# SOURCES.md — scholarship on the authorship of *Double Falsehood* / *Cardenio*

All files in this directory (and in `web/`) were fetched on **2026-09-14**. Companion register: `../../notes/scholarship.md`. Sizes are approximate. "Read" = the full text (or the indicated parts) was read directly; "probe" = an access attempt that returned a block page, kept only as evidence of what was tried.

## A. Primary and early scholarship (full text obtained)

| File | URL (source) | What it is | Access notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| `farmer-1767-essay-learning-shakespeare-2nd-ed.txt` | https://archive.org/download/bim_eighteenth-century_an-essay-on-the-learning_farmer-richard_1767_0/bim_eighteenth-century_an-essay-on-the-learning_farmer-richard_1767_0_djvu.txt | Richard Farmer, *An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare*, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1767). OCR of a microfilm copy; garbled in places | Read the Double Falsehood passage (pp. 28–30 of the 1767 ed.) |
| `farmer-copy-anessayonlearni00farmgoog.txt` | https://archive.org/download/anessayonlearni00farmgoog/anessayonlearni00farmgoog_djvu.txt | Cleaner OCR of a later printing of Farmer's *Essay* (Google-digitised copy) | Used for verbatim quotation ("superior to Theobald", Shirley ascription) |
| `farmer-copy-onlearningofshak00farm.txt` | https://archive.org/download/onlearningofshak00farm/onlearningofshak00farm_djvu.txt | Another OCR copy of Farmer's *Essay* (cleanest text of the Shirley passage, lines c. 1340–1390) | Read the DF passage |
| `farmer-copy-essayonlearningo1767farm.txt` | https://archive.org/download/essayonlearningo1767farm/essayonlearningo1767farm_djvu.txt | Another OCR copy of the 1767 edition | Not used beyond checking |
| `farmer-copy-bim_eighteenth-century_an-essay-on-the-learning_farmer-richard_1789.txt` | https://archive.org/download/bim_eighteenth-century_an-essay-on-the-learning_farmer-richard_1789/..._djvu.txt | OCR of the 1789 edition of Farmer's *Essay* | Not used beyond checking |
| `reed-1782-biographia-dramatica-vol2.txt` | https://archive.org/download/bim_eighteenth-century_biographia-dramatica-o_baker-david-erskine_1782_2/..._djvu.txt | Isaac Reed (rev. of D. E. Baker), *Biographia Dramatica*, vol. 2 (London, 1782). Long-s OCR | Read entry no. 104 "The Double Falshood" (c. line 16200) and no. 103 "The History of Cardenio" (c. line 27270) |
| `bradford-1910-mln-history-of-cardenio.txt` | https://archive.org/download/jstor-2916311/jstor-2916311_djvu.txt | Gamaliel Bradford Jr., '"The History of Cardenio by Mr. Fletcher and Shakespeare"', *MLN* 25.2 (Feb. 1910), 51–56 (JSTOR early-journal-content scan) | Read in full |
| `schevill-1911-theobalds-double-falsehood.txt` | https://archive.org/download/jstor-3693738/jstor-3693738_djvu.txt | Rudolph Schevill, 'Theobald's "Double Falsehood"?', *Modern Philology* 9.2 (1911), 269–285 | Read in full |
| `graham-1916-cardenio-double-falsehood-problem.txt` | https://archive.org/download/jstor-433106/jstor-433106_djvu.txt | Walter Graham, 'The "Cardenio-Double Falsehood" Problem', *Modern Philology* 14.5 (1916), 269–280 | Read in full (metrical tables) |
| `note-1917-cardenio-double-falsehood-problem.txt` | https://archive.org/download/jstor-433156/jstor-433156_djvu.txt | Walter Graham, 'Note on the "Cardenio"-"Double Falsehood" Problem', *Modern Philology* 14.9 (1917), 568 | Read |
| `graham-1920-double-falsehood-western-reserve.txt` | https://archive.org/download/cu31924013363894/cu31924013363894_djvu.txt | Walter Graham (ed.), *Double Falsehood* (Western Reserve University Bulletin, 1920): introduction (Shelton parallels, Schevill refutation, "Mr. Bradford's theory", metrical tables) + text | Read introduction |
| `oliphant-1927-bwb.txt` | https://archive.org/download/bwb_W8-BZZ-818/bwb_W8-BZZ-818_djvu.txt | E. H. C. Oliphant, *The Plays of Beaumont and Fletcher* (New Haven, 1927). §39 "Double Falsehood" = pp. 282–302 (file lines c. 12542–13130) | Read §39 in full |
| `oliphant-1927-plays-of-beaumont-and-fletcher-dli2.txt` | https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.235536/2015.235536..._djvu.txt | Second OCR copy of Oliphant 1927 (Digital Library of India scan) | Used to check OCR |
| `muir-1960-shakespeare-as-collaborator.txt` | https://archive.org/download/shakespeareascol0000muir/..._djvu.txt | **Access failed**: 172-byte "401 Authorization Required" page (lending-library item). Kenneth Muir, *Shakespeare as Collaborator* (1960), ch. on Cardenio (pp. 148–160) NOT read | probe |

## B. Modern scholarship (open access full text obtained)

| File | URL (source) | What it is | Access notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| `taylor-2016-fake-shakespeare-jems5.pdf` / `.txt` | https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/bsfm-jems/article/download/7067/7065/6944 | Gary Taylor, 'Fake Shakespeare', *Journal of Early Modern Studies* 5 (2016), 353–379, DOI 10.13128/JEMS-2279-7149-18096 (CC BY). `.txt` = pymupdf extraction with `===== PAGE n =====` markers (pdf page n = journal page 352+n) | Read in full |
| `alotaibi-2016-liverpool-phd-double-falsehood.pdf` / `.txt` | https://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2008887/1/AlotaibiNas_July2016_2008887.pdf | Nasser (Naseem) Alotaibi, *Lewis Theobald's Double Falsehood: The Authorship Question Reconsidered*, PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, July 2016 (c. 595k chars). Sceptical of Shakespeare, pro-Fletcher; extensively quotes Stern 2011, Hammond 2010/2012/2014, Jackson, Proudfoot, Taylor, Lupić, Kukowski, Freehafer, Muir 1997, Frazier, Kahan with page numbers | Read introduction, ch. 1, ch. 2 (§§2, 4–6), ch. 3 (Jackson/Proudfoot/Taylor critique), Hammond-2014 passage, Malone/Steevens section. Used as the main secondary witness for paywalled items |
| `nos-authorship-companion-2017-archiveorg.txt` | https://archive.org/download/the-new-oxford-shakespeare-authorship-companion/...%20_djvu.txt (item `the-new-oxford-shakespeare-authorship-companion`, "opensource" collection) | OCR of Gary Taylor and Gabriel Egan (eds), *The New Oxford Shakespeare: Authorship Companion* (OUP, 2017). Contains ch. 23 Tarlinskaja, 'The Versification of Double Falsehood Compared to Restoration and Early Classical Adaptations' (pp. 385–406; file lines c. 24806–25986); ch. 24 Pascucci, 'Using Compressibility as a Proxy for Shannon Entropy in the Analysis of Double Falsehood' (pp. 407–416; lines c. 25988–26568); ch. 25 Taylor and Loughnane, 'The Canon and Chronology of Shakespeare's Works', entry 'The History of Cardenio 1612' (pp. 583–586; lines c. 36038–36200) | Read chs 23, 24 and the Cardenio entry in full; other DF mentions checked. NB an uploader-posted scan of an in-copyright book; used here for research quotation only |
| `elliott-valenza-2010-two-tough-nuts.pdf` / `.txt` | https://www1.cmc.edu/pages/faculty/welliott/UTConference/2ToughNuts.pdf | Ward E. Y. Elliott and Robert J. Valenza, 'Two Tough Nuts to Crack: Did Shakespeare Write the "Shakespeare" Portions of *Sir Thomas More* and *Edward III*?' (Claremont, 2010 conference paper; later *Literary and Linguistic Computing* 25 (2010)). Table 2 ranks 25 apocrypha plays by Shakespeare rejections incl. Double Falsehood | Read Table 2 and the DF passages |
| `oxfordian-2009-auditing-claremont.pdf` / `.txt` | (The Oxfordian, 2009, "Auditing the Claremont Shakespeare Clinic") | Sceptical audit of the Claremont tests. No Double Falsehood content | Checked; not used |
| `unige-review-nos-authorship-companion.pdf` / `.txt` | https://access.archive-ouverte.unige.ch/access/metadata/3aac3d85-8e8e-4c59-8844-55a31682f7b5/download | Lukas Erne, review of *The New Oxford Shakespeare Authorship Companion*, *Shakespeare* 14.3 (2018), 291–296, DOI 10.1080/17450918.2018.1496136 (author's accepted MS) | Read the DF/Cardenio passages |
| `renref-review-quest-for-cardenio.pdf` / `.txt` | https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/renref/article/download/26381/19568/59314 | Ernst Gerhardt, review of Carnegie and Taylor (eds), *The Quest for Cardenio*, *Renaissance and Reformation* 38.4 (2015/16), 174–176, DOI 10.33137/rr.v38i4.26381 | Read in full |
| `pabon-cardenio-cervantes-shakespeare-fletcher.pdf` / `.txt` | https://cvc.cervantes.es/literatura/cervantistas/congresos/cg_II/cg_II_33.pdf | Tomás Pabón, 'Cardenio en Cervantes, Shakespeare y Fletcher' (Actas del II Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Cervantistas; Spanish). Summarises Freehafer and Muir | Read the Freehafer/Muir passages |
| `lostplays-cardenio.html` / `.txt` | https://lostplays.folger.edu/Cardenio | Lost Plays Database (Folger), 'Cardenio' entry: transcriptions of the 1613 Chamber accounts, 1653 SR entry, Theobald preface excerpts, 'Critical commentary' summarising sceptics (Frazier, Kahan, Stern) and believers (Bradford, Freehafer, Kukowski, Bate, Pujante, Taylor, Proudfoot), Robert Johnson song, Gayton | Read in full (curl with browser UA; a web fetch was 403) |
| `boyd-pennebaker-2015-pubmed-efetch.xml` / `boyd-pennebaker-2015-pubmed-abstract.txt` | https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=pubmed&id=25854277&retmode=xml | PubMed record (PMID 25854277) with the verbatim abstract of Boyd and Pennebaker, 'Did Shakespeare Write Double Falsehood?…', *Psychological Science* 26.5 (2015), 570–582 | Abstract read; full text paywalled (SAGE 403) |
| `boyd-pubmed.html` | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25854277/ | probe: PubMed HTML page returned a cookie/JS challenge page (no content) | probe |
| `wikipedia-double-falsehood.html` / `.txt` | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Falsehood | Wikipedia article (reference-work consensus statement; cites Hammond 2010 pp. xvi, 6, 8; Boyd & Pennebaker 2015) | Read 'Authorship' section |

## C. Web pages saved under `web/` (reviews, journalism, abstracts pages)

| File (in `web/`) | URL | What it is | Access notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| `nicholl-2010-lrb-cardenios-ghost.html/.txt` | https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v32/n23/charles-nicholl/cardenio-s-ghost | Charles Nicholl, 'Cardenio's Ghost', *LRB* 32.23 (2 Dec. 2010), review of Hammond's Arden edition (5,689 words) + a reader's letter (16 Dec. 2010) on 'absonant' | Read in full |
| `london-magazine-looking-for-shakespeare.html/.txt` | https://thelondonmagazine.org/article/looking-for-shakespeare/ | *The London Magazine* review of Arden DF (quotes Hammond's 'palimpsest' formulation) | Read |
| `hamletweblog-2010-arden-review.html/.txt` | http://thehamletweblog.blogspot.com/2010/06/double-falsehood-arden-shakespeare.html | Blog review of the Arden edition (Hammond 'first half' claim) | Read |
| `utexas-2015-news-boyd-pennebaker.html/.txt` | https://news.utexas.edu/2015/04/10/shakespeare-wrote-contested-play-suggests-text-analysis/ | UT Austin press release on Boyd & Pennebaker (corpus 33/12/9; act-by-act summary) | Read |
| `notesinthemargin-2015-psychological-text-analysis.html/.txt` | https://www.notesinthemargin.org/2015/04/12/psychological-text-analysis/ | Blog summary of Boyd & Pennebaker | Read |
| `conversation-2015-double-falsehood-neither-true-nor-false.html/.txt` | https://theconversation.com/shakespeares-double-falsehood-alas-thats-neither-true-nor-false-41509 | Laurie Johnson (USQ), critique of Boyd & Pennebaker, *The Conversation*, 14 May 2015 ("39 of 45 tests … 11 of 30") | Read |
| `cmc-news-shakespeare-clinic-students.html/.txt` | https://www.cmc.edu/news/the-shakespeare-clinic-students-to-report-on-latest-findings-in-continuing-authorship-question | Claremont McKenna College news, 22 Apr. 2010: Shakespeare Clinic finds Shakespeare's hand in the first half of DF "not ruled out" | Read |
| `emls-scotsig.html/.txt` | https://extra.shu.ac.uk/emls/12-2/scotsig2.htm | Elliott and Valenza reply to Foster/Scott in *EMLS* 12.2 (2006); Table 4 gives DF 14 rejections (3/9/2) | Read DF lines |
| `shakespeareblog-2014-finding-cardenio.html/.txt` | https://theshakespeareblog.com/2014/01/finding-shakespeares-lost-play-cardenio/ | Sylvia Morris blog on Doran's *Shakespeare's Lost Play* and Taylor | Read |
| `playsinternational-doran-cardenio.html/.txt` | https://playsinternational.org.uk/greg-doran-on-his-cardenio-project-with-the-rsc/ | Interview with Gregory Doran on the RSC *Cardenio* (2011) | Read |
| `warwick-kirwan-2011-chasing-windmills-record.html/.txt` | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44199/ | Repository record + abstract of Peter Kirwan, 'Chasing Windmills', *Shakespeare* 7.3 (2011), 329–334 | Abstract only |
| `wikipedia-history-of-cardenio.html/.txt` | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_History_of_Cardenio | Wikipedia article on the lost play | Read |
| `lmu-munich-miscellany11-double-falsehood.html/.txt` | https://www.en.shakespeare-bibliothek.anglistik.uni-muenchen.de/miscellany/archive/miscellany11/index.html | Munich Shakespeare Library note on its 1728 copy; states a non-committal consensus | Read |
| `cambridge-kukowski-1991-abstract.html/.txt` | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/shakespeare-survey/hand-of-john-fletcher-in-double-falsehood/548BEC40D1311D728FAB933DF4F4C77B | Cambridge Core landing page for Kukowski, *Shakespeare Survey* 43 (1991), 81–90, DOI 10.1017/CCOL0521395291.007 (auto-summary only) | Abstract page only; full text paywalled |
| `cambridge-pujante-1998-abstract.html/.txt` | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/shakespeare-survey/double-falsehood-and-the-verbal-parallels-with-sheltons-don-quixote/6E194E907F9CC14AB49B1B2F14E75817 | Landing page for A. Luis Pujante, *Shakespeare Survey* 51 (1998), 95–106, DOI 10.1017/CCOL0521632250.008 | Abstract page only |
| `cambridge-hammond-2014-abstract.html/.txt` | https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/shakespeare-survey/double-falsehood-the-forgery-hypothesis-the-charles-dickson-enigma-and-a-stern-rejoinder/956D5D334DA06D7FB3BA7076274164F1 | Landing page for Brean Hammond, *Shakespeare Survey* 67 (2014), 165–179, DOI 10.1017/SSO9781107775572.012 ("A summary is not available") | Citation only |
| `cambridge-freehafer-1969-abstract.html/.txt` | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/pmla/article/abs/cardenio-by-shakespeare-and-fletcher/ADB9FA83C08E8BE7B42142BB3EBB654B | Landing page with the verbatim abstract of John Freehafer, 'Cardenio, by Shakespeare and Fletcher', *PMLA* 84.3 (1969), 501–513, DOI 10.2307/1261138 | Abstract read; full text paywalled (JSTOR) |
| `britannica-double-falsehood.html` | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Double-Falsehood | probe (curl 403); the fetched summary of the same page (David Bevington's article) is recorded in the register | probe |
| `nickhern-2011-spotlight-cardenio.html` | https://nickhernbooksblog.com/2011/04/28/spotlight-cardenio/ | probe (curl 403); fetched summary (Doran's method) recorded in the register | probe |

## D. Access probes that failed (kept as evidence)

| File | URL | Result |
|---|---|---|
| `hope-gb-search.html` | Google Books search for Hope 1994 | Google "automated queries" block page. Hope, *The Authorship of Shakespeare's Plays* (CUP, 1994) also exists on archive.org (`authorshipofshak00hope`, lending only): `_djvu.txt` download and search-inside both refused (401 / "Item not available") |
| `hope-1994-authorship-archiveorg.txt` | https://archive.org/download/authorshipofshak00hope/authorshipofshak00hope_djvu.txt | 172-byte 401 page |
| `oup-chapter-148738613.html`, `-148742415`, `-148744314`, `-148745903`, `-148755564`, `-148761037` | https://academic.oup.com/book/5674/chapter-abstract/<id> | Cloudflare "Just a moment" pages for *The Quest for Cardenio* chapters (Hammond 'After Arden'; Lupić; Hammond/Carnegie 'Fletcher and Theobald as Collaborative Writers'; Jackson; Griffiths; Richards) |
| `springer-payne-2016-book.html`, `springer-bourus-taylor-2013-book.html` | https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-46514-2 ; https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9781137344229 | 3,038-byte idp cookie-challenge pages (Springer). Chapter lists obtained instead from the CrossRef API |
| `farmer-1767-ecco-tcp-div4.html` | ECCO-TCP (quod.lib.umich.edu) | 403 page |
| `probe-oro_open_ac_uk_31057_.html` | https://oro.open.ac.uk/31057/ (King, 'Cardenio and the Eighteenth-century Shakespeare Canon') | Cloudflare block |
| `probe-academic_oup_com_nq_article-abstract_68_2_184_6288889.html` | https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/68/2/184/6288889 (Alotaibi, *N&Q* 2021) | Cloudflare block |
| `probe-wrap_warwick_ac_uk_44199_.html` | https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/44199/ | OK (duplicate of the `web/` record) |

Not accessible at all (no file saved): Stern, *SQ* 62.4 (2011) (MUSE verification wall; OUP Cloudflare; academia.edu/ResearchGate 403); Hammond, Arden edition (2010) (archive.org lending only, 401); Hammond 2012 'After Arden' and Hammond 2014 (paywalled); Jackson, Proudfoot, Taylor, Lupić, King, Carnegie, Stern, Wayne, Griffiths, Leigh chapters in *The Quest for Cardenio* (OUP Cloudflare); Nance 2013, Taylor 2013 'Sleight of Mind', Taylor & Wagschal 2013 (Springer cookie loop); Hume 2016 (abstract obtained via a web fetch only); Kukowski 1991 and Pujante 1998 (Cambridge paywall); Muir 1960/1997; Frazier 1974; Metz 1982/1989; Kahan 2004; Pascucci 2012 (*Memoria di Shakespeare*); Tarlinskaja 2014 (Ashgate) and 2023 (*MRDE*); ODNB 'Theobald, Lewis'; the OUP *Oxford Handbook* chapter by Dugan 2016; Google Books API (HTTP 429 quota exhausted throughout).

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Built from these files: `../../notes/scholarship.md` (annotated claims register, attribution table, H1–H4 points, overturning evidence, summary for an investigator). Every quotation in the register was re-checked against the saved copies listed above or is tagged [SECONDARY]/[WEB-SUMMARY] where it rests on another scholar's citation or a fetched summary.