,would fomemhat be alfwaged, and the paine that he felt,becaufe he left them in fo great confufion,to wit,in leauing them ina firange Countrie, where they knew not wheretheywere. Baltafar de Gallegos anfwered inthe name ofall the reft: And firft of all comforting him, he fet before his eies how fhortthe life of this world was,and with how many troubles and miferies it is accompanied, and how God fhewed hima fingular fauor which fooneft leftir:telling him many other thiogsfit for fucha time. And forthe lait point, that fince it pleafed God to take him to himfelfe, although his death didtuftly grieve them much,yetas wel he,asal the reft, ought of necef- fitieto conforme themfelues to the willof God. And touching the Gouernour which he commanded they fhould eleét,he befought him, thatit would pleafe his Lordfhip to name him which he thought fit, and him they would obey. And:prefently he named Lays de ‘Mofcofede Aluarado his Captaine generall. And pre- fend he was fworneby allthat were prefent and cle- Ged for Gouernour. The next day,being the 21. of The death of May, 1542. departed out of this life, the valorous, vir- tudus,and valiant Captaine,Dom Fernando de Soto,Go- the 21.0f May, uernour of Cuba, and Adelantado of Florida : whom 1547 # Gua- fortune aduanced, as it vfeth to.doe others, that hee might have the higher fal.He departed in fuch a place, andatfuchatime, as inhis fickneffe he had but little of gai mics RA TL) elas Pre aati Pact Si Serer) te METS at es es TE enh ee NE 3 i a ss A wittie ftra- Tapeme what might:bee, ‘And pafling by theplace where hee e | The Aifeomenie of Florida, 3 - 5 OR fpake oneto another. Lays de -Moféofovnderftanding yi Daa a of perifhing in that Countrie, which appeared before their eies,was caufe fufficient, why euery'o neof them had need of comfort, and why they didnot vifit nor accompanie him asthey oughtto hauedone. Lays de AMofcofo determined to conceale his death fromthe In- dians; becaule Ferdinando de Soto had made'them be- leeue, That.the Chriftians were immortal! ad alfa becaufe they tooke him to behardie,wile,and valiant : andif they fhould know thathe was dead, they would bee bold tofetvpon the Chriftia ns;though they lied. peaceablic by them. Inregard oftheir difpofitionjatid becaule they were nothing conftantjand: yeleeued all that was tolde them, the: Adelantado made them be: lecue,that he knew-fome things that pafled infecreta- mong themfelues; withouctheir knowledge, how, of in what manner hecame by them: and that the figure which appeared ina glafle, which he fhewedthem,did tell him whatloeuer they practifed and went about? and therefore neither in word nor deed durft they at- tempt any thing that might bee preiudiciall ynto hihuinsig blsow iinliwirldacals 7 « Affoone as he was dead, Luis de Mofeb(o commanded to puthim fecretly in an honfe; where hee remained three daies! and remoouing him from thence, com- manded him to bee buriedin thenight at one ofthe gates of the towne within the wall. And as the Indians had feene him fick,and miffed him, fo did they fufpec ‘ ; - a eee ee cit OS i eae Ear tin at ie tk Se Pg .T was buried, feeing the earth mooued,they looked'and — of it,commanded himtobd takentp by ni ght, and to cafta great deale of {and into thre miantles, wherein ‘he ~ was winded vp, wherein hee was cartiéd in a canoe, ae oe — and = next adioymng to Vivo 13 and throwne into the middeft ofthe River, The Ca- cique of Guachoya inquired forhim,: demanding what was become of his brother and Lotdjthe Gouernour: Laysde cMofcofotold him,that hee was gon toheduen, asmany other times hee did : and becaufe hee was to {tay there certaine daies, hee had left him in his place. The Cacique thought with himf elfethat he was deads and\comanded two young and well proportioned In- dians to be brought thither ; and faid,that ¥ vfe ofthat ,, . ae Countrie was; when any Lord died,to kill Indians to the cuftome wait vpon him, and ferue him by the way : and for of theold Tar- that purpofe by his commandement were thofe come “"* thither : and prayed Lays de Mofcofo to command them tobe beheaded,that they might attend and ferue his Lordand brother, . Lays de Mofcofa told: him, that the Gouernour was not dead,but gone to heatien,and that of his owne Chriftian fouldiers,he had taken fuch as he needed to ferue him, & praicd him to command thofe Indians to be loofed, and not to vf any fuch bad cuftome from, thencefoorth:: ftraightway hee com- mandéd thenrto be loofed; and-to get them home to their honfes. And one of them would notgoc; faying, that hee would not ferue him, that without defert-had-iudged him to death, but that hee would gals hint as: long as hee'lited,:which had faued his lifes. ely mr; SY LIN aed tee ere PN Pre EA ney of ey denys de Mofcofe caufed all the goods of the Gonernor to be fold atan outcrie: to wit,two.men flaues, & two women dlavésarid threehdrfesyand-7oohogeges.: For acs haba | 7 . Ky Ne ee beg e gates sh oy fi red hogges. i cuery flaue orhorfe, they gave twoor three thoufand ; : ducats s which'were to be paied atthe firft melting of gold orfiluerjoratthe diuifion of their portion of in- heritance, And they entred into bonds,though in’ the ghyiiee 7 Sz ‘Countrie 12 T beds[couerie of Florida, Countrie there was not wherewith, to pay it within a - -yeere after,and put in furetics forthe fame. Suchasin Spaine had no goods to bind, gaue two hundred du- cats for an hog, giuing affurance after:the fame maner. Thofe which had any goods in Spaine, bought with more feare, and boughtthe leffe.: From that time for- ward moft of the companie had fwine,,andbrought them vp,and fed vponthem; and obferued Fridaies. and Saturdaies, and the evenings of feafts, which be- fore they didnot. For fometimes intwo or three mo- I neths they did eate no flefh, and whenfoeuer: they | couldcome by it,they did eateit.. © 0 can) , Cans XXX: | de Lop sneez : How the Gouernour Luys de Mofcofo departed from: _ Guachoya,and wentto Chaguate; andfromshence toAguacay. PAW ky eee, O me were glad of the death of Dos oH Ke Meh | Ferdinando de Soto, holding forcer- YReral taine,that Lays de Mofcofo (which: ¥-e! was giuentohiseafe) wouldrather #1 defiretobeamong the Chriftiansat 4; reft,thento continue the labours of - ate, Le nextadtoyningto Uirginia. 133 Ee defired themall, that euerie one would giuchiso- pinion in writing, & fet his hand to it: thatthey might refolue by general confent, whether they fhould goe downe the Riuer;. orenter into the maine land. All were of opinion, thatit was beft to go bylandtoward Thcirgeneral che Welt, becaule Nuena Efpanna was that way; hol- cai ding the voyage by:fea more dangerous, and of grea- land Welt ter hazard, becaufe they could make no fhip.of any "4 ftrength toabideaftorme,neither had they Mafter,nor Pilot, Compaffe,nor Chart, neither knew they how | farre the fea was off, nor had any notice of it; nor whe- ther the River did make any grcat turning into the land,or had any great fall fromthe rocks, where all of them might be caftaway. And {ome which had feene the fea-chart,did find, that from the place where they _ werebythefea coaftto a EMR bee 400. leagues, little more or lefle ; and faid, that though they went fomewhat about by land in feeking apeopled Countrie,iffome great wilderneffe which the could: not paffe did not hinder thé, by {pending that fommer in travell,finding prouifion to paffe the winter in fome _ peopled Countrie, that the next fommer after they might come to fome Chriftian land, and that it might: §ortunein their trauel by landto find fome rich Coun- trie, where they might: doe themfelues: good. The Gouernour, although he defired to get outol Florida: in{hortertime, feeing the inconueniences they laid before him,in trauelling by fea, determined to follow that which feemed good tothem all. On Monday the The fifth of _ fifth of lune, he departed from Guachoya: The Caci- n° que gauc hima guideto Chagnate, and ftaied at home caratie.: in his ownetowne:. They paffed through 2 Prouince. galled Caraltez-and having paffed a wildernefie of fixe Sige - 33: daies’, 34 Lhe difconerie of Florida, Chaguate, daics tournie,the twentieth day of } moneth hecame to Chaguate. The Cacique of this Prouince had vifi- tedthe Goucrnour Don Ferdinando de Soto at Autiam: que, whitherhe brought him prefents ofskinnes;and mantles andfalt. Anda day before Luys de —Mofcofa came to his towne, weloft'a Chriftian that was ficke : which hee fufpected that the Indians had flaine.. Hee ent the Cacique word, thathe thould conimand his people to fecke hima vp, and fend him vnto him, and that he would hold him,as he did,for his friend : and if he did not,that neither he,nor his,(hould efcape his hands, and that hee would fet his: Countrie-on fire: Prefently the Cacique came vnto him,and brought a great prefent of mantles and skinnes, and the Chrifti- an that was loft,and made this {péech following: |» Right excellent Lovd, I wonld not Acferue that conceit which you had of me, for allthe treafure of theworld. What inforced meto goe to vifit and ferue the excellent Lord Go« uernour you father in Autiamque, which you fhonld haue remeusbred, where Laffered ny felfe with all loyaltie, faith ana love, during my life to ferueand obey hime? Whatthen could be the caufed hauing receiued fanours of him, and net= ther you nor be haning done me any wrong, that fhould nooue ene to doe the thing, which L ought not? Beleene this of mes that neither wroue; mor Any worldly: intere/t, was able to vieake mae tohaue donethnor foallbeableto blind mes Batas ia this lifeit isa naturall cour{e,that after one pleafure, many Sorrowes doe follow : fa by your indignation, fortune would Moderate the joy, which my beartconctineth withyour pres fences and that.' fhaalderre, where I thought furefito haus ., bit the marke s in harboring this Chriftian which was loft, andufing hin in fuch manneras he may tell himfelfe, thin- hing that herein I did yon feruice, with purpofeto deliner him Vito = “next adigyningtoUirginia. = 135 onto youin Chaguate, and toferue you tothe vttermoft of my pomer. If Ldeferuepunifoment for this, Twill veceie it atyour hands, as from my Lord, asifitwereafauour. For the loue which I did beare to the excellent Gouernour, and which I beare to you hath uo limit. _And like as yougine me chafifenent;forwill you alfa fhew me fanour.' And that which now lL crane of you is this,to declare your will unto me, andshofethings, wherein I may bee abletodoe you the mojt and beft feruice. \ SPY ASS ai .. The Gouernour anfwered him, thatbecaufehe did not findhiminthattowne, hee was incenfed againit him,thinking he had abfented himfelfe, as others had done: But feeing he now knew his loyaltie and loue, ~ hewould alwaies hold himasabrother, and favour him in all his affaires. The Cacique went with him to the towne where he refided,which was a daics iournte A {mal towne. from thence. They paffed through a fmal town, where there was alake,where the Indians made falt: andthe co iadeot : Chriftians made fome one day while they: refted fait (prings of there, of a brackifh water, which {prang neere the" towne in ponds like fountaines. The Gouernour ftai- ed in Chaguate fixe daies. There he was informed of the habitation that was toward the Weft. Theytold him, that three daies iournie from thence was aPro- uince called Aguacay. The day thathe departed from an Chaguate, aChriftian,called Franci(co de Guzman, the or64 bafe fonne ofa Gentleman of Simll,{taied behind, and - went tothe Indians, with an Indian woman which he keptas his concubine, for feare he fhouldbe punifhed for gaming debts, that he didowe. The Gouernor had travelled two daies before he miffed him ; hee fent the Cacique word to feeke him vp, and to fend him to 4 guacay, whither he trauelled : which hee did not pete forme: 36 TLhedifconerie of Florida, | forme. Fromthe Cacique of ¢gmacay, before they came into the Countrie, there met him on the way 15. Indians witha prefent of skinnes, fifh and rofted veni- fon. The Gouernour came to his towneon Wednef. Aguacay. — day,the fourth of Iulie. He found the towne without people,and lodged in it: he ftaied there abouta day ; during which, hemadefome roades, and tooke many menandwomen. There they had knowledge of the Knowledge of she SouthSea, South Sea. Here there was great {tore of faltmade of fand,which they gather ina vaine of ground like pee- Me ofSalt ble ftones.: And it was made as they make fal in mea Co e Cayas. ! | re Cuarp. XXXII. 4 How the Gouernour went from Aguacay to Naguatex, and what happened unto him, =2,7| He fame day that the Gouernourde- {| parted from cA eaacay helodged in et) afmall towne {ubicé to the Lordof — | that prouince. The Campe pitched hard by alake of fale water; and that eee evening they madefome {alt there. Saltemade Lhe day following hee lodged betweene two moun- here. taines ina thinne groue of wood. The next day hee Pato, came toa fimall towne called Pato, The fourth day af- _terhis departure from Agwacayhe came to the firft ha. Amaye. bitation ofa prouince called Amaye. Therean Indian wastaken, which faid that from thence to Naguatex was a day anda halfes iourney; whichtheytrauelled, finding allthe way inhabited places.Hauing pafledthe lulicze, “peopled countrie of Amsaye,on Saturday the20.0flu- lie they pitched theit Campeat noonebetweenece- . : maye ae A fmal towne. [3 NEED AEE] +: ES we Ra next adtoyning to Virginia. 137 mayeand Naguatex along the corner of a groucofvery faire trees. In the fame place certaine Indians were difcouered,which caineto view them. The horfemen wentout to them,and killed fix,andtooke two;whom the Gouernour asked, wherefore they came? They faid, to know what people hee had, and what order they kept; and that the Cacique of Naguatex their Lord had fentthem, and that he, with other Caciques which came toaide him, determined. that day to bid him battell. While they wereoceupicd in thele que- ftions and anfweres, there came many Indians by two waies in two fquadrons : and when they faw they were defcried, giuing a great crie they aflaulted the (Chriftians eachiquadron by it felfe; but feeing what _refiftance the Chriftians made them,they turned their backes and betooke themfelues to flight, in which ma- ny of them loft their liuess and moft of the horfemen following them in chafe,careleffe of the Camp, other two fquadrons of Indians,which layin ambush, {etvp- on the Chriftiansthat were in the Campe, which allo they refifted,who alfo had their reward as the firft. Af- ter.the flight of the Indians,and, that the Chriftians were retired,they heard a great noife acroflebow fhot from the place where they were. The Gouernour fent twelue horfemento fee what it was. They found fixe -Chriftians,foure footinen andtwo horfemen, among amany Indians; the horfemen defending the footmen .with:greatlabour. Thefe being.of them that chafed the firt.wofquadrons,had loft themfelues,and comming to recouer. the Campe fell among thofe with whom _ they were fighting: and fo they,and thofe that came to{uccour thé, flew many of the Indians,and brought — onealiueto the Campe: whom the Gouernour exa- ¥ cons T mined, Hacanac. Napuatex, A River. Auguit, " Diedilcutiens Fadil, i : al POO eC ae aS a eee a ag i Ray ae eee mined, who they were that came to bid him battelf, He told him, thatthey were the Cacique of Naguatex, and of Amaye, and another ofa prouince called Aaca- wac,a Lord of great countries and many fubie@s; and thatthe Cacique of Nagaatex came for Capraine and ~ chiefeft of them all. The Gouernour commanded his right arme and nofe tobe cut off, and fent him to the Cacique of Nagaatex, charging him to tell him, that thenext day hee wouldbee in his countrey to deftroy him ; and if hee would withftand his entrance, hee fhould ftay for him. That night he lodged there and the next day hee came tothe habitation of Naguatex, which was very {cattering: he inquired where the Ca- ‘ciques chiefe towne was ¢ They told him that it was on the other fide ofa Riuer, that paffed thereby : hee trauelled thitherward, and came vnto it: and on the other fide hee faw many Indians, that taried for him, making fhew as though they would defend the paf- fage. And becaufe hee knew not whether it could bee waded , nor where the paflage was; and that fome Chriftans and horfes were hurt ; that they might haue- tume to recouer,he determined to reft certaine daies in the towne where he was. So hee pitched his campe a uarter of aleague from the Riuer, becaufe the wea- ther was very hot, neere vnto the towne, in a thinne’ grouc of very faire and hie trees neere a brookes fide: and in that place were certaine Indians taken ; whom. ‘hee examined, whether the Riuer were wadeableor no? They faid,yea,at fome times, and in fome places.. Within ten daies after he {ent two Captaines with fi£ teene horiemen a peece vpward and downe the Ri- uer with Indians to fhew them where they fhould goe ouer, to fee what habitation was on the other fide: 4 ASE ME NY ESN ak i ter aatetn ty Srarecs esa ueI oe am eek eS kt aie soce OP itn Rega ees ES Ee in Se aire ave es An Ree next adtoyningto‘Uirginia. 39 And the Indians with{ftood them both,defending the paflage ofthe Riuer as farreas they were able,but they pafled in defpite of them : and on the other fide of the 7% Pale the Riuer they faw great habitation, and great {tore of vi- Guals ; and with thefe newes returned to the Camp. Cuar. XXXIII. “How the Cacique of Naguatex came to vifite the Goner- nour: aud how the Gonernour departed from Na- guatex and came to Nondacao. ———— —= ; OP areay Ree“ Ss t * | He Gouernour fentan Indian from Nagaa- (Ce tex where hee lay, to command the Ca- &.¢ cique to come to ferue and obcy him, and “on that hee would forgiue him all that was paft,and ifhe came not,thathe would feeke him, and giue him fuch punifhmentas he had deferued for that which he had done againft him. Within two daies the Indian returned, & {aid thatthe Cacique would come the nextday : which,the fameday when he came,fent many Indians before him,among whom there were {ome principall men : hee fent them to fee what coun- tenance they found inthe Gouernour,to refolue with himfelfe whether hee fhould goe or not. The Indians let him vnderftand,that he was comming, and went a- way prefently : and the Cacique came within two : houres accompanied with many of his men: they came allin a ranke one before another on both fides, - Icauing alan¢ in the middeft where hee came. They came wherethe Gouernour was, allofthem weeping after the manner of T#//a,which was not fatre from Tula fot far as . ° rom Nagua- thence toward the Eaft. The Cacique made his due tex, Batward. obedience,and this {peech following : tiie hore | “it Right ¥ The Riuer Arlee ake: alesis tae pring weN gag oe poate be ee growne vnpaf- River he could not paffe, becaule it was growne very fable in Au- guft.ar Na- uarexe = difconerie of Florida, - Right high and mightie Lord, whom all the world ought. £6 ferue and obey, Twas bold to appeare before your Lordfhip, hauing committed fo heinous and abominable an att, as only for me to hane imagined, deferued to be punifhed ; trusting in your greatnes, that although I deferue to obtaine no pardon, yet for your owne fake only you will vfe clemencte toward me, confidering how {mall lamin comparifon of your Lordfbips ana not to think upon my weaknelfes,which, to my eriefe and for my zreater good, Lhaneknowne. And I beleeue that you and yours areimmortall ; and that your Lordlhip is Lora of the land of nature, feeing that youfubdue all things, and they obey you,euen the very hearts of men. For when I beheld the flaughter and deftruttion of my men in the battel, which, through mine ignorase, and the counfell of a brother of mine, which died in the [ame,I gaue your basal prefently I ré= pented mein my heart of the error, which lhad committed s and defired to ferue and obey you : and to this end Icome,. that your Lordfhip-may chaftife and command mee as your sb: i | Larmynhgiaas The Gouernour anfwered him,that he forgaue him: all which was pai, that from thenceforth hee fhould do his dutie,& that he would holdhim for his friend, ~ andthat he would favour him in all things. Within foure daies hee departed thence, and comming to the bigge; which feemed to him a thing of admiration, _ being at that time that it was, and fince ithad not rai- ned 4 moneth before. “The Indians faid., chat ine creafed inany rimes-afterthat manner without raining: Coniclures. in al} che countrie. Te was fuppofed;tharit might’ bee Merkg the tide that’came intoit. Te was learned that the flood came alway from aboue,and that the Indians of all that countric had no knowledgeofthe Sea The Go- sone aoe: : uemour nextadioyningto Virginia. 14.1. uetnour returned vntothe place where hehadlodged before: and vnderftanding within eight dates. atter thatthe Riuer was pafleable,he departed. He pafled o- ' werand found the towne without people: he lodged Atowne in the field, and {ent the Cacique word to come vnto him, and to bring him aguide to goe forwards: And fome daies being paft, feeing' the Cacique came not, nor fent any bodie, hee fent two Captaines fundrie waies to burne the townes, and to take {uch Indians as aes bur- they could finde : They burnt great ftore of victuals, Bie and took many Indians. The Cacique {eeing the hurt that he receined in his countrie,fent fix@principail In- dians wich three men for guides, which knew the lan- -- guage of the countrie, through which the Gouernour was to paffe. Hee departed prefently from Naguatex, and within three dates iourney came to a towne of foure or fiue houfes, which belonged to the Cacique of that prouince,which is called Nsffoone : it was euil] Nifoone. inhabited and had little Maiz. Two daies tourney for- ward the guides which guided the Gouernour,if they were to goe Weltward, guided him to the Eaft; and fometimes went vp and downe through very. great woods out of the way. The Gouernour commanded them to bee hanged vpon a tree: anda woman that they tooke in Wi/foone guided him, and went backe againe to feeke the way. In two dates he cameto anos ther miferable towne,called: Lacave : an Indian was ta* Lacane:. kemin‘ that place, tharfaid, that the: countrie of Ronda: yondacao. cao was'a countrie of great habitation, and the houfes fcattering the one from the other, astlicy vie to bee in mountains,and had great ftore of Maiz. The Cacique came with hismen weeping, like them of Nagmatex: for this is their vieim token of obedience ; hee made" unig] et eres _ hime Aays. A towne, 142. him a prefent of much fith,and offered to doe what he would command hin. Heetooke hisleaue, and gaue him.a guide tothe prouince of Soacatino. The difcouerié of Florida; i Cuar. XXXIUL . How the Gouernour went from Nondacao to Soacatino and Gualco, and palfed through a defert, from. whence, for want of a guide,and an interpretour,here. turned to Nilco. He Gouernour departed from Nou= dacao toward Soacatine, andin fiue MLLER Sy PP a EAS bY a, 4 ye ey, u 1 ahi] > 8 ; Ne TA ae i$ f- estas He re = Wala é We PAAR, E Nd be Be a Oe OS ‘= Rey ‘ Ry a | a cs S 4 called days. The Indians which inhabited it, had no notice ofthe that they entred into their country, they affembled themfelues : and as they came toge- ther 50. or 100. they came foorth to fight: while fome fought, others came and charged our men another’ way, and while they followed fome, others followed them. The fight lafted the greateft part of the day,till they came to theirtowne. Somehorfes and men were wounded,butnotto any hurt oftheir trauelling : for there was no wound that was dangerous. There was a great {poile made ofthe Indians. That day that the » | Gouernour departed from thence, the Indian that _ guided him faid,that in Nowdacaohe had heard fay;that the Indians of Soacatine had {eene other Chriftians; whereof they all were very glad : thinking it mightbe -true,and thatthey might haue entred into thofe parts by Naeua Efpanva, and thatific were {o,it wasin their owne hand to goe out of Florida, ifthey found no- daies 1ournie came to a Prouince - Chriftians: butaffooneas they faw thing seit chal nat tes airs aiieiahaia tule Red cern tata Gi ees emt a hia vae “tia RR Oates 0 AR dante Shey 4 kenny Meri ata NEE Pr ne hte fe, parents next adioyningto‘Utrginia. — 142 thing of profit : forthey feared they fhould lofethem- felues infome wildernes. This Indian led him two daies out of the way. The Goucrnour commanded to torture him. He faid,that the Cacique of Nezdacao,his Lord, had commanded him to guide them fo,becaule they were his enemies, and that hee was to doc as his Lord commanded him. The Gouernour commanded himto be caftto the dogs : andanother guided him t0 Soacativo, whither hee came the day following. It Soacatino. was averie poore Countrie: there was great want of Maizinthat place. Hee asked the Indians, whether they knew ofany other Chriftians. They faid, thata little from thence toward the South they heard they -qwere. Hetrauelled 20. daies through a Countric euill 20. daiestra- ~~ Gnhabited,where they fuffered great fcarcitie and trou- 4). ome ble. For that little Maiz which the Indians had, they : had hidden and buried in the woods,where the Chri- ftians,after they were well wearied with their trauell, atthe end of their iournie went to fecke by digging what they fhould eat. Atlaft,comming toa Prouince that wascalled Gwa/zo, they found Maiz, wherewith Sa ae they loaded their horfes, and the Indians that they rarities had. From thence they went to anothertowne calied ftones,and Naguifcoca. ‘The Indians faid, they had no notice Bp any other Chriftians. The Gouernour commanded Chap.3s. totormentthem.. They faid,that they: came firft toa- Neauileogss - nother Lordfhip, which was called Nacacahoz, and Nacacahozs. fromthencereturnedagain tothe Welt,from whence they came, The Gouernour camein two daics to Na- cacahoX : Some women were taken there : among whom there was one, which faid, that fhe had feene Chriftians,and had been taken by them, and had run away.-The Gouernourfenta Captaine with 13-horfe- , : meni aoe eo They retur- ned to ‘Guafco, . The River of Daycao: which fee- methtobe Rio del oro. mien to the place where the woman [aid fhe had {eerie ) them,to fee if there were any figne of horfes, or any to- ken of their being there. After they had gone three or foure leagues,the woman that guided them ‘aid, that _ allthat fhe had told them was vatrue: And fo they - held all the reft that the Indians had faid, of fecing Chriftians in the land of Florida, And, becaufe the ‘Countrie that way was poore of Maiz,and toward the Welt,there was nonotice of any habitation, they re- turned to Guafco. The Indians told-them there, that 10. daies iourni¢ from thence towardthe Weft, was a Riuercalled Daycaos; whither they wentfometimes a hunting and killing of Deere: and that they had {eene peopleon the other fide,but knew riot what habitati- onwas there. There the Chriftians tooke {uch Maiz as they found and could carrie, and,going 10. daies iournie through a wilderneffe, they came to theRiuver which the Indianshad told themof. Ten horfemen, whichthe Gouernour had fentbefore,pafled overthe fame, and went ina way that led to the Riuer, and lighted vponacompanie of Indians that dwelt in ve- ric littlecabins : who,aflooneasthey faw them, tooke themfeluesto flight, leaning that whichtheyhadsall which was nothing but miferie.and pouertie. The Countrie was fo poore, that among them allthere was not found halfe a peck of Maiz. The shorfemen tooke two Indians, and:returned withthem tothe Ri- uer,wherethe Gouernour ftaied forthem. Hefought to learne of them what habitation was toward the Weft. There was none in the Camp that couldvn- derftand theirlanguage. The-Gouernonr affembled the Captaines and principall perfons, to determine with their advice what they thould doe.And the moft | part CES y ee ee oa rn Sahil 4) tera a oar pa teed SEGRE Oe CNA UR Tica sag 3s am SERS re dhe Ce WS nine eS Se AS eR URE MeN nC next adicyning to‘Uirginia. 145 part faid, that they thonght it beft to returne backe to Rio grande,or the Great River of Guachoya; becaule that in Nico and thereabout was {tore of Maiz:faying,that they would make pinaces that winter, and the next fommer paffe down the Riuer to the feawardinthem, | and comming to the Sea they would goe along the coaftto Nuena Efpanna. For though it fecmed a doubt- full thing and difficult, by that which they had already alleaged, yetit was the laftremedie they had. For by | land they could not goe for wanvof an Interpretour. No taueling And they held, that the countrie beyond the Riuer of aah nes Daycao,where they were,was that which Cabeca de Va- pretour. ca mentioned in his relation that he pafled of the Indi- ans which lined like the Alarbes,hauing no fetled place,and fed vpon Tunas and rootes of the fields, and wilde beafts that they killed. Which if it were fo, if they fhould enter intoitand finde no victuals to paflethe > winter,they could not chufe but perifh. Forthey were | entred alreadie into the beginning of OGober : andif they ftaied any longer, they were notable to returne for raine and {nowes, nor to fuftaine themfelues in fo pooreacountrey. The Gouernout (that defired long to fee himfelfe in a place where hee might fleepe his full fleep,rather then to conquer and gouernea coun- trie where fo many troubles prefented themfclues) prefently returned back that fame way thathe came. ‘V Cuap. a The difconerie of Florida, re | Cuap. XX XV. Ay How they returned to Nilco, and came to Minoya,where they agreed to make fhips to depart out of the land-of Florida. | Meist rts see Hen that which was determined was 199 AA) publifhed in the Campe, there were 27 ey many that were greatly grieved at fis it: for they held the Sea voyage as %@ doubrfull, for the euill meanes they # had, and of as great danger,as the mz: EN SD eee trauciling Ls in countric before they came to the land of the Chri- ftians, by that which €abeca de Vaca had told the Em: perour: and that was this; Thar after hee had found Gold,iluer clothes made of cotton wooll,hee faw gold and filuer, An brectis_and ftones of great value. And they had not yetcome pois where hee. had been. For vntill that place hee alwaies a: trauelled by the. Sea coaft :. and they trauclled farre within the land; and that going toward the Welt, of neceflitie they fhould come where hee had been. For _ hefaid, Thatina certain place he travelled many daies, and entred intothe Jandtoward the North. Andin Turkic ftones Gyafco they had alreadie found fome Turkie ftones, apetnapiles and mantles of cotton wooll: which the Indians figni- woul! tound in fied by fignes that they had from the Weft: and that Gualco, holding that courfe they fhould draw neere to the land ofthe Chriftians. But though they were much and haue died in the land of F/;sda,then to have gone ~ ‘a by land : and they hopedto findefomerich difcontented-with it,and it grieued many to goe back- ward,which would rather haue aduentured their lies” poore. next adieyning toUirginia. 14.7 oore outofit : yet were they nota fuffictent part to inder that which was determined, becaufe the princt- pall men agreed with the Gouernour. And afterward there was one that faid, hee would put out one of his owne eyes,to put outanother of Luis de Mofcofo ; be- caufe it would grieue him much to fee him profper: becaufe afwell himfelfas others of his friends lrad crof- {ed-that which hee durft not haue done, feeing thar within two daies hee fhould leave the gouernment. From Daycao, where now they were, to Rvo grande, Or 10 leagues the Great Riuer, was 150 leagues : which vnto that betweenethe place they had gone Weftward. And by the way as panna they returned backe they had much adoe to find Maiz grande. to eate : for where they had paffed, the countrey was deftroyed: and fome little Maiz that was leftthe In- dians had hidden. ‘The townes which in Waguatex Naguatex. they had burned (whereof itrepented them) were re- paired againe,and the houfes full of Maiz. This coun- trie is well inhabited and plentifull. In that place are veflels made of clay, which differ very litle from Fine earthen thofe of E/remoz, ot Monte-mor, In Chaguate the In- Veh. dians by commandement of the Cacique came peace. ably,and faid,that the Chriftian which remained there would not come. The Gouernour wrote ynto him, and fent him inke and paper that he might anfwere. The fubftance of the words of the letter wasto declare ynto him his determination, which was,to goe out of the land of Florida, and to puthim in remembrance that he was a Chriftian,that hee would not remaine in _ the fubie@ion of Infidels, that hee pardoned him the fault which he had done in going away to the Indians, that hee fhould come vnto him: and if they did ftay - him, that hee would aduertife him thereof by writing. | | V2 The Pr A 3 ’ ® ‘ ti Aays. Chilano, Nilco. nak ThAfiameetriedat The Indian went with the letter, and cameagain with- out any more anfwere,then,on the back fide,his name and his feale,that they might know he wasaliue. The Gouernour fent twelue horfemen to feeke him: but he,which had his fpies,fo hid himfelfe,that they could _ not find him. For want of Maiz the Gouernour could not {tay any longer to feeke him. Hee departed from Chaguete,and pafled the Riuer by _4ays, going downe by ithee founda towne called Chilano, which as yet they had notfeen. They came to Nilo, & found fo lit- tle Maiz,as could not fuffice till they made their fhips; becaufe the Chriftians,being in Guachoyain the feede time, the Indians for feare of them durft notcometo fow the grounds: of Nilco: and they knew not there- about any other countrie where any Maiz was: and that was the moft fruitful foile that was thereaway, and where they had moft hopeto findeit. Euery one was confounded, and the moft part thoughe it bad counfell to come backe from the River of Daycao, and not to haue followed their fortune, going that way that went ouer land. For by Sea it feemed impoffible tofauethemfelues, vnieffe God would worke a mi- racle for them : for there was neither Pilot, nor Sea- _ chart, neither did they know where the Riuer entred _ into the Sea, neither had they notice of it,neitherhad they any thing wherewith to make failes,nor any ftore of Enequem, which is a grafle whereof they make Okam,which grew there: and that which they found they faued to calke the Pinaces withall, neither had they any thing to.pirch them withall : neither could they make fhips of fuch fubftance, butthatany ftorme | would put thé in great danger: and they feared much” ie would fall out with them,as it did with Pamphilo de | Naruaez, haat Ng ai iNerit DONS ete Ry es RTE Wp BAe Neaioan Samadi INAdG eaten ent et My am, | SEC in Sree bie BSS SSSA a is ae Ce RS ete a Et SO ete oa eA a : 2 ty ies Wi ta next adioyning to Virginia. Naruaez, which was caft away vpon that coaft: And aboueall other it troubled theni moft,that they could finde no Maiz : for without it they could not bee fu- ftained, nor could doe any thing that they had neede of, All of them were put to great confufion. Their chiefe remedy was to committhem{elues to God,and to befeeeh him that he would direé& them the way that’ they might fauetheir lives. And it pleafed him of his goodneffe,that the Indians of Nico came peaceablie, and told them, that.two daies iourney from thence, neere vnto the Great Riuer,were two townes, where- of the Chriftians had no notice, and thatthe province was called (Minoya,and wasa fruitfull foile : that,whe- ther at this prefent there was any Maiz or no, they knew not,becaufe they had warre with them: but that they would be very glad with the favour of the Chri- ftians to goe and fpoyle them. The Gouernour {ent a Captaine thitherwith horfemenandfootmen,andthe Indians of Nélco with him. Hee came to CHinoya, and Minoys. found two great townes feated ina plaine and. open Two great foile,halfe a league diftant,onein fight of another,and “°"""* in them he tooke many Indians,and found great{tore of Maiz. Prefently he lodged in one of them, and fent word to the Gouernour what hee had found : where- with they were all exceeding glad. They departed from Nilo in the beginning of December; and all that The begin- way,and before from Chilane, they endured much p08 of De trouble: for they paffed through many waters, and many times it rained with a Northren winde, and was Raine with ; exceeding cold, fo that they were in the open field Norra with water ouerand vnderneath them: and when at nee day the end of their daies iourney they found drieground toreft vpon,they gaue great thanksto God. With this | SOS ee eas trouble Keer: The death of Andrew Va(- concelos, me Aficaelte Florida, trouble almoft all the Indians that ferued them died. And after they were in Minoya, many Chriftians alfo died : and the moft part were ficke of greatand dange- rous difeafes, which hada {pice of the lethargie. Ac this place died Andrew deVafconcelos, and two Portu- gals of E/zas,which were very neerehim.: which were ~ brethren,and by their furname called Sot#. The Chri- ftians lodged in one of the townes, which they liked beft : which was fenfedabout, and diftant a quarter ofa league fromthe Great River. The Maiz that was in the othertowne was broughtthither; andin all it was c{teemed to bee 6000. hanegs or bufhels. And there was the beft timber to make fhips, that they had feene inall the land of Florida: wherefore allof them gaue God great thankes for fo fingular a fauour; and hoped that thatwhich they defired would take effect, which was, that they might {afely bee conducted into E the land of the Chriftians. | | Cap. | XX xX VIL iy , How there were feuen Brigandines builded, and how they. departed from Minoya. pag Sfoone as they came to Minoya, the *4| Gouernor commanded them to-ga- Ye s\)| ther all the chaines together, which | BAW Fae) W/4| cuerie one had to lead “Indians ins NG gA1254, %) || and to gather al the yronwhich they | eet ae ES) had forthcir prouifion,and al the reft _ that was inthe Camp: and to fet vpa forgeto make nailes,and commanded them to.cut downe timber for the brigandines.And a Portugall of Ceuta,who hauing | bina prifonerin Fe%,had learned to {aw timber with a : | - long. next adioyning toUirginia. — 15% Jong faw, which for fuch Hite they had carried with them,did teach others,which helped him to faw timber. And aGenxews, whom it pleafed God to pre- ferue (for without him they had neuer come out of | the countrie: for there was neuer another that could make fhips but hee). with foure or flue other Bé{caine carpenters, which hewed his plancks and other tim- bers,made the brigandines: Andtwo calkers,the one of Gewaa,the other-of Sardinia did calke them with the tow ofan hearb like hempe,. whereof before I haue Enequenisan made mention,which there isnamed Encquen. And hetbe like becaufe there was not enough of it, they calked them with the flaxe of the Countrie, and with the mantles, Flaxe ot the . Hempe. which they rauelled for that purpofe.A cooper which counte- they had among them fell ficke,and was at the point of death: and there was none other that had any skillin that trade: it pleafed God to fend him his health: And albeithe wasverie weake, and could not labour; yet 15. daies before they departed, he made for every. bri- gandine two halfe hogs heads,which the mariners call | quarterets,becaufe foure of them hold a pipe of water. The Indians which dwelttwo dates iournieaboue the Tapuanate. Riverina Prouince called Taguanate, and likewi thofe of Nilco and Guacoya,and others their neighbours fecine the brigandines in making, thinking, becaufe their places of refugeare in the water, that they were to gocto fecke them ; and becaufe the Gouernour de- manded mantles of them, as neceflarie for {ailes, came many times, and brought many mantles, and great ftore of fifh.. And for certaine it feemed that God was willing to fauour them in fo great neceffitie, mooning the minds of the Indians to bring them: for to goeto take them, they. were neuer able. For in the towne fe two daies tourney aboue Minoya.: . where - 32 , The difcouerie of Florida, where they were, affoone as winter came in,they were fo inclofed and compaffed with water,y they could go no farther by land, then a league, & a league & an half. Andtf they would go father,they could carrie no hor- The great vie fes, & without thé they were notable to fight with the ofhorfes. = Malberrie trees, . The mightie increafing of the Riuer for two moneths {pace,co wit, ail March an April, d Indians,becaufe they were many: and fo many for fo many on foote they had the aduantage of them by wa- terand by land, becaufe they were more apt and ligh- ter,and by reafon of the difpofition of the Countrie; which was according to their defire for the vfe of their warre. [hey broughtalfo fome cords,and thole which. wanted for cables were made of the barkes of Mulber- rie trees. They made ftirrops of wood, & made ankers of their ftirrops. Inthe moneth of March, when it had not rained a moneth before,the Riuer grew fobig,that itcame to Nélco, which was nine leagues off: and on the other fide, the Indians faid, that it reached other nine leagues into the land. Inthe towne where the. Chriftians were, which was fomewhat high ground, where they could beft goe, the water reached tothe {tirrops. They made certaine rafts of timber, and laid manie boughes vpon them, wheron they fertheir hor- fes,and in the boufes they did the like. But feeing that nothing preuailed, they went vp to thelofts: and if they went out of the houfes, it wasin canoes, oron horfeback in thofe places where the ground was hicft. So they were two moneths,and could doe nothing, during which time the Riuer decreafednot. The In- - dians ceafed not to come vnto the brigantines as they _Were wont,and came in canoes. Atthat time the Go- uernour feared they would fetvpon him. Hee com- manded his men to take an Indian fecretly of thofe that came to the towne, and to ftay him till the reft. : | : oo. were 3 tye A . Aa ENE SYS NR ares Sita eas i next adtoyningtoUirginia. 153 were gone: and they tooke one. The Gouernour commanded him to bee put to torture, to make him confeffe, whether the Indians did praétife any treafon: orno. Hee confeffed that the Caciques of Nico, Gua- Theerand choya, &T aguanate,and others,which inal were about the hunnes a0. Caciques, witha great number of people, deter-gainftthe — mined to come vpon him,and that three daies before, C205. they would{enda great prefent of fifhto colour their great treafon and malice, and on the verie day they would fend fome Indians before with another prefent: Andthefe with thofe which were our flaues, which Note well, were of their confpiracie alfo,fhould fet the houfes on fire, and firft of all poffeffe themfelues of the lances which ftoodat the doores of the houfes; andthe Ca- ciques with all their men fhould bee necre the towne in ambufh in the wood, and whenthey faw the fire kindled, fhould come, and make an end of the con- queft. The Gouernour commanded the Indian tobe kept ina chaine,and the felfefame day that he {pake of, there came 30. Indians with fifh. Hee commanded theirright hands to be cut off, and fent them fo backe Thirtie Indi- ‘tothe Cacique of Guachoya,whofe menthey were. He oh ani fenthim word,that he andthe reft fhould come when seaoa have they would,for he defired nothing more, and that hee Pee" fhould know,that they thought not any thing which ati as iti he knew not before they thought of it. Hereupon they | allwereputina very greatfeare:: And the Caciques of Nilco and Taguanate came to excufe themfelues : anda few daies after came he of Guachoya,and a princi- pal Indian and his fubie, faid,he knew by certaine in- | formation, That the Caciques of Nico and T agnanate -wereagreed to come and make warre vponthe Chri- ftians. Affooneasy Indians came from Né/co, the Go- at Aye ew uernour == _ Taguanate : : . ae took many men and women,and mantles,which with _ 154. | Dhedifcouerie of Florida, uernour examined them, and they confefled it was true. Hee deliuered them prefently tothe principall man of Geachoya, which drew them out of the towne and killed them. Another day came fome fromTa- Theright gwanate, and confeffed it likewife. The Gouernour rye: and Ro commanded their right hands and nofes tobe cut off, es of trattours : ‘s eut off, and fent them to the Cacique, wherewith they of Guachoya remained very well contented : and they came oftentimes with prefents of mantles and fifh,and Hogecsin hogs,whichbred in the Countrie of fome fwine that Florida. were loft by the way the laft yeere. Afloone asthe wa- ters were flaked, they perfwaded the Gouernour to fend men toT agwanate: They came and bronght ca- noes, wherein the footemen were conucied downe the River, and a Captaine with horfemen went by land ; and the Indians of Gaachoya, which guidedhim, ~ till they came to Tagmanate, aflaulted the towne, and thofe that they had alreadie were fufficient to {upplie their want. The brigandines being finifhedin the mo- June. neth of June, the Indians hauing told vs, That the Ri- anc tea, wer increafed butonceayeere, when the fnowes did onceaycere melt, inthetime wherein I mentioned it had alreadie whenthe (¢ _ increafed,being nowin fommer, and hauing not rai- melt in March Nd along time,it pleafed God, that the floodcame vp andAprill. tothetowne to feeke the brigandines, from whence A miraculous they carried them by water tothe River. Which, if they had gone by land,had been indanger of breaking and {plitting their keeles, and to beeall vndone; be- eaufe that for want ofiron,the {pikes were fhort, and the planckes and timber were very weake. The Indi- ans of \Minoya, during the time that they were there, cameto ferue them (being driuen thereunto by Pals 5) He aa ! sity) acident. ~ next adioyning to Virginia. 155 _ fity)that ofthe Maiz which they had taken from them they would beftow fome crummesvpon them. And becaufe the Countrie was fertill, and the people vied to feed of Maiz,and the Chriftians had gotten all from them that they had, and the people were many, they were not able to fuftaine themfelues. Thole which came to the towne were fo weake and feeble,that they had no flefh lefton their bones: and many came and died neere the towne for pure hunger and weakeneffe. ~The Gouernour commanded vpon grievous punith- ments to giuethem no Maiz. Yet,when they faw that the hogges wanted itnot, and that they had yeelded themfelues to ferue them, & confidering their miferie and wretchednes, hauing pity of thé, they gaue them part of the Maiz which they had. And when the time of their embarkment caine, there was notfufficient to ferue their owneturnes. That which there was, they putinto the brigandines, and into great canoes tied ~ twoandtwotogether. They fhipped 22. of the beft horfes,that were in the Camp,the reft they made dried flefh of and dreffed the hogges which they had in like manner. They departed from ~Minoya the fecond day of Iulie, 1543. | Cuap. XXXVII. As the Chrislians went downe the great Riner on their voyage, the Indians of Quigalta did fet upon them, and what was the faccelfe thereof. = He day before they departed from cafinoya, * they determined to difmiffe al the men & wo- - men of the Countrie,which they had detai- nedias flaues to feruc them, faue fome hundred, little ) i Ke more goo, Slaues. lefcin the ~ Countsie, | They faile - downe Kio Grandefrom Minoya i7. daies before they came ro the mouth ~ thereok. 1536 — Thedifcouerieof Florida, more ot leffe,which the Gouernour embarked,and o- thers whom it pleafed him to permit. And becaufe there were many men of qualitie, whom he could not deny that which he granted toothers,he vied a policy, faying, that they might ferue them as long as they werein the Riuer,but when they carne to the fea, they muft fendthem away for want of water, becaufe they hadbut few veflels. Hetold his friends infecret, that they fhould carrie theirs to Nueva Efpanva: Andall thofe whom hee bare no good will vnto (which were the greater number) ignorant of that which was hid+ den from them, which afterward time difcouered, thinking icinhumanitie for fo little time of feruice, in reward of the great {eruice that they had done them,to carrie them with them, to leaue them flauesto other men out of their owne Countries ; left fue hundred men and women;among whom were many boiesand - girles,which {pake & vnderftood the Spanith tongue. The.moft ef them did nothing but weepe:: which — mooucd great compafiion ; fecing that-all of them with good will would haue become Chriftians, and -were left in {tate of perdition. There went from c7##- 0y4 322 Spaniards in feuen brigandines, well-made, faue that the plankes were thin, becaufe the nailes were fhort,and were not pitched,nor had any decks to keep the water from comming in. In ftead of decks they - laid planks, whereon the mariners might runnetotrim their failes, and the people might refrefh. themfelues aboue and below. The Goucrnour made his Cap- taincs,and gaue to euery one his brigandine, andtook theiroth and their word, that they would obey him, yntll they.came to the land of the Chriftians.. The - ‘Gonernour-teoke one of the brigandines for himfelf, which. - eee elon, Seb * ~ next adioyning to ‘Usrginta. which hebeftliked. The fame day that they departed from «Minoya,they pafled by Guachoya, where the In- dianstarried for them in canoes by the Riuer. Andon the fhore,they had madea greatarbour with boughes: They defired himto.comeon fhores but he exculed himielfejand fo wentalong: The Indians in their ca- noes accompanied him; and comming where an arme of the Riuer declined.on the right hand, they faid, that the Prouince of Quigaita was neere vnto that place, and importuned the Gouernour to fet vpon him, and -thatthey wouldaide him. And becaufe they had {aid, thathe dwelt three daies iournie downethe River, the Gouernour {uppofed that they had plotted{ometrea-_ fon againft him,and there leftthem ;, and wentdowne | with the greateft force ofthe water. The current was . very ftrong,and with the helpe of ores,they went very fwiftly. The firft day they landed in a woodonthe _ left hand of the Riuer, and at-night they withdrew . | themfelues to the brigandines.. The next day they The fecond.. - ‘) ¢ametoatowne, where they weriton fhore, and the“ people that wasin itdurft not tarric. A woman that they tooke there being examined, faid,thatthat towne belonged to aCaciquenamed Haafene{ubiect to Qut Huafene. galta,and that Quigalta tarried for them below in the River with many men. Certainehorfemen went thi- ther, and found fome houfes, wherein was much Maiz.. Immediately:more of them wentthither and tarricd there one day,in which they did.beate out,and Another days. tookeas much Maizasthey needed. While they were there,many Indians came from the nether part ofthe “River, and on the other fide rightagainft them fome- swhat carcleffely fet thenrfelues in orderto fight. The Goucrnour fent in two canoes the croflebowmen : et ae Te that: 58 TLhedifcouerieof Florida, that he had,and as many more as could goe in them. They ran away,and feeing the Spaniards could noto- uertake them, they returned backe,and tooke courage; and comming neerer, making an outcrie, they threat- ned them: and affoone as they departed thence, they went after them, fome in canoes, andfome by land a- long the Riuer; and getting before, comming to a towne that {tood by the Riuers fide, they ioyned al to- gether, making a thew that they would tarrie there, Euerie brigandine towed a canoe faftened to their’ fternes for their particular feruice: Prefently there en- tred men into euerie one of them, which made the In- dians to flie, and burned the towne, The fame day they prefently landed ina great field, where the Indi- The third day, ans durft not tarrie. The next day there were gathered - ¢,, tOgetheran hundred canoes,amone which were fome finicdiie that carried 60. and 70. men, and the principall mens andgteatca- canoes had their tilts, and plumes of white andred a feathers for their enfignes: and they camewithintwo croflcbow thot of the brigandines,and fent three Indie ansina{mall canoe witha fained meflage to view the manner of the brigandines, and what weapons they had. And comming to the fide of the Gouernouts brigandine,one of the Indians entred,and {aid : That the Cacique of Quigalea his Lord, fent him bis commendations, and did let him underfland, that all that the Indians of Guachoya had told him concerning him- felfe,was falfe,and that they had incenfed him, becanfe they were bis enemies ; that he was his fernant, and foould find him fo. ; hice Sabin 0 The Gouernouranfwered him,that he beleenedall that he faid was true,and willed him to tell him,thathe eftéemed his friendfhip very much. Withi this anfwer | - Ps ag they A cowne bur. ned. noes were waiting for them, and from thenceall of them fell downe,and came neere the Spaniards, (hou- ting aloud, and threatning of them. The Gouernour fentlobn de Guzman, which had been a Captaine of footemen in Florida, with 15. armed men in canoes to make them giue way.Afloone as the Indians faw them come, towards them, they divided themf{elues into. two parts, and ftood ftill till the Spaniards came nie them,and when they were come neere them,they ioy- ned together on both fides, taking John de Guzman in the middeft, and them that came firft with him, and with great furie borded them : And as their canoes were bigger,and many of them leaped into the water to ftay them,and to lay hold on the canoes of the Spas niards,and ouerwhelmethem ; {o prefently they ouer- whelmed them. The Chriftians: fell into the water, and with the weight of their armour funke downeé to the bottome: and fome few,thatby {wimming or hol- ding by the canoe could haue faued themfelues, with. _ Oares and ftaues,which they had, they ftrooke them on. » the head.and madethem finke, Wh en they of the bri- gandines faw the ouerthrow, though they went about: to fuccour them, yet through the current of the Ri- uer they could not goe backe. Foure Spaniards fled to the brigandine that was neereft tothe canoes; and on- ly thefe efcaped of thofethat cameamong the Indians. next adioyningto Virginia. 159 they returned tothe place where the reft in theirca- c » b3 : 4 A They were cleuen that died there : among whom Hany Spa- John de GuXman was one,and a fonne of Don Carlos,cal: hig rights: Ned John de Vargas: the reftal(o were perfons of accofit The death of and men. of great courage... Thofe that efcaped by lobn de Guz-. fwinaming, faid, that they faw the Indians enter the™ CANnoe€: Cs 25.Spaniards wounded. The great vie of large tar- gels. {60 ‘The ds Vouerie of Florida: canoe of Iohn de Guzman at the fterne of one of their canoes, and whether they carried him away | dead Or aliue they could not certainly tell. 3 Cuar. XX XVIII _ Which declareth how they were fates by the Indians. eae He Indians, feeing river nat ‘got- aCe gta ten the victotie,tooke {uch courage, pox!) that they affa alted them in the bri- 4 -gandines, which they durftnotdoe #6) before. They came firft to that bri- SNe sca’ gandine wherein’ Ca/deron went for Capitaine, and wasin the rereward : andatthe firft vo- lie of arrowesthey wounded 25 men. There were on- ly foure armed men in this brigandine: thefe did ftand at the brigandines fide to ‘defend it. Thofe that were vnarmed, fecing how they hurt them, left theii oares and went vnder the deck: whereupon the brigandine began to croffe, and to goe where the current of the flreame carried it: One of theatmed men feeing this, without the commandement of the Captaine, madea footman totakean oareand ftirre the brigandine, hee ftanding before him and defending him with histar- get. The Indians came no neeref then a bowfhot,from whence they offended and were not offended: recei- ving no hurt : for in every brigandine: ‘was Bit ¢ one crof{ebow, and thofe which wee had weré very much -outof order. So that the Chriftians did nothing elfe but ftand for abutte to receine their arrowes.: Hauing a ear this brigandine they wentto sabeies, and fought yOnEs * eewith withit halfeian houre;and fo fromoneto anothetthey fought with them all. ‘The Chriftiass had mattes to Jay vnder them, which were double,and fo clofe and ftrong,that noarrow wentthorowthem.Aad afloone ~ as the Indians: gaue: them leifure, theyfenfed the bri: gandines with them. And theIndians feaing thatthey ten could not fhoote leuell;fhot their arrowes at randon vpinto theaire, which’ fell into the: brigandines, and hortfome of the men and not therewith contented, they fought to gertothem which werein the icanoes withthe horfess Thofe of the brigandinesenuitoned them to defend them, and 'tooke them among them. ‘Thus feeing themfelues much vexed by them, sand fo syearied that they:could' no longer endureit, they de- terminedtotravell all the night following, thinking tH cn get beyond the countrie oF Quigalta, and that they wouldleaue them : but when they thought leatt of it, _ fuppofing they had now left them, they heard:yvery neere them {or great outcriesy that they made them deafe, and fo they followedivs all that night; and'the next day tillnoone, by which time we were come in- , tothe countrie of others, whom they defired to vie vs after thefamemanner; and fo they did. The men of uirice. * Quigalta recurned-homes and theiothersin fiftieca- noes fought with vsa whole day and a night:and they entred onc of the brigandines, that-came in the rere- ward by the canoe, which {he had at her fterne, and tdoké away a woman which. they found init, and af- terward hurt fome of the men of the brigandines. Thofe which came with the horfes in the canoes,be- ing wearie with rowing night and day, lingered "be hind; and prefently the Indians came vpon them, and theyrof the brigandinestarried for them. The Gouer- Ye nour nextadioyning to Virginia. 165 Strong mats a good de- ce againtt airowes, wageit Pro- 162, .Tbhedifconerieof Florida, nour réfoluedtogoe on fhore and to kill the horfes, becaufe of the flow way which they:made' becaufe of them. Affoone as they fawa place conuenient for ir, Spee they went thither and killed the horfes,and brought ~ °°" the flefh of them to.drie:it aboord, Eoureior fue of | them remained on fhorealiue: the Indians went vnto them,afrer the Spaniards were embarked. The horfes were not acquainted with them,and began to neigh, andrunne vpanddowne,in fuch fort,that the Indians, for feare of them; leapedinto the water : und:getting into their.canoes went after the brigandines, fhooting cruelly at them. They followed:vs that evening and the night following till the next day at tenne of the clocke,andthen:returned vp the Riuer.Prefently from A final owne. afinall eowne that ftood: vpon the Riuercame feuen canoes,and followed vsa little way downe the Riuer, fhooting atvs : but feeing they were fo few that they could.doe vs but little harme, they returned to their towne. Fromthence forward, vnullthey came to the They failed Sea, they had no encounter. They failed downethe x7- dates pi River feuenteene daies : which may be two hundred ucr,whichis and fifty leagues tourney, little more or lefle:and neere et 259+. vntotheSea the Riueris diuid edinto two armes;each mee of them is aleague and an halfe broad. S- | Crap. XXXIX. | 3 How they. came unto the fea: and what happened unto hnie liber ouch ee oem £4 Alfea league before they cameto the fea,they 2% came to ankerroreftthemfelues there about <.a day: for they were very weary with rowing and wae! Se ae Re, Se AS a Pe Tah MS Oe Seren ae Sea peng RE es oe parecer alt a —————E oe ua eLearn SO eB DSR ear ‘ r : : ‘ F rue ; F " ‘oy = next adtoyning to Virginia. 163 and out of heart. For by the {paceof- many daies they had eaten nothing but parched and fodden Maiz which they had by allowance cuery day an headpeece ful by ftrike for euery three mé.While they rode there at anker feuen canoes of Indians came to fet vpathofe, which they brought with them. The Gouernour com- manded armed men to go aboord them, and todriue them farther off. They camealioagainft them by land throughathick wood, and a moorifh ground,and had ftaues with very fharp forked heads made of thebones of fifhes, and fought verie valiantly with vs, which wentout toencounterthem. And theother thatcame in canoes with their arrowes ftaied for them that came againft them, and at their comming both thofe that were on land,and thofe in the canoes wounded fome ofvs: And feeing vs come neere them, they turned their backs and like {wift horfes among footemen gat away from vs; making. fome returnes, and reuniting themf{clues together,going not paftabow fhot off :for in fo retiring they thor, without receiuing any hurt of the Chriftians. For though they had fome bowes, yet they could notvfethem; and brake their armes with rowing to. ouertake them. ‘And the Indians eafily in their compaffe went with their canoes, ftaying and wheeling aboutas ithad been in askirmifh,perceiuing | thar thofe that came againft them could not offend them. Andthe morethey ftroue to come neere them, the morehurtthey receiued. Affooneas they had dri- ven them farther off,they returned tothe brigandines. They {tried two daics there : And departed from thence vnto the place,where the arme of the River en- treth into thefea. They founded in the Riuerneere vnto the Sea, and found 40. fathoms water. They 7 Yi2 ftaicd | | 164. ‘The difcouerte of Filibideps ftaiéd thete. Andthe Gouernotr commanded al and fingular perfons to:fpeake their minds touching their voiage, whether it were beft to crofle ouer to. Waewa Ef- panna, committing théfeluesto the hie fea,or whether they fhould keepe “along thecoaft. ‘There werefindry “opinions touching this matter: wherein John Danu(co, which prefumed much, and tooke much vpon him in theknowledge of navigation, and matters of the fea; although hee had burlittle: experience, mooued the Goucrnour with bis:talke: and his opinion was {e- conded by fome others. And they afhrmed,thatit was much better to: pafie by the hie fea, and croffe the eulfe,which was three of foure parts the lefler trauell, becaufein goingalong§ coaft, they wenta great way about, by reafon of the compatle, which the land did make. iobn Danufcofaid,that he had feene the feacard, and that from the place where they were,the coaft ran Eaftand Weft ynto Rio de las Palmas ; and from Riode las Palmasto Nueua Efpannafrom North toSouth:and therefore in failing alwaies in fight of land would bee a great compafling about and fpending of much time; &that they would bein greatdangerto be onertaken with winter before:tbey fhould eet tothe land of the Chriftians: and thatin to. or12: daiesfpace, haning 2ood weather,they might bee there in crofling ouer. The mot part were againtt this opinion,and faid, that it was more fafe to goalong the coaft,though they ftai- edthe longer: becaufe their fhips were very weake and without decks, fo thata very little ftormewase- nough to caftthem away : and if they fhould be hin- dred with calmes, or contratie weather, through the {mall ftore ofvefiels whichthey had.to carrie waterin, be fhould likewife fall into great danger : and that f ee —— ; — nextadtoyningto Virginia. 165 although thefhips were fuch as they might venturein them, yethauing neither Pilot nor Seacard to guide them{elues,it was no good counfell to crofle the gulfe. This opinion was confirmed by the greateft part’: and they agreed to go along the coaft.. At the time where- in they fought to depart from thence, the cable of the anker of the Gouernours brigandine brake,and the an- ker remained in the River. And albeit, they were neere the fhore, yet it was fo deepe,that the Diuers di- ving many times could neuer findit: which caufed ereatfadnesin the Gouernour, and in all thofe that went with him in his brigandine: But witha grind- ftone whichthey had, and certaine bridles which re- mained tofomeofthe Gentlemen, and men of wor- fhip which-had horfes; they made a weight which fer- ued in ftead of an:anker. The 18. of Iuly, they went foorth to fea with faire and profperous weather for theirvoiage. Andfeeing that they were gonetwo ot three leaguesfrom thefhore; the Captaines of the o- ther brigandines ouertookethem, and asked the Go- vernour,wherefore hedid put off from the fhore and that ifhe wouldleaue the coaft, hefhould fay fo ; and he fhould not do itwithout the confent ofall:and that ifhee did otherwife, they would not follow him, but that every one would doe what feemed beft vnto him- vp PN EL ee PO aaa eee 6 Ser SORA Sa US tes St pee Oe digg WE ea Aa Re AIRE Ns ee Ns DURA ged Oe i ie ne) ee Se r . 2 1k ° n ‘ + Se ai Beat aaa Waco ay “Peg They landed: the 30. of May, 1439. Chap. 7. they: went foorthto fea: luly 18. 15430 felfe. The Gouernour anfwered, that hee would doe nothing without their countell, butthatheedidbeare off from the land to faile the better and {afer by night’; and that the next day when time ferued, he would re- turne to the fight of land againe. They failed with a reafonable good wind that day and the night follow- ing,and the next day till euening fong, alwaies in frefh water whereat they wondred much: forthey were ¥ 3 verle Frefh water als molt two daies: failing inthe: Seay. The coaft fhallow. Certaine ereckes where they refted a night. Anopen Roade. 166 Lhe dsfcoucrie of Florida, very farre from land. But the force of the current of the Riuer is fo great, and the coaft thereis fo fhallow and gentle, that the frefh water entreth farre into the Sea. That euening on their sight hand they faw cer- taine creekes, whither they went, and refted there that night : where John Danufco with his reafons wonne them atlaft, that all confented and agreed to commit themfelues to the maine Sea,alleaging,as hehaddone before, that it was a great aduantage, and that their voyage would be much fhorter. They failed two daies, and when they would haue come to fight of land they could not,for the winde blew from the fhore. On the fourth day, feeing their frefh water began to faile, fea: ring neceflitieand danger, they all complained of Zohn Danufco,and of the Gouernour that followed his coun: fell: and euery one of the Captaines faid, that they would no more goe from the thore, though the Go- uernour went whither he would. It pleafed God ‘that the winde changed though buta litte: andar the end of foure daies after they had put to fea, being alreadie deftitute of water,by force of rowing they got within fight of land,and with great trouble recouered it,inan open roade. That euening the winde came to the South,which on that coaftis a crofle winde, and draue the brigandines againft the fhore,becauf=it blew ve hard,and the anchors were fo weake,that they yeelded a and beganto bend. The Gouernour commanded all men toleape into the water,and going between them and the fhore, and thrufting the brigandines into the Sea afloone as the waue was paft, they faued them till the winde ceafed. Pbnion PRN Crap. Mik oo AE oR i abe Wena PTE NS FE A a Fag aah st ~ SET Stake TESA SNS ate nm yet A va Oana ai Ota Bilan Tie irepa toa UM etc PS ees: VS es We xtadioyningto‘Usrginia. 167 ne ae ThocLabuy SURV? Ont fro) me oiniotisge, u, Mt hPeo% Lerod) nc, 90 dango 1d How they loft one another by a florme,and afterward came sogether in a crecke. | epee N the bay where they rode, after the tem- en | peft was paft, they went on fhore, and faa) with mattockes, which they had, they ara | digged certaine pits, which grew full of Freth water is (ie) fh water,where they filled all the cask (ey ee ne which they had. The next day they departed thenee, ing in rou and failed two daies,and entred into a creeke like vnto pee the apoole,fenced from the South winde,which then did Sade blow, and’ was againft them : and there they ftaied foure daies,not being able to. get out: and when the Sea was calmethey rowed out: they failed that day, and toward cuening the winde grew fo ftrong that it draue them on the fhore, and they were foric that they had put foorth from the former harbour : for as. fooneas night approcheda ftorme began to rife in the Sea,and the winde fill waxed more and more violent with a tempeft. The brigandines loft one another: ‘two of them, which bare more into the Sea, entred into an arme of the Sea, which pearced:into the Anarme of land two leagues beyond the place where the other ‘s/e™ were that night. The five which ftaied behinde,being alwaies aleague,and halfea league the one from the: other, met together, withour any knowledge the one of the other,ina wilde roade,where the winde and the waues droue them on fhore : for their anchors did fireighten and came home; and they could notrule their oares, putting feuenoreight mento euery oare, which rowed to feaward : and all the reftleaped ae | a A WEE toade:. A fwarmie of gricuous Mol- kitoese A skumme of the fea like pitch, called Copee. a) ES = AY Cruz, where they take fhipping for 4 —a ry) Se: ~ dolandtogo for Nuena Efpanna. Thele three townes ftand inatriangle: to Wit, Vera Cruz, to the South, Pamuco to the North, and Mexico to the Welt, 60. leagues afunder. The Countrieis {0 inha- bited with Indians, that from towneto towne, thofe which are fartheft, are buta league, and halfea league afunder. Some of them that came from Florida ftaied amoneth in Pawaco toreft themfelues, others fifteene daies,and euery oneaslong ashe lifted: for there was none that {fheweda fower countenance to his euelts, os4F] Spaine,and thofe thatcome from Spaine ee tan Mexico is 60. leagues; and other < but rather gauethem any thing that they had,and fee. _ med to be grieued when they took their leaue. Which was to bebeleeued. Forthe viduals,which the Indi- ans doe pay them for tribute,are more then they can fpend: and in that towne isno commerce ; andthere ~dwele next adsoyning to Virginia, 175 dwelt but few Spaniards there, and they were glad of their companie. The Alcalde Mayor diuided all the Emperours clothes which he had (which there they pay him for his tribute) among thofe that would come toreceiue them. Thofe which had fhirts of maile left,were glad men : for they had a horfe for one fhire of maile : Some horfed themfelues: and fuchas could not (which were the greateft part) tooke their iournie on foote: in which they were well receiued of the In- dians that were in the townes,and better ferued, then they could have beenin their owne houfes, though they had been welltoliue. Forif they asked one hen. ofan Indian,they broughtthem foure: and if they as- ked any of the Countrie fruit,though it were a league _ off, they ran prefently for it. And if any Chriftian found himfelfeuill at eafe,they carried him in a chaire This is the- from one towne to another. In whatfoeuer towne manneroe they came, the Cacique, by an Indian which carti- ric neh mee eda rod of Iuftice in his hand, whom they call Ta- chaires. pile, that is to fay, a fergeant, commanded them to prouide victuals for them, and Indians to beare bur-_ dens of {uch things-as they had, and fuch as were’ needfull to carrie them that were ficke. The Vice-- roy fenta Portugall 20. leagues from Mexico, with reat ftore of fugar, raifons of the Sunne, and con- Prneaana other things fit for ficke folkes, for {uch as. had neede ofthem: and had giuen order to cloth them” allatthe Emperours charges. And their approch being knowne by the citizens of Mexico, they went out of _ the rowneto receiue them: and with great courtefie, . requefting them in fauour tocome to their houfes, ¢- uery one carried fuch as ee met home with “ey | he i ~ lothed | "196 ” The dsfconerie of Florida, = . clothed them every one the beft they could: fo that he which had the meancft appartell, itcoft aboue 30. ducats. As many as were willing to cometo the Vice- royes houfe he commanded to be apparelled,and fuch. as were perfons of qualitie fate at his table: and there wasa table in his houfe for as many ofthe meaner fort as would come to it: and he was prefently informed, who euery one was, to fhew him the couttefie that he deferued.Some of the Céquerors did fet both gentle. men and clownes at their owne table,and many times made the feruant fit cheeke by cheeke by his mafter: and chiefly the officers and men of bafé condition did fo : for thofe which had better education did enquire who euery one was,and made difference of perfons : butall did what they could witha good will: and eue- ry one told them whom they had in their houfes, that they fhouldnot trouble themfelues, nor thinke them- felues the worfe, to take that which they gauethem: for they had bin in the like cafe,and had bin reliened of others, and that this was thecuftome of that coun- trey. God reward them all: and God grant,that thofe which it pleafed him to deliuer outof Florida, and to bring againe into Chriftendome,may ferue him: and vnto thofe that died in that countrey, and vntoall that beleeue in him and confeffe his holy faith,God for his merci fake grant the kingdome of heauen. Amen. ~Cuap, next adioyning to Virginia. 177 ee Cuarp. X LIV. Which declareth fome dinerfities and particularities of _ bheland of Florida : and thefruites, and beafts, and | fowles that are in that Countrie. Rom the Port de Spiritu Santo, where Port de Spi- they landed whenthey entred into Flo. ee - : ; 29. degrees | rida, tothe Prouince of Ocute, which + onthe Wek x SSS) may bee 400. leagues, little more or a of Flo- L222 lefle, is a verie plaine Countrie, and ""* hath many lakes and thicke woods,and in fome places they are of wild pinetrees; andis a weakefoile : There isimit neither Mountaine nor hill. The Countrie of Ocuteis more fat and fruitfull ; ic hath thinner woods, _ andvery goodly medows vpon the Riuers.: Fr6 Ocute Ocuree - to Cutifachiqui may be r30- leagues : 80. leagues there- cuifachi- _ofare defert,and haue many.groues of wild Pine trees. qui. Through the wilderneffe great Riuers doe paffe. From Catifachiquito Xuala,may be 2 50.leagues:itis al an hilly Xuala. _ Countrie. Cutifachiqui and Xnata ftand bothin plaine ground;hie,and haue goodly medows onthe Riuers. From thence forward to Chiaha, Coca, and Talsfe, is Chiaha,Coga, _plaine ground,dry and fat,and very plentifull of Maiz. aber From Xwalato Tafcaluca may be 250. leagues. From Tafcaluga, Tafcaluca to Rie Grande; or ¥ Great Riuer, may be 300. =: leagues : the Countrieis low, and fulloflakes. From Rio Grande forward, the Countrie is hier and more Rio Grande. champion, and beft peopled ofall the land of Florida. And along this Riuer from 4quixoto Pacaha, and Col Aquixo. -goa,are 150. leagues: the Countric is plaine, and the woods thinne, and in fome places champion, very « fruitfull and pleafant. From ae to Antiamaue are Coligoa, ; a. 2500, Autiamque. 178 ©The difcouerte of Florida, 250. leagues of hillie Countrie. From Astiamaue to Aguacay. Aguacay,may be 230. leaguesof plaine ground. From Aguacay tothe Riuer of Daycao 120. leagues, all hillie Countrie. | From the Port de Spiritu Santo vnto Apalache, they Sadia trauelled from Eaft to Weft, and Northweft. From — Cutifachigqui to Xuala from South to North. From Xualato Coca from Eaft to Welt. From Coca to T a/ca- luca,and to Rio Grande, as far asthe Prouinces of QuiX- quix and Aguixofrom Eaft to Welt. From W4qaixo to Pacahatothe North. From Pacabato Talla from Eat to Weft: and from T#U/sto Autiamgue from Northto South,to the Prouince of Gaachoyaand Daycao, The bread which they eateia all the land of Florida Maiz, is of Maiz, which islike courfe millet. And this Maiz is commonin all the Iflandes and Weft Indies from the Antiles forward. There are alfo in. Florida great Walnuts, ftore of Walnuts, and Plummes, Mulberries, and Pumas, — Grapes. They fow and gather their Maizeuery one Grapes, theirfeucrall crop. The fruits arecommontoall: for they grow abroad in the opén fields in great abun- dance, without any neede of planting or dreffing. Cheftauts. WheretherebeMountaines,there be cheftnuts they are fomewhat {maller then rhe cheftnuts of Spaine.Fro Rio Grande Weltward, the Walnuts differ fromthofe soft Walours that grow more Eaftward: for they are\foft, andlike Eabwardo™ yvnto Acornes: Andthofe which grow from Rie Gran- Hard Walnuts ae t0 Puerto del Spiritu Santo for the moft partarehard Wetward andthe treesand Walnuts in thew like thofe of Spaine. Gunde, ‘Thereisafruitthroughall the Countrie which grow- eth ona plant like Ligoacan, which the Indians doe A Peare rial, plant. ‘Thefruit islike vnto Peares Riall: ithathave- . rie good{mell,andan excellent tafte. There groweth Bee pes: -another ; ne . _— nextadtoyning to‘Virginia. 179 another plancinthe open field, which beareth a fruit: like vnto flrawberries, clofe to the ground,which hath strawberries, averie good tafte. The Plummes are of twokindes, Plummés of red and gray, ofthe making and bignefle of nuts, and ‘kinds. haue three or foureftones inthem. Thefeare better — then all the plummes of Spaine, and they make farre better Prunes ofthem. In the Grapes there is onelie want of dreffing : for though they beebig, they haue a greatkirnell. Allother fruits are very perfect, and leffe hurtfull chen thofe of Spine. There are in Florida many Beares, and Lyons, seats. Wolues, Deere, Dogges, Cattes, Marterns and Conies.. < There be many wild Hennesas big as Turkies, Par- Fowlcs. _ ttidges finall like thofe of 4frica, Cranes, Duckes, Pigeons, Thrufhes,and Sparrowes. There are certaine Blacke birds bigger then Sparrows, and leffer then Stares. Thereare Goffe Hawkes, Falcons, Ierfalcons, andall Fowles of prey that are in Spasne. | The Indians are well proportioned. Thofe of the plaine Countries are taller of bodie,and better fhapen, then thofe of the Mountaines. Thofe of theInland haue greater ftoreof Maiz, and commodities of the Countrie, then thofe that dwell vpon the fea coatt. The Countrie along the fea coaft is barren and poore: and the people more warlike. The coaft runneth from Puerto del Spiritu Santo to Tapalache, Eaft and Weft. and from U4palache to Rio de las Palmas from Eaft to Welt : from Rio de las Palmas vito Nuena Efpan- na from North to South. It is a gentle coaft, butit hath many fholdes, and great fhelues of fand. Deo gratias. This. . wo Lheds/conerie of Florida, ’ This Relation of the difcouerie of Frida was prin- ted in the houfe of Andrew de Burgos,Printer and Gen- tleman of the houfe of my Lord ages the In- fante. _ _ Te was finifhed the tenth if Februarie in n the — -yeere one thouland, fiue hundred, — ‘ andfeuen, in the nobleand mott loyall citie oe tb Enord.- \ ASS FINIS. - Sn al _ Ko aye ae PAP DIAZ g ry ra us 2 x RDaleane a: ain Olea Ph» sf Ke s aa pth Sec nile =m AS CS hts oO” . . L AY Ars: if tae SG Seal 3 soa sitadn otocteato slosh hp CHR BRED We —ER SI Le Y VAN GIN Swan Beetros eres Seebocses ee ye esey Alnesiegies x : NOY S45, VAS By oe ¢ t