# G. Open-access and semi-open articles — what was obtained

All files are in `sources/`. Files added for this dossier are marked **[new]**; other files named here were already in the folder and were checked, not re-downloaded.

## Access notes
- quod.lib.umich.edu (WSFH Proceedings, both `/w/wsfh/` and `/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=wsfh`) and catalog/babel.hathitrust.org return a Cloudflare "Just a moment" challenge (HTTP 403) to curl with a browser User-Agent. journals.publishing.umich.edu/wsfh returns an Anubis bot-check page. None could be read.
- Wayback Machine: the CDX API works over https (`https://web.archive.org/cdx/search/cdx?...`; the http:// form is "Blocked by egress policy"); archived pages are served with `https://web.archive.org/web/<ts>id_/<url>`. `archive.org/wayback/available` works.
- Persée: article pages work; `docAsPDF` returns 403 with any User-Agent; the per-page text endpoint works: `https://www.persee.fr/doc/page/<docid>/<docid-with-page>` (URL found in the article page's `data-content-url` attributes). This gave the second pages of both Persée items below.
- Rate limits hit: Google Books API (429, daily quota 0), OpenAlex (daily budget exhausted), Semantic Scholar (429), scholar.archive.org (rate limit). Crossref API works.
- cairn.info: 403 JS challenge. lemonde.fr search: 410. Web search cannot query lemonde.fr, lefigaro.fr, lhistoire.fr, liberation.fr, lexpress.fr, lepoint.fr (crawler blocked by those sites). read.dukeupress.edu, academic.oup.com (curl), noozhawk.com (curl) and masque-de-fer.com (503) refused direct fetches. SUDOC needs a cookie jar (`curl -c/-b`) and then works. BnF SRU (`catalogue.bnf.fr/api/SRU`) works but intermittently resets the connection.

## 1. Sonnino, "On the Trail of the Iron Mask: The Candidacy of Claude Imbert", WSFH Proceedings 19 — NOT OBTAINED
- Routes tried: quod.lib.umich.edu index, `text-idx` and article URLs (Cloudflare 403); HathiTrust catalogue and full-text search (Cloudflare 403); journals.publishing.umich.edu (bot check); Wayback CDX for the whole `/w/wsfh/` tree (1,039 captured URLs: volumes 1-5, 7-9, 11, 13, 15-17, 24-25, 28, 31-48; no capture of any `0642292.0019` page); archive.org (no WSFH Proceedings scanned); Google Books API, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, IA Scholar (rate-limited); Crossref (no DOI for the article).
- The 2013 Wayback capture of `http://quod.lib.umich.edu/w/wsfh/0642292.*` confirms that "Vol. 19 (1991)" is hosted on quod, so the text exists there for anyone with normal browser access.
- Citation discrepancy: Madry's Works Cited gives "Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the WSFH 19 (1992): 89–98" while her in-text citation is "Sonnino 'Imbert' 104"; fr.wikipedia gives vol. 19, 1991, pp. 99-108; Sonnino's own CV (sonnino_cv_2016_ucsb.txt, revised 10 March 2016) gives "Vol. XIX pp. 261-272" with no year. Crossref lists the reworked version as chapter 2 of the 2016 book, "The Candidacy of Claude Imbert", pp. 27-36 (DOI 10.5040/9798216457824.ch-002; in copyright, not downloaded).
- Secondhand content: Madry (p. 4) says the 1992 article presented Imbert as "a likely candidate" while Sonnino "admits that the archives produced an échec for his suspect". The archive.org search fragments of Sonnino 2016 (sonnino_2016_snippets.md, lines 284-288, 339, 366, 630) show what the candidacy was and why it failed: Imbert was an agent of Cardinal de Retz (instrumental in Retz's escape in 1654), later linked to Fouquet-Croissy and supposedly given "a new identity and, in due time, ... a new life as a valet"; Sonnino then "found Imbert, alive and kicking in 1675, 1679, and 1681", after which "the candidacy of Claude Imbert blew up in my face".

## 2. Other Sonnino statements before/around the 2016 book
- **[new] sonnino_1998_deseret_news_nyt_news_service_interview.txt** — Barry Bortnick (NYT News Service), Deseret News, 30 March 1998, full text. https://www.deseret.com/1998/3/30/19371758/california-historian-hopes-to-find-truth-behind-french-iron-mask/ . Sonnino says he has searched since 1989; the prisoner was "a valet named Estache Dauger", "a flunky", "a gofer", punished "for blabbing about the secrets of his betters"; he claims to have found the secret but will not publish until "every hole in the theory is closed"; the "smoking gun" is the identity of Dauger's employer.
- **[new] sonnino_2014_fhs_three_testaments_abstract_crossref.txt** — abstract (English and French) of "The Three Testaments of Cardinal Mazarin", French Historical Studies 37:3 (2014), 421-436, DOI 10.1215/00161071-2689643 (full text paywalled; Duke page returns 403). Argument: Mazarin's testament survives in three texts of different lengths; the additions in the two longer texts were inserted after Mazarin's death under Colbert's direction; this forgery is "part and parcel of the solution" to the Iron Mask mystery. This is the only pre-2016 Sonnino publication on the subject apart from the 1992 WSFH article; his CV lists no other.
- UCSB press release, 29 April 2016 ("Professor Sonnino Solves 17th-Century Case...") — already saved as sonnino_2016_ucsb_history_dept_interview.txt (page dump with menus; text identical to the UCSB Current piece of 27 April 2016, sonnino_2016_ucsb_current_interview.txt, and to Live Science, sonnino_2016_livescience_interview.txt). Identification stated: Dauger was "the valet of the treasurer of the late Cardinal Mazarin" [Antoine-Hercule Picon]; the secret: "Mazarin had ripped off some of his huge fortune from the previous king and queen of England, and ... Eustache was arrested years later just as Louis XIV was trying to con their son, the present king of England, into joining him in a war. Dauger must have blabbed at the wrong time"; on arrest he was told he would be killed if he revealed his identity.
- **[new] sonnino_2016-2017_press_and_review_summaries_parrott_noozhawk.txt** — summaries (not verbatim pages) of David Parrott's review, French History 31:1 (2017) 122, DOI 10.1093/fh/crw073 (Dauger "a valet by profession" working for Antoine-Hercule Picon, one of Colbert's close associates; imprisonment explained by his knowledge of the tampering with Mazarin's will after 1661), and of the Noozhawk reprint of the UCSB release (9 May 2016). No podcast, lecture or interview transcript beyond these exists online as far as searches show; the "Based on a True Story" podcast (ep. 89, 2018) only quotes Live Science.

## 3. Madry, "The Valet: The Marquis de Louvois's Invited Guest...", Cahiers du dix-septième 17 (2016), 1-27 — FULL TEXT (already in folder)
- Files: madry2016_valet_cahiers17.pdf (= madry_2016_cahiers17_the_valet_louvois_invited_guest.pdf, identical md5 81f0bb3a...) and .txt extractions. Verified against the journal's OJS copy (identical md5, 561,236 bytes): https://ojs.lib.uwo.ca/index.php/cahiers17e/article/download/21651/16875/55855 . Article page: https://earlymodernfrance.org/journal/2016-volume-xvii/valet-marquis-louvois%E2%80%99s-invited-guest-mystery-man-iron-mask (the bare `/journal/2016-volume-xvii/` URL returns 404). Whole-volume PDF (1.36 MB, not downloaded): https://www.earlymodernfrance.org/files/Cahiers17_17(2016).pdf . Sarah Madry is an independent scholar, Chapel Hill, NC.
- Argument. Louvois's phrase "comme ce n'est qu'un valet" in his letter to Saint-Mars of 19 July 1669 (text pp. 8-9, from Delort, Détention des philosophes I, 155-56) is not a description of the prisoner's occupation but a pun, and it shows Louvois knew nothing about the prisoner except his name (pp. 1-2, 20). The pun (pp. 13-16): the prisoner's name had many spellings (Noone 212: Daugier, Doger, Dogier, d'Auger, d'Augier, d'Oger, d'Ogier...); French playing cards named the Jack of Spades "Hogier" (Ogier le Danois), and the Jack is in French the "valet"; "valet" was also a current insult (Héroard; Condé called "valet de Mazarin"). The real target (pp. 17-18): Louis d'Auger de Cavoye, Louvois's successful rival in 1668 for Marie-Sidonie de Lenoncourt, marquise de Courcelles (source: Pougin's 1855 edition of her memoirs and Hillairet's Dictionnaire des rues de Paris, II, 501); Cavoye was jailed for duelling in July 1668 and the Courcelles adultery case ran in 1669, so Louvois was mocking Cavoye, and Saint-Mars (whose wife's sister was Louvois's mistress, n. 7) would have got the joke. Conclusions (pp. 20-22): Louvois had no background knowledge of the prisoner on 19 July 1669; the spelling is "Dauger", not Caire's and Petitfils's "Danger" (p. 21, n. 3); "Eustache Dauger" was the name Louis XIV believed real, since Louvois would not pun on an invented alias; Louis XIV kept the secret from Le Tellier, Louvois and Saint-Mars alike; the prisoner "was as likely a valet as he was a shoemaker or a bureaucrat" (p. 22). Consequence (pp. 23-24): the "valet" no longer bars a Bourbon blood-relation hypothesis, and historians must keep asking why Louis XIV imprisoned him. Ancillary data used: Brugnon's Mélanges Colbert reimbursement order for Vauroy's escort, quoted via Vergé-Franceschi 261 (pp. 9-10); Du Junca's register (Arsenal ms 5133, f. 37v) (p. 3). No new archival document is produced; the evidence is printed sources, playing-card decks on Gallica (Trioullier, 1760s) and Ranum on card games.

## 4. Mongrédien, "Le problème du Masque de fer" [sommaire: "Deux documents inédits sur le Masque de Fer"], XVIIe siècle 17-18 (1953), 55-58 — OCR CHECKED, complete and legible
- mongredien1953_xviie_siecle_17-18.txt, lines c. 3676-3932 (p. 55 begins "Dans un livre solidement documenté, M. Maurice Duvivier"; running heads "LE PROBLÈME DU MASQUE DE FER 57" and "58"; ends "Georges MONGRÉDIEN" before "Le sens de l'Apologie de Pascal"). The same pages are in mongredien_1953_xviie_siecle_deux_documents_inedits_extract.txt and in xviie_siecle_1953_nos17-18_full_issue_djvu.txt. OCR noise is limited to stray marks at line starts and a few garbled words; every sentence is readable, so no better copy was sought.
- Content: p. 55 — Duvivier (1932) took Lair's Eustache Dauger and identified him with Eustache Dauger de Cavoye; Mongrédien (1951, pp. 211-219) had rejected this as "un fragile échafaudage d'hypothèses". pp. 56-58 — two documents from the archives of the baronne de Sarret de Coussergues: Eustache de Cavoye's letter to his sister the marquise de Fabrègues, Saint-Lazare, 20 June 1678 ("détenu depuis plus de dix ans par la tirannie de M. de Cavoy mon frère"), and his undated petition to the King ("destenu dans les prisons de St Lazare par une lettre de cachet de Vostre Majesté depuis unze ans et demy"). Footnotes give the family acts (will of 6 May 1664; cession of 15 August 1665; Louis de Cavoye's arrest 5 July 1668; the role of Clérac). Conclusion p. 58: Cavoye entered Saint-Lazare in 1668 and was still there in 1680, so he cannot have been at Pignerol from 1669; the valet Eustache Dauger "a toutes les chances d'être le prisonnier masqué mort à la Bastille en 1703", whose story "restera sans doute toujours mystérieuse".

## 5. Reviews of Petitfils, Le Masque de fer (2003/2004)
- **[new] review_venturino_2005_dhs37_petitfils_complete_pp645-646.txt** — Diego Venturino, Dix-huitième Siècle 37 (2005), 645-646, now complete (the earlier file review_venturino_persee_2005_petitfils.txt stopped at the end of p. 645). https://www.persee.fr/doc/dhs_0070-6760_2005_num_37_1_2699_t1_0645_0000_2 . Identification as stated by the reviewer: the prisoner "s'appelait Eustache Danger, valet de Henriette d'Angleterre, Madame", active during the secret Louis XIV–Charles II negotiations; "Très probablement Eustache avait vu des pièces qu'il ne fallait pas voir et, craignant son indiscrétion, Louis XIV avait décidé de le faire disparaître"; "l'identité du Masque de fer est dévoilée, mais les raisons de l'emprisonnement demeurent inconnues" (p. 645). Secrecy/mask: Saint-Mars surrounded the prisoner with mystery to raise his own prestige; "on cachait le prisonnier non parce qu'il était connu, mais parce qu'il était inconnu et, au fond, sans importance depuis les années 1680"; Barbezieux's hoax that he was the king's brother; Voltaire's Siècle de Louis XIV (p. 645); p. 646: the legend's afterlife; "cet ouvrage marque une étape décisive".
- review_genet_hnet_2004_petitfils.txt (already in folder) — Stéphane Genet, H-Francais, October 2003, on the 2003 Perrin edition: thesis 1, Eustache Danger, "humble valet affecté au service de Madame, Henriette d'Angleterre", who had handled secret documents on Charles II's conversion and the Franco-English alliance against the United Provinces and "aurait été trop bavard (auprès des Hollandais ?)", arrested at Calais; thesis 2, the mask was a mystification by Saint-Mars, bored at Exilles without a prisoner "de valeur", never requested by Louvois or Barbezieux, worn only in public; Barbezieux's boast; Voltaire.
- Not found: reviews in XVIIe siècle, Revue historique, Histoire économie et société, Annales, Le Monde or Le Figaro 2003-2004. Persée full-text search for "Petitfils 'Masque de fer'" returns only Venturino; Cairn and the newspapers are not reachable from here (see access notes).

## 6. Batiffol, review of Burgaud and Bazeries, BEC 55 (1894), 359-360 — FULL TEXT, both pages
- **[new] batiffol1894_bec55_pp359-360_review_burgaud_bazeries.txt** — from the archive.org OCR of the Toronto copy (https://archive.org/details/bibliothquedel55sociuoft, djvu.txt lines 19827-19870) and, for p. 360, the Persée per-page endpoint (https://www.persee.fr/doc/page/bec_0373-6237_1894_num_55_1_447793_t1_0359_0000_2/bec_0373-6237_1894_num_55_1_T1_0360_0000).
- Content: the Bulonde thesis rests entirely on reading the unexplained cipher group 330 in Louvois's dispatch to Catinat of 8 July 1691 as "avec un masque"; "Ils n'ont pas d'autre preuve" (p. 359); the identity of an unimportant man barely known to contemporaries would not have been surrounded with such mystery; and the thesis is provably false, because Bulonde would have to have died on 19 November 1703, whereas the dossier Labbé de Bulonde in the Cabinet des titres (pièces originales t. 1612, dossier 37417) has at n° 22 a receipt by Bulonde dated 28 November 1705 and at n° 10 a note that he died in 1709 (pp. 359-360). Footnote 1 (p. 360): Geoffroy de Grandmaison had already pointed to these documents in L'Univers of 9 January 1894. The book's merit is the publication of war-archive documents on the Italian campaign and the decipherment of government dispatches.

## 7. Funck-Brentano, "L'homme au masque de velours noir, dit le Masque de fer", Revue historique 56 (1894), 253-303 — VERIFIED and extracted
- **[new] funckbrentano1894_rh56_masque_de_velours_noir_pp253-303.txt** — extracted from revuehistorique1894_vol56.txt (lines 13464-17117; Google-Books-derived OCR). Running heads with page numbers 254-302 are present (some garbled: "264" for 261, "308" for 301); pp. 258-259 and 298-299 occur twice because the scan duplicated those leaves. The article opens under "Mélanges et documents" and ends with the signature and a footnote on Mme Campan's memoirs (Louis XVI told the queen that Maurepas said the prisoner was "un prisonnier d'un caractère très dangereux par son esprit d'intrigue et sujet du duc de Mantoue").
- Identification (pp. 302-303): Mattioli; the "victoire décisive" is Pierre Bertrand's discovery of the minister's name on the Saint-Paul burial register; earlier authors who placed Mattioli under the mask are listed (Heiss, Chambrier, Reth, Roux-Fazillac, Delort, Botta, Baschet, Topin, Saint-Victor, Rousset, Chéruel, Depping). The article prints the Saint-Mars correspondence from the Dépôt de la guerre and the Arsenal (Bastille papers, ms. 10489), pp. 289-299.

## 8. Bernard Caire — references found (none available online in full text)
Sources: Madry's Works Cited; Noone (rev. ed. 1994) and Petitfils (2004) archive.org search fragments (noone_1988_rev1994_snippets.md, petitfils_2004_snippets.md); the Pinerolo 1991 proceedings fragments (pinerolo_1991_colloquium_proceedings_snippets.md); the index of the Bollettino della Società Storica Pinerolese (http://pignerol.altervista.org/indici.htm). SUDOC ("Caire Bernard masque de fer": 0 results), BnF SRU (author "Caire Bernard": no relevant record) and Persée have nothing; nothing found in Revue historique des armées, L'Intermédiaire des chercheurs et curieux, the Annales de la Société scientifique et littéraire de Cannes or the Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de Paris.
- (a) "Eustache et son secret", in Il y a trois siècles... le Masque de fer. Actes du colloque international sur la célèbre énigme (Cannes, 12-13 septembre 1987), Cannes, Office municipal de l'action culturelle et de la communication, 1989, 241 p. (also cited as Cannes, 1988); 2nd ed., Direction des Affaires culturelles de la Ville de Cannes, 1996, pp. 41-49 (Madry). Per Madry n. 3 Caire holds the spelling "Danger"; per Noone, at Cannes Caire "removed all remaining doubt" on the spelling by examining the original first draft (minute) of Louvois's letter [19 July 1669], finding "that the minister had first dictated..." (fragment cut), and for Caire "the secret was something which Danger had seen"; per Petitfils, "Bernard Caire, examinant la minute de cette lettre, a constaté que Louvois, au lieu ..." (fragment cut). The Pinerolo proceedings quote the Cannes paper's point that the name is written "en deux mots: d'Angers".
- (b) "Il était le Masque de fer... Dernières découvertes", Historama n° 55 (septembre 1988), pp. 47-50, following Jean-Christian Petitfils, "Il était le Masque de fer... La fin d'une énigme", ibid., pp. 38-46 (bibliography of the Pinerolo proceedings).
- (c) "Le secret d'Eustache Danger", in Pinerolo, la Maschera di ferro e il suo tempo (proceedings of the Pinerolo colloquium of 13-15 September 1991; contributions by Bonvallet, Patria, Dijol, Caire, Petitfils, Noone, Rochon; Pinerolo, Arti Grafiche), p. 176, Italian summary p. 208. archive.org item pinerololamasche0000unse (lending only; fragments only).
- (d) "Di nuovo sull'enigma della 'Maschera di Ferro'", Bollettino della Società Storica Pinerolese, 2a serie, XIV, 1-2 (1997), p. 46 ff.
- (e) "Chi era il prigioniero di Pierre-Scise?", ibid., XV, 1-2 (1998), p. 16 ff. Petitfils cites it for the possibility that a prisoner was taken to Pierre-Encise (Lyon), and credits Caire with finding "une ordonnance de remboursement montrant qu'un prisonnier autre que celui de [Pignerol] ..." (fragment cut).

## 9. Stanislas Brugnon — references found
- (a) "L'identité de l'homme au masque de fer", in Il y a trois siècles... (Cannes, 1989) — cited in the bibliography of Sonnino 2016 (sonnino_2016_snippets.md, lines 515-516). At Cannes Brugnon produced the "conduite" in the Mélanges Colbert (BnF): Colbert's reimbursement of 3,000 livres to Vauroy for four men Dunkirk-Calais, five men Calais-Pignerol and four men back (Madry pp. 9-10 after Vergé-Franceschi 261; Petitfils 2004; Sonnino 2016 ch. "Calais"), and, per Noone, "a document which until that time had been [unknown]" establishing the authenticity of three published letters. His own position, quoted on cannes.com (cannes_mediatheque_masque_de_fer_star_cannoise.txt) and in the Pinerolo proceedings: the prisoner of Sainte-Marguerite died there in 1693 ("à l'heure de minuit", carried by the cadet Jacques Souchon) and never went to the Bastille.
- (b) Reconstitution du registre d'écrou des prisonniers de l'île Sainte-Marguerite à compter du 30 avril 1687 et jusqu'au 19 mars de l'année 1704, Paris, S. Brugnon, 1992, 51 f., ill., fac-sim., 30 cm (BnF catalogue record; cited by Petitfils 2004 as "Reconstitution du registre d'écrou des prisonniers..."). This is the only separately catalogued Brugnon title; no published Pignerol chronology was located, but Petitfils credits Brugnon with the Pignerol/Sainte-Marguerite datings he uses (the identity of the prisoner in the citadel, La Prade's transfer of January 1694, sums in the comptes du roi, BnF Fr 14112). The Pinerolo proceedings describe him as "chargé de mission honoraire au Ministère des Finances"; Petitfils (2004) calls him "le regretté Stanislas Brugnon", whose papers he used through his widow.
- (c) The Saint-Lazare order of 17 August 1678: the English Wikipedia article (wikipedia_en_man_in_the_iron_mask_reference_extract.txt, line 318) states that the King answered Cavoye's petition with a letter to the head of Saint-Lazare dated 17 August 1678, signed by the King and Colbert, ordering that "M. de Cavoye should have communication with no one at all, not even with his sister, unless in your presence or in the presence of one of the priests of the mission"; Petitfils (2004) lists among the proofs of Cavoye's detention "une dépêche du roi au prieur de cette maison". Neither the text of the order nor Brugnon's role in finding it is available online; the attribution to Brugnon could not be verified from open sources.

## Files added for this dossier
- sources/batiffol1894_bec55_pp359-360_review_burgaud_bazeries.txt
- sources/review_venturino_2005_dhs37_petitfils_complete_pp645-646.txt
- sources/funckbrentano1894_rh56_masque_de_velours_noir_pp253-303.txt
- sources/sonnino_1998_deseret_news_nyt_news_service_interview.txt
- sources/sonnino_2014_fhs_three_testaments_abstract_crossref.txt
- sources/sonnino_2016-2017_press_and_review_summaries_parrott_noozhawk.txt
- notes/G_open_access_articles.md (this file)