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Address TEE TRIBUNE COiIPANT,
No. 15 Canal-sL, Chicago, EL
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1871.
THE MAYOR’S MESSAGE.
The communication read last night to the
Common Council, by MsiyorMedill, will un
doubtedly command the careful attention
of the tax-payers of this city. So far as he
could collect the information, ho estimates
the financial condition of the city to he at
present:
funded drM. Drcem'bor 1,1571
Les.* bunds in sinking fund.
N«1 bonded debt...
Ce; lith-ates «>f indebtedness.........
I’listUJ* d claims lor work on canal.
I’uirciii expenses, Novtiaber
Other items
Total debt.
Er-timate for expenses until April i, 1572 SJ,I n,O(X»
Theamountof money in the Treasury to
the credit of the several funds is $1,558,£38,
of which the city has borrowed and used
sl, 144,180, and has appropriated £140,000 for
repairs to the Water' Works, leaving as the ac
tual cash balance in tho Treasury $272,152.
The taxes for 1871 will not he collected un
til Apri1,1672, and this is part of the vicious
system of having tho expenditures substan
tially made one year in advance of the col
lection of taxes, and, in tho meantime, car
rying on the City Government with borrowed
money. This practice of anticipating the
revenue has gone on until, at last, the whole
years revenue is required to pay loans, the
proceeds of which have been expended. Ex
penditures arc one year ahead of the appro
priations and the revenue.
Of the money refunded by the State
SIOS,CCO has already* been received, and
£cqra“oo more is expected shortly. Prom this
fund there is to be paid the January interest
on the city debt, amounting to £480,010, and
the remainder, £150,000, will bo needed to pay
bridge builders and the police force. The
additional receipts from the State during the
next two years will meet the accruing in
terest on the debt, and defray the particular
expenses to which the fund has to be applied.
The municipal losses of property by the
lire, including buildings of all kinds, side
walks, Water Works, Arc., are stated to
amount to $2,500,180. The Mayor recites the
losses of papers aud records by the several
departments, but, with the exception of tax
warrants in the othce of the City Collector,
the loss is not irreparable. The estimate of
revenue to he collected from the annual levy
for 1871, after abating the valuations of
property where the improvements have been
de&trojed, is $2,282,000; hut from this must
be deducted the delinquent list, aud the
taxes of those who will appeal to the courts
from the assessments. The Mayor calls at
tention, in strong terms, to the constantly
nrcuing number of citizens who resort to
this proceeding to escape taxation, thereby
greatly embarrassing the revenues, and in
creasing the burdens of other tax-payers.
The Mayor also calls attention to a scries
of recent decisions in the Supremo Court, by
which special assessments are made a haz
ardous proceeding, so far as the city is con
cerned. Under these decisions, any person
whose property is assessed for bcnelits, or
who is awarded damages, may appeal, wheth
er because of general defect in the proceed
ings or special injustice in his case. If the
appeal be sustained, it not only vitiates tho
assessment, so far as the property of the ap
pellant is concerned, but altogether. In
cases where special assessments have been in
part collected, and found defective as to cer
tain property, the whole assessment is void,
and there can be no reassessment as to the
portion which has not paid the tax. It
has been intimated, though not decided, by
the court that, in all such cases, tho con
tractor who has performed the work may*
recover from the city the uncollected balance
due him, and it has also been suggested that,
in cases where special assessments have been
set aside, those who have paid the tax may
also recover what they have paid. Under
these circumstances, the Mayor advises the
utmost caution in the matter of ordering any
further special assessments for any purpose.
In the meantime, property-holders desiring
street improvements arc advised to make
agreements waiving all rights of appeal, etc.,
and to make their own contracts for the work
and material, thus leaving the city free of all
liability in the premises. The city can make
no such improvements from its general
fund. Whatever revenue it may have will be
needed to keep the present improved streets
clean and in repair.
The combustible character of the build
ings of the city to which the conflagration
may be so clearly attributed, is commented
upon in reference to the propriety of for
bidding tho construction hereafter of any
building within the city whose outer walls
are of wood. lie advises that the lire limits
within which there should be no wooden
tincture, shall be co-cxteusivc with the
city.
The Mayor, as an additional precaution,
recommends a supply of water independent
of that furnished by the pumping works.
He points out forcibly the constant danger
of on interruption of tbe present water sup
ply. An accident to the pumping works
would leave Chicago without a drop of wa
ter in the iirc-plugs. He advises
the construction of numerous reservoirs
to be fed by the water from artesian wells.
These would furnish an unfailing supply of
water, would be inexpensive, and would al
ways be available.
The Mayor closes his messagewith a strong
expression of his faith in the future prosperi
ty of the city—a prosperity which, instead of
being materially retarded or lessened by the
lire, will, from that reason, if wise counsels
be observed, be increased to a degree that
will astonish mankind even more than the
destruction which occurred in October.
NATIONAL BOARD OS TRADE.
The fourth annual meeting of the National
Hoard of Trade is to be held at St. Louis,
commencing to-morrow. Among the matters
presented in the ollicial programme arc the
resolutions of the St. Louis Merchants’ Ex
change in favor of the improvement of the
levees of the Mississippi River, by a national
guarantee of tbe bonds of Louisiana, Missis
sippi, and Arkansas, to the extent of $T5,000,-
UGO; the resolutions of the Butxalo Board of
Trade in relation to the enlargement of the
Erie Canal by the General Government; of
the Dubnqne Board of Trade in favor of the
Pox and.Wisconsin River improvement by
the same agency; and of the Baltimore Board
of Tradejn favor of the construction of the
Chesapeake and Delaware Canal.
The Imcstion of warehouse receipts, and
the methods of giving greater security to
them, is brought forward hy the Executive
Council.
The Philadelphia Board of Trade offer a
resolution on the shipbuilding question,
proposing to ask Congr ess to grant a hounty
upon all materials of American growth en
tering into the construction of vessels hnilt
in the United States, equal to the amount of
duties which would have been paid upon
Buell articles if they had been imuorted. The
Boston Board of Trade offer a resolution on
the same subject, but of the opposite tenor.
They call for the abatement of all unneces
sary taxes on shipbuilding materials and de
clare themselves opposed to tbe granting of
bounties or subsidies.
C-uadian reciprocity, and the Canadian
canals, are brought forward for consideration
bv the Executive Council.
The Newark Board of Trade call forthe re
real of the duty on lumber, since “such
duty only tends to put a higher price on onr
domestic lumber to the great rnjury of the
masses, and to the benefit only of the few
Xare proprietors of the timber lands m
CwSi' Commercial Exchange
atk for such a reduction of taxes tba. lh
aggregate amount raised each year shall bo
no more than sufficient t? meet the current
expenses of the government, the interest on
the public debt, and $50,000,000 to bo applied
to the extinction of the principal of the debt.
The same body sends in a set of resolutions
virtually committing the National Board of
Trade against a resumption of specie pay
meuts either now or at any future time.
The Philadelphia Board of Trade, on the
other hand, request that a plan may be pre
pared and submitted to Congress for the
early resumption of specie payments.” The
Boston Board of Trade oiler a similar resolu
tion.
The Executive Council offer a resolution
declaring that the issuing of scrip dividends
and the watering of stock Oy incorporated
companies arc pernicious customs, and Shat
measures should bo takeu to prevent the
same.
The Boston Board of Trade offer a resolu
tion on the tariff question, with a view to
check monopoly and encourage healthy com
petition in trade and manufactures, ami to
facilitate the mutually profitable exchange
of products between us and other nations.”
The Milwaukee Board of Trade call for the
repeal of State laws which restrict insurance
companies, in the investment of their funds,
to the States in which they are incorporated.
The proceedings of the board will
be looked for with much interest by
the commercial bodies represented in
it, and by the public generally. The
subject of most importance to this city
is that relating to Canadian reciprocity and
the Canadian canals. UVe trust that the rep
resentatives of our Board of Trade will use
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45.0J0
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their best endeavors to secure an expression
of opinion favorable to a renewal of the
Reciprocity Treaty. Such an expression
would be of the greatest service to the party
in Canada which is urging the speedy en
largement of tho Welland and St. Lawrence
Canals, aud would undoubtedly hasten the
early completion of these works.
SUIINEE AND CAMEEON.
The Senate of the United States has an
opportunity, at the opening of its present
session, to do a decent aud graceful act, tho
omission, of which would certainly he a
cause for general mortification and regret.
We allude to the restoration of Senator Sum
ner to the Chairmanship of the Committee
cu Foreign Relations.
The circumstances of Mr. ‘Sumner's dis
placement from this committee in March
last arc still fresh in the minds of the peo
ple. Mr, Sumner, the man who, of all the
members of the Senate, was confessedly the
most competentto discharge the duties of the
Chairmanship of the. committee named, was
deposed from that place, after years of satis
factory aud exemplary service, on a pretext
which was not only paltry and ridiculous iu
itself, hut exceedingly dangerous iu its
logical consequences. Tho Senate, without
respect to party or personal Idas, ac
knowledged that Senator Simmer possessed
peculiar qualifications for the charge of
foreign affairs in that body. Everybody ac
knowledged his patriotism aud his honesty.
Everybody acknowledged that be was a man
of comprehensive intellect aud studious
habits, aud that be was thoroughly versed
iu tlio principles of international
law, aud other brandies of in
formation which went to qualify him
pre-eminently for the duties of his post.
Lut he was deposed by a bare majority of
the caucus of Republican members—not be-
cause be bad fulled iu any respect of tbe
qualifications which bad led to bis original
appointment to tbo dutics'of tbo Chairman
ship not because there was another Sen-
ator of superior qualifications whom it was
proper that tbe Senate should place in that
position but simply' because there be bad
opposed tbe San Domingo job and bad bad
some sort of a difficulty with the Secretary
of State.
The majority in tbe Senate bad no more
self-respect than to yield to tbe clamor of
certain cringing politicians who insisted that
it would be an insult to the President, or a
censure upon the administration, or some-
thing of that sort, if the Senate should de
cline to do Mr. Fish’s bidding, and bsmd to
the President the head of Sumner in a
charger. And so Sumner was turned out;
and, to aggravate the mortification of the
event, his place was tilled by' a Senator
whose name had become synonymous with
political corruption—and not upon any' mere
idle gossip cither—for Simon Cameron’s
character had been known nine years ago,
when bis practices, while Secretary of War,
led to a resolution of unqualified censure from
the National House of Representatives. And
when, in deference to the popular indignation,
Cameron was kicked out of Lincoln’s Cabi-
net, few men would have been so bold as to
predict that he would ever be returned to
the United Slates Senate—much less that,
within nine years be would be triumphing
over Charles Sumner in that body, through
the instrumentality of the machinery of a
party yhicli claims to be the party of re
form and rectitude, a>.d tbe sworn foe to
simony of all kinds. Tbe first of tbesc
events would not have happened—Simon
Cameron would not have been restored,
after bis condign disgrace, to one of the
highest oDices in the land—except through
the workings of a system of bribery and
fraud no less nefarious than that of Tamma
ny, over which the nation has lately become
so justly indignant; and the other shame
would not have been perpetrated if Senators
laid not forgotten the dignity and welfare of
the nation, and the fair name of the Repub
lican party in their zeal to endorse the ad
ministration,” as some said, or to stand by
the caucus,” as others phrased it.
Under the influence of such unworthy con
siderations, Mr. Sumner was stripped of his
functions as the head of the Foreign Com
mittee of the Senate, to clothe withal this
Simon Cameron. This was an act which we
can hardly believe the Senate isnotv disposed
to repeat or couiinu. Do the Republican
majority in the Senate wish to endorse, in
Cameron’s re-election to the head of this
committee, the principles of which Cameron
is now, probably Ihe most conspicuous re
maining apostle i Do they wish togitetuo
lie to the fair professions which they have
been making in behalf of a Civil Service
Reform, by giving the place of honor la
their hotly to Simon Cameron. Do they
wish to disgrace this country in the eyes of
other nations by bringing in contact with
their diplomatic agents the most un
favorable representative of the worst
school of American politics? Do they wish
to cripple ami stultify the action of the Sen
ate upon the important foreign questions
now pending, or likely to arise during the
present session, by entrusting the prepara
tion cf these matters to a man utterly desti
tute of the necessary qualilications i Do
they wish to fasten upon the Republican
parly, on the eve of a Presidential
election, the odium of all that
is implied in thus elevating to the
gaze of the world so shameful a representa
tive as Cameron, at the same time striking
down a statesman so identified with the
worthy deeds of the Republican parly as
Charles Sumner.' If not, the opportunity is
now come for adojiting a wiser course. The
Senate Committees arc revised at the begin
ning of each session, so that there is, for
Innately, no obstacle to rectifying at once
the grand mistake—nay, the disgraceful out
rage—of last March.
Since tbe fire ■which destroyed the Court
House buildiugs*aud their contents,-the City
Government has surrendered the temporary
use of the High School buildings to the
conrts and county officers, and closed the
High School for the present. Immediately
after the fire, the Hoard of Public Works set
about erecting a plain but capacious brick
structure on tbe site of tbo South Division
reservoir, and,bypusbingtbc work with com
mendable energy, have it now nearly ready
for occupancy, It will afford accommoda
tions for uearlj* all the city departments and
offices, including a ball for the Common
Council. But we regret to state that the
Board of Supervisors have made no provision
nor taken any steps to provide accommoda
tions for the courts and county officers, who
continue to occupy the High School build
ings to the exclusion of the scholars and
teachers thereof. But something should bo
done at once as it will take a long period to
rebuild the Court House buildings. Wc are
assured that if another story were added to
the city building on the reservoir lot, it
would afford space onoughfor all the Conrts,
tbe Recorder of Deeds, County Treasurer,
and other county officers, including a room
fur the new Board of County Commissioners,
and that the cost of this proposed
addition will be quite moderate. If
this were done, all the city and
county offices would again be brought into
contiguity, to the great convenience of the
two municipal governments, and, more
especially, to that of the public. Wo sug
gest that the Council authorize a committee
to immediate!}' confer with the Board of
County Commissioners on the subject, and
propose to them that the Board of Public
IVorhs be instructed to proceed forthwith
to add another story on the city building,
for the use of the county, the cost thereof to
be paid by the count}’; and, upon the com
pletion of this improvement, the county to
vacate the High School buildings, in order
that the school may be reopened immediately
thereafter.
The New York I'vcvhuj Post reprints from
its own columns of January 21,1858, a string
of rhymes by Oakcy Hall, -now Mayor of
New York,—unless he has resigned and fled
as many are expecting him to do. These
verses, commenting on the wickedness of
the times (even then), speaks regretfully of
tho times,
(When only honesty could pare
To seek the Mayoralty chair.
And only worth cored fill it—
Like Tir-maun, whom our humble share
Tried on the town to billet);
—the author, little thinking, probably that
he would himself ho one day a worse dis
grace to the Mayoralty chair than any of his
scaly predecessors. lie also descants of mu
nicipal extravagance.
Knt quite ten millions is our tax,
And city morals are so lax
That sport of ci hue is made,”
chants the upright Oakey, not dreaming that
he who then lamcufiid a tax of ten millions
would soon he instrumental in raising that
tax to twenty millions or more, with thirty
millions or so charged up each year in the
shape of bonded debt. Oakey proceeds to
moralize that the thing must ho cured right
away:
Else Gotham will but reap tho ills
Which came to Home's own regal hills
When, rotten to their core,
They hushed tho anthems of the free,
Ana sunk in vice and luxury.
Imperial Bonn* no more!
All of which constitutes an interesting liter
ary relic, and shows that it is easier to he
virtuous in poetry titan in prose.
If anything were needed to bring the
lavish distribution of college degrees into
contempt, a recent exposure in England fills
the bill. An advertisement appeared in the
London Twa-% offering to obtain any kind of
decrees, and the editor of the IfteAb/ itVruw,
representing himself as a Presbyterian cler
gyman, answered, asking the terms. In reply,
he received a letter, stating that tho degrees
were obtainable from Germany and the
United States. From the German Universi
ties the I'ii. D. and the D. IX, but not the
LL.D., were issued. Tho application has to
be iu Latin, also an outline of the applicant’s
life, and a treatise on any subject. The whole
expense is £25. The IX X). does not require
such high qualifications, though the cost is
£4O. The broker thus writes:
The other course fcis from America, aud I am
connected with a university in one of its princi
pal cities, from which all recognized degrees are
obtainable, including those you have mentioned
—namely, ph. I>., Lb. D., and I>. I>. Satisfaction
of qualification must bo given, but Ibis is ac
cepted by testimonial, reference, and position of
the candidate. As the settled pastor of a
Christian church, there would he no diiliculty iu
your case. Tho fees for general degrees are 13
guineas, an extra registration fee of 2 guineas be
ing required for degrees that convey tho title of
Doctor. I shall be glad to hear from you. and to
arrange for an interview if necessary. Uaebdj
greo lias its appropriate bood. I remain.
Key. sir, yours faithfully, LL. I).
It will be seen that tho American degrees
are less expensive, and more easily’ obtained
than the German ones. The broker ac
knowledges bis connection with an uni
versity in this country*. Will not somebody
furnish tbe name of that university’ t
With the inauguration of thenew City Gov
ernment tbe Hon. K. U. Mason retires from
tbe position of Mayor, and lays down what
is at best a thankless and ill-compensated
office. He accepted the place with reluc
tance, and ho leaves it with satisfaction, for
he can truly say that no act of bis baa
brought dishonor upon tbe office, or upon
himself. He has performed bis duties faith
fully, and with good judgment, aud with an
eye single to the public good. It was inevi
table that during, and immediately’ after, tho
great fire railing accusations should bo heap
ed upon the Mayor, and upon everybody
who happened to be in a position of
authority. When the painful excitement
bad passed away* it was remembered that
Mayor Mason did not build tbe city*; that bo
did not set it on fire; that, under the pecu
liar laws now in force, be had no control
over the Police and Fire Department; aud
that, even if be bad bad such control, be
could not have put out tbe lire.
Mr. Masou retires from office with the re
spect smd esteem of sill good citizens.
The Chicago 27»itV New York correspond
ent is apparently a very knowing individual
on all topics; but he is particularly rich on
the subject of the Washburn family. He in
forms the readers of that papor that General
C. C. Washburn, Governor-elect of Wiscon
sin, has not yet resigned his seat in Con
gress.” and that he will doubtless servo un
til after the holidays, “as ho gets his mileage
and salary up to that time, which is a great
inducement.” Knowing, as we do, that Gen
eral Washburn has never been a member of
the present Congress, we should not have be
lieved this of General Washburn if wc bad
seen it anywhere else except in the Tinica,
To hold onto an cilice which a man never
had, all for the sake of the mileage, is an act
which shows, we suppose, the cold-blooded
rapacity of this member of the Washburn
family.
It will bo remembered that last year a
great ado was had over an appeal by the
Evangelical Union of Europe, of which cer
tain Americans were made the spokesmen,
to the Emperor of Russia, in behalf of some
of his subjects of the Lutheran Church, who
were said to be the subjects of religious per
secution. Prince Oortscbakoft quietly de
clined receiving any suggestion that the
Emperor did not know how to administer
his own government. The Russian papers,
however, complain that the Americans have
permitted themselves to be deceived as to
the facts. They represent that religions lib
erty is not in the least violated; on the con
trary, that all that the Russian Government
has done is to interfere to prevent the old
Genuan-Luthcrau aristocracy of Esthouia,
Livonia, and Corn-laud from oppressing the
lower classes, who belong to the Greek
Church.
Mr. Joseph Medill, having been elected to
the oliice of Mayor of Chicago, aail iutemlina
to giro his whole time to the duties of the
position, has resigned Ids editorial connec
tion with Tin; Chicago Tniutixn, sneh res
ignation to continues during the period of
Ids administration. The public will, there
fore, understand that he is not responsible
for what appears in the columns of Tim Tni
ucxii, and that Tin; Tnimt.NM is not
responsible for the City Government.
We shall hold ourselves as free
to criticise the administration of the pub!ic
aliairsofthis city as wo were while Mr.
Mason filled the office of Mayor; and Mr.
Medill, it is to ho presumed, will he governed
in his official action hy his sense of duty, re
gardless of the opinions of fill' Tninuxi; in
that hehalf.
We arc informed that the demandnpon the
Relief Society fpr.coal is very large,—as high
as four hundred tons a day. Illinois soft coal
is the kind wanted. Contributions of coal
will be thankfully received.
—The Czar of Russia has permitted the Sisters
of Mercy to practise medicine.
—Beilin boasts of not less than twenty women
physicians who have acquired reputation and in
dependence In their profession. Most of them are
of the homcupatliic and eclectic schools of medi*
C1 —At a wedding which took place recently in
Gotham the bridal party, evidently thinking
more of themselves than the sensation they were
creating, walked out of the cimrch before tho
minister had pronounced the blessing over them,
leaving him with outstretched hands anti an as
tonished look on his face as they hurried down the
aisle.
—Pittsburgh papers are rejoiemgoveran inven
tion to rid that smoky city Of Its greatest nuis
ance! A man las invented a small iron apparatus
which, attached to stoves and ranges, consumes
all the smoko and gas. As no soot is made it will
be Impossible also for chimneys to catch lire.
THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: .TUESDAY, DECEMBER 5. 1871.
THE NATION.
Annual message of President
Grant to Congress.
Our Foreign Eelations-Tlie De
partment Reports,
Ku-Kluxism—Recommended Re
moval of Disabilities.
The Mormon Question--
The Indian Peace
Policy.
Suggested Diminution in Tariff
and Internal Revenue
Taxation.
Civil Service Reform—Tlie Public
Lands The Government
Buildings at Chicago.
To Ihc Senate and House or licprcscntaticcs
In addressing my third annual message to tho
law-making branch of the government, it is grati
fying to bo able to state that, during tho past
year, success has generally attended the effort to
execute all the laws found upon the statute books.
The policy has been, not to inquire into tho wis
dom of laws already enacted, but to learn their
special intent, and enforce them accordingly,
DISASTERS TO LIFE AND PROPERTY.
The past year has, under a wise Providence,
been one of general prosperity to the nation. U
has, however, been attended with more than
usual chastisements, in loss of life and properly
by storm and lire. These disasters have
served to call forth tho best elements
of human nature in oar country, and to develop a
friendship for us on the part of foreign nations,
which goes far toward alleviating the distresses
occasioned by tho calamities. Tho benevolent
who have so generously shared their means with
the victims of these misfortunes, will reap their
reward in the consciousness of having performed
a nobleact, and In receiving the grateful thanks
of the men, women, and children whoso suffering
they have relieved.
FOREIGN RELATIONS.
The relations of the United States with foreign
powers continue to bo friendly.
GREAT BRITAIN.
The year has been an eventful one, iu witness
ing two great nations, speaking one language,
anil having one lineage, settling, by peaceful ar
bitration,' disputes of long standing, and
liable, at any lime, to bring those
nations into bloody and hostile contllct. An ex
ample has thus been set, which, if successful in
its linal issue, may bo followed by other civilized
nations, and be the liual means of returning to
productive industry millions of men, maintained
to settle the disputes of nations by tho bayonet
and broadsword.
I transmit herewith a copy of the treaty al
luded to. which has been concluded, since the ad
journment of Congress, with her Britannic Majes
ty, und a copy of tho protocols of the conferences
of the Commissioners by whom it was nego
tiated. This treaty provides methods for ad
justing the questions pending between tho two
nations. Various questions are to be adjusted
by arbitration. I recommend Congress, at an
earlv day, to make the necessary provision for
the tribunal at Geneva, and/or the several com
missions on tlio part of tho United States, called
lor bv the treaty. His Majesty the King of Italy,
the President of the Swiss Confederation, and
His Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, have each
consented, on the joint request of tho two pow
ers, to name an arbitrator for tho tribunal at
Geneva. I hare caused my thanks to bo suitably
expressed for tlio readiness with which the joint
request bus been complied with by tlio appoint
ment of gentlemen of eminence and learning to
these important positions.
His Majesty the Emperor of Germany has been
pleased to comply with ths joint request of the
two governments, and has consented to act as
the arbitrator of the disputed water-bound iry
between tbe United States and Great Britain.
Tim contracting parties in the treaty have under
taken to regard as between themselves certain
principles of public law, for which the United
States have contended from the commence
ment of their history. They have
also agreed to bring these principles
to the knowledge of the other maritime powers
and to invite them to accede to them. Negotia
tions arc going on as to tho form of the note by
which the invitation is to bo extended to the pow
ers. 1 recommend tho legislation necessary on
the part of Ihe United Stales to brine into opera
tion the articles of tho treaty relating to tho fish
eries, and to the other matters touching tho rela
tions of the United States toward flic British
North American po?sessions, to became operative
as t-oun as the proper legislation shall be had on
the part of Great Britiatt and its possessions. U
is much to be desired that this legislation may be
con c operative belorethe fishermen of tho United
Slates begin to make their arrangements for the
coming season.
I have addressed a communication, of which a
copy h tranMiiUtedlu-rewith, to the Governors of
New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michi
gan, Illinois, and Wisconsin,urging upon tho gov
ernments of those States respectively the neces
sary action on their part to carry into effect the
object of the article of the treaty which contem
plates tho use of the canals, on either side, con
nected with the navigation of the lakes and
rivers forming tlio boundary, on terms of equity
to tbe inuabitants of both countries, it is hoped
that the importance of the object, and the benefits
to flow therefrom, will secure tlio speedy appro
val and legislative sanction of tho States con
cerned.
I renew the recommendation for an appropria
tion for determining the trno position of tho
forty-ninth parallel of latitude, where it forms
the boundary between tho United Stales ami tho
British North American possessions, between the
Icikc of the Woods am! tno summit of the Ilocky
Mountains. The early action of Congress on the
recommendation named would put it in tlio
powered the War Department to place a force
m the field during the next summer.
GERMANY.
The resumption of diplomatic relations between
France and Germany has enabled mo to give di
rections for the withdrawal of the protection ex
tended to Germans in Franco by tlio diplomatic
und consular representatives of the United
States in that country. It is Just to
add that the delicate duty of
this protection lies been performed
by the Minister and tho Consul at Paris, and the
various Consuls iu France, under tho supervision
of tho hi Her, ulth gieat kindness, as well as with
prudence ami tact. Their course has received
the commendation of the German Government,
and has wounded no susceptibility of the French.
The government of tho Emperor of Germany
continues to manifest a friendly feeling toward
tho United Stales, and a desire to harmonize
with the moderate and just policy which this
government maintains iu its relation! with
Asiatic powers, as well as with the South Ameri
can republics. I have given assurance that the
friendly feelings of that government aro fully
shared U y the United times.
AtTSTUIA.
The ratifications of the Consular and naturali
zation connections with the Austro-Hungarian
Empire have been exchanged.
ITALY.
I have been ollicially informed of tlio annexa
tion of tbe States of tne Church to the Kingdom of
Jtalv, and tho removal of the capital of that king
dom to Pome. In conformity with tho establish
ed policy of the United States, I have recognized
this change.
The railllcations of tho new treaty of com
merce between the United States and Italy have
been exchanged. The two powers have agreed
in this treaty that property at sea shall bees
impt from capture iu case of war between the
two powers. The United States havo spared uo
opportunity cf incorporating this rule into tho
obligations of nations.
Spain.
Tlic Forty-first Congress, at Its third session,
mndo on appropriation for the organization of a
Mixed Commission for adjudicating upon Uo
claims of citizens of the United States ugamst
Spain, prowing out of tho insurrection m Cuba.
That commission has since been organized. I
transmit herewith the correspondence relating to
Hs foimutiou and its jurisdiction. It is to be
hoped that this commission will afiord the claim
ants a complete remedy fur their injuries.
it has been made the agreeable duty of the
United States to preside over a conference uc
Washington between tho Plenipotentiaries of
Spain and the Allied South American republics,
which has resulted in an armistice, with the rea
sonable assurance of a permanent peace.
Russia.
The intimate friendly relations which have so
long existed between tho United States nml Rus
sia continue undisturbed. The visit of the third
son of tho Emperor is a proof that
there is no di sire, on the part of his government,
to diminish the cordiality of those relations. Too
hospituide recontlon which has been given to the
Grand Duke-la ft proof that, on our side, wc
share the wishes of that government.,
The inexcusable course of the Russian Minister
at Washington rendered it necessary to aslmu
recall, aud to decline to longer receive that fuiic
tlonaiyaß a diplomatic representative. It was
Incompatible with felt-respect, or with a juat re
gard to the dignity of the country, to permit Mr.
Catacazy to “hold Interviews with this govern
ment after his abuse of government ofiiclftls, and
dm mg his persistent interference, through vari
ous means, with the relations between tho
United States and other powers. In accordance
with my wishes, our government has been re
lieved of further intercourse with Mr. Catacazy,
and tho management of tho allairs of the Im
perial legation lias passed into thohands of a gen
tleman entirely unobjectionable.
ASIATIC POWERS.
With Japan we continue to maintain intimate
relations. The Cabinet of the Mikado has, since
the close of the last session of Congress, selected
citizens of the United states to servo as oulcers
in several important departments of the govern
ment. I have reason to think that this selection
is due to an appreciation of the disinterestedness
of the policy which tho United States have pur
sued toward Japan.
it is our desire to continue to maintain this dis
interested aud Just policy with China as well as
Japan, The correspondence transmitted here
with shows that there la uo disposition on the
part of this government to swerve from its es
tablished course. Prompted by a desire to put
amend to the barbarous treatment of ourship
wr< chert sailors on the Corcan coast, I instructed
our Minister at Pekin to endeavor to conclude a
convention with Corea for securing tho safety
and humane treatment of such mariners. Admi
ral Rogers was instructed to accompany him
with u sufficient force to protect him in case of
need. A small surveying party, sent out, ou
teaching the coast was treacherously attacked at
disadvantage. Ample opportunity was given
for exploration, aud apology for the insult. Nei
ther came. A force was then landed. After an
arduous march over a rugged and|dlflieult country.
il*o forts from wliich the outrages had
been committed were gallantly assault
ed, aud were destroyed. Having thus
punished tho criminals, and having vindicated
the honor of the Hag, tho expedition returned,
finding it impracticable, under the circumstan
ces, to conclude the desired convention. I re
spectfully refer to the correspondence relatin':
thereto herewith submitted, and leave thesubject
for such action as Congress may see lit to take.
MEXICO.
The Republic of Mexico has not yet repealed
the very objectionable laws establishing what Is
known as the free zone on tho frontier of the
United States. It is hoped that this may yet be
done, nml also more stringet measures may be
taken by that republic restraining lawless per
sons on its frontier. I hope that Mexico, by its
own action, will soon relievo this government of
the dllliculties experienced from these causes.
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA.
Our relations with the various republics of Cen
tral and South America continue, with one excep
tion, to be cordial and friendly. I recommend
some action by Congress regarding tho overdue
instalments under the award of the Venezuela
Claims Commission of 18GC. The internal dissen
sions of that government present no justification
for the absence of an effort to meet their solemn
treaty obligations.
Tho ratifications of an extradition treaty with
Nicaragua have been exchanged.
It is a subject for congratulation that the great
Empire of Brazil has taken tho initiatory steps
toward tho abolition of slavery- Our relations
wlth'that empire, always cordial, will naturally
be made more so by this act. It is not too mueu
to hope that the Government of Brazil may
hex caller find it for its interest, as well as intrin
sically right, to advance toward entire emancipa
tion more rapidly than the present act contem
plates. The true prosperity and greatness of a
nation is to be found in tho elevation and educa
tion of its laborers.
THE WEST INDIES.
It is a subject for regret that tho reforms in
this direction, which were voluntarily promised
by the statesmen of Spain, have not been carried
out iu its West Indian Colonies. The laws and
regulations for the apparent abolition of slavery
in Cuba and Porto Kleo leave most of tho labor
ers in bondage, with no hop© of release until
their lives become a burden to their employers.
I desire to direct your attention to the fact that
citizens of tho United States are large holders,
in foreign lauds, of tills species of prop
erty, forbidden by the fundamental law of
their own country. I recommend to Congress to
provide, by stringent legislation, a suitable reme
dy against tbo liold ug, owuiug, or dealing in
slaves, or being interested iu slave property in
foreign lands, cither as owners, hirers, or mort
gagers, by citizens of tho United States.
It is to be n-grcttcd that tho disturbed comli
tibii of the island of Cuba continues to lie a
source of annoyance and of anxiety. The exist
ence of a protracted struggle in such
close proximity to our own terri
tory, without apparent prospect .of an
early termination, cannot be other than an object
of concent to a people who, while abstaining from
interference iu the affairs of other powers, natu
rally desire to see every country in the undis
turbed enjoyment of peace, liberty, and tho
blessings of free institutions. Onr naval com
manders In Cuban waters have been instructed,
in case it should become necessary, to spare no
dibit- to protect the lives and property of
buna jitle American citizens, aud to maintain
the dignity of the fiag. It is hoped Hint all pend
ing questions with Spain growing out of the af
fairs iu Cuba may bo adjusted in the spirit of
peace and conciliation which Ims hitherto guided
the two powers iu their treatment of such ques
tions.
INTERPRETERS.
To give importance to, and to add to the efii
cieney of, our diplomatic relations with Japan
and China, and to further in retaining tho goad
opinion of those peoples, and to secure to tho
United States its share of the commerce destined
to tluw between those nations and the balance of
the commercial world, I earnestly recommend
that tin appropriation bit made to support, at
least, four American youths in earii of those
countries, to serve as a part of tho official families
of our Ministers there. Our representatives
would nut even then bo placed upon an
equality with tho representatives of Great
Britain and sumo other powers. As now situ
sited. our representatives in Japan and China
have to depend for interpreters and translators
upon natives of those countries who know our
language imperfectly, or procure for tho occasion
tho services of employes iu foreign business
houses, or the interpreters to other for
eign Ministers.
STEAMER LINES.
I would also recommend liberal
measures for tbo purpose of suii
porling the American lines of steamers uowply
ing between San Francisco and Japan aud China,
and the Australian line, almost our only remain
ing lines of ocean steamers, and of increasing
their service.
NATIONAL FINANCES.
The national debt has been reduced to the ex
tent of $80,057,120.80 during the year;
and, by tbo negotiation of national bonds
at a lower rate of Interest, tho interest on tho
public debt has been so far diminished that now
tho sum to be raised for interest ac
count is nearly seventeen million dollars
less than on the Ist of March. ISO 3. It was highly
desirable that this rapid diminution should take
place, both to strengthen tho credit of the coun
try, and to convince its citizens of their entire
ability to meet every dollar of liability without
bankrupting them; but, in view of tue accoui
pli.-hment uf these desirable ends, of tho rapid
development of the resources of the country, its
increasing ability to meet large demands, ana tho
amount already paid, it is not desirable that tho
present resources of the country should continue
to bo taxed in order to continue this rapid pay
ment. I therefore recommend a modification of
belli the tariff and tho internal tax laws. I
recommend that all taxes from internal sources
be abolished, except those on splritous, vinous,
and malt liquors, tobacco in Us various forms,
and from stamps. In readjusting the tariff, I sug
gest that careful estimates be made of tho
amount of surplus revenue collected under the
present Jaw, after providing for tho current ex
penses of tho government, tho Interest account,
aud a sinking mud; and that this surplus bo re
duced in such mstuner as to allbrd tho greatest
relief to tho greatest number. There uvo many
articles not produced at home, such as medicines
compounded, from which very little revenue is
derived, but which enter Into general use. All
such at tides I recommend to bo placed
on the free list. Should a further reduction
prove advisable, I would then recommend that
it be made tip on those articles which can bear
it without disturbing home production, or reduc
ing the wages of American labor. I have not en
tered into figures, because to do so would bo to
repeat all that is laid before you iu the report of
the Secretary of tho Treasury.
COMPENSATION OF COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS.
The pjesent laws for collecting revenue pay
Collectors ut Customs small salaries, but provide
lorsliaves in all seizures, which, at tho principal
ports of entry particularly, raise the compensa
tion of these otllcials to a large sum. It has
always seemed to me as if this system must at
times work perniciously. It holds out an induce
ment to dishonest men, should such get posses
sion of those offices, to he lax in their scrutiny of
♦roods entered, to enable them finally to make
iarco seizures. Your attention is respectfully
invited to this subject.
THE CURRENCY
Continued fluctuations in tho value of gold com
pared with the national currency haven most
damaging effect upon tho Increase and develop
ment of the countiy, in keeping up prices of all
aitieles necessary m every-day life. It fosters a
spirit of gambling, prejudicial alike to national
morals and national finances. If tho question
can be met as to how to give fixed value to our
currency, that value constantly and uniformly
approaching par with specie, a very desirable ob
ject will be gamed.
THE ARMY
For the operations of the army in tho past year,
tho expense of maintaining it, the estimates for
the ensuing year, and for continuing the seucoast
and other improvements, conducted under
the supervision of tho tVar Department, I
icfer you to tlio accompanying report of the Sec
retary of War. I call your attention to tho pro
visions of the act of Congress approved March a.
ISGu, which discontinues promotions iu tho Staff
Coipsofthearmy until provided for bylaw. I
recommend that tho number of otliccrs In each
grade of tbe Staff Corps be llxed; aud that, when
ever the number in any one grade falls below tho
number so llxed, tbe vacancy may bclUledby
promotion from the grade below. I also recom
mend that, when the ohiec of Chief of a Corps be
comes vacant, the place may be tilled by selection
from the corps in which the vacancy' exists.
THE SAVT.
The report of tho Secretary of the Navy shows
an improvement in tho number and efficiency of
llic* naval force, without material increase in tho
expense of supporting it. This is due to the pol
icy which has been adopted, and is being extend
ed ns fast as our material will admit, of using
smaller vessels as cruisers on tbo several sta
tions. Bv these means wo have been ena
bled to occupy at once a larger extent
of cruising ground, to visit more
frequently the posts where tho presence of our
flag is desirable, and generally to discharge more
ciliciently the appropriate duties of the navy in
time of peace, without exceeding tho number of
men or the expenditure authorized by law.
During the past year, the navy has, in addition
to its regular service, supplied tho men and pin
cers for the vessels of tho Coast Survey, ami has
completed the surveys, authorized by Congress,
of the Isthmus of Darien and Tehauutepec and,
under like authority, has sent out an expedition,
completely furnished and equipped, to explore
the unknown ocean of the North.
The suggestions of tbo report as to the neces
sity for exercising and improving the material
of tho navy, and the plan recommended for re
ducing tho personnel of the service to a peace
standard, by the gradual abolition of certain
grades of officers, the reduction of others, and
the employment of some in tho service of tho
commercial marine, are well considered and de
serve the thoughtful attention of Congress. I also
recommend that all promotions in the navy
above the rank of Captain be by selection in
stead of by seniority. This course will secure
in the higher grades greater efficiency,
and hold out an incentive to young
officers to improve themselves in tho knowledge
of their profession. The present cost of maintain
ing the navy, its cost compared with that of tho
preceding year, and tho estimates for tho qnsnlng
year, are contained in the accompanying report
of the Secretary of tho Navy.
THE POST OFFICE.
The enlarged receipts of tho Post Office Depart
ment, as shown by the accompanying report of
the Postmaster General, exhibits a gratofymg in
crease in that branch of the public service. It is
tho index of the growth of education, and
of tho prosperity of tho pcox’le—two ele
ments highly conducive to tho vigor
and stability of republics with a
va«t territory like ours, much of it sparely popu
lated, bur all requiring the services of the mail.
It is not at present to be expected tint this de
partment can bo made self-sustaining, but a
gradual approach to this end, from year to year,
fs confidently relied on, and the day is not far dis
tant when tho Post Office Department of the
govornmiuit will prove a much greater blessing
to tho whole people than it is now. Tho sugges
tions of thePostmasterGeueral for improvements
In tho derailment presided over by him are
earnestly recommended to your special attention,
especially the documents favorable to tho consid
eration of the plan for uniting tho telegraph sys
tem of the United States with the postal system.
It Is believed that, by such a course, tho cost of
telegraphing could bo much reduced, and the ser
vice os well. if not better, rendered. It would
secure the further advantage of extending the
telegraph through portions or the country where
private enterprise will not construct it. Com
merce, trade, and, above all, the efforts to bring
a people widely separated into a .community
of interests.aro always benefited by a rapid hi
tcrcommunicatioD. Education, the groundwork of
Republican institutions is encouraged by increas
ing the facilities to gather speedy news from all
parts of the country. The desire to reap tho ben
efit of such improvements will stimulate educa
tion I refer you to tho report of the Postmaster
General for full details of the operations of last
year, aud for comparative statements of results
with former years.
THE KU-KLUX.
There has been imposed unon the Executive
Broach ol tho government the execution of
the act of Congress approved April
20. 1871. and commonly known as tha
Ku-Kiux law, in a portion of tho State of South
Carolina. The necessity of the course pursued
will be demonstrated by the report of tne com
mittee to Investigate Southern outrages. Under
the provisions of the above act, I issued a procla
mation c illing the attention of the people of tho
United States to tbo same, and declaring iny re
luctance to exercise any of the extraordinary
powers thereby conferred upon me, except in ease
of imperative necessity, but making known my
purpose to exercise such powers whenever It
should become necessary to do so fw tbe purpose
of securing to all citizens of tbe United States the
peaceful enjoyment of tbo rights guaranteed to
thc-m by the constitution and the laws. 4-ft°,r
the passage of this law, information was received,
from time to time, that combinations of the char
acter referred to in this law existed, and were
powerful, in many parts of the Southern States,
particularly in certain counties of the State of
South Carolina. Careful investigation was made,
and it was ascertained that, in nine counties of
that State, such combinations were active and
powerful, embracing a sufficient portion of the
citizens to control the local authority, and hav
ing, among other tilings, the object of depriving
tbe emancipated class of tho substantial benefits
of freedom, and of the privilege
of the free political action of those citizens who
did not sympathize with their own views. Among
their operations were frequent scourgings and
occasional assassinations, generally perpetrated
at night, by disguised persons,—tbe victims, in
almost all cases, belnecitizens of different political
sentiments from their own, or freed persons wha
had shown a disposition to claim equal rights
with other citizens. Thousands of inoffensive
and well-disposed citizens were the sufferers by
this lawless violence. Thereupon on tbe I3tn
of October, IS7I, a proclamation was
issued in terms of the law, calling
upon the members of the combination to disperse
w ilbin live clays, and to deliver to tbo Marshal or
military officers of tho United States all anus,
ammunition, uniforms, disguises, and other
means and implements used by them for carrying
out their unlawful purposes. This warning not
having been heeded, on tho 17th of
another proclamation was issued, suspending the
privilege of tbo writ of tiaOcasVforjnts in nine
counties in that State. Direction was given that,
within the counties so designated, persons
supposed, upon creditable information, to be
members of such unlawful combin
ations, should bo arrested by the
military forces of the United States, and deliv
ered to the Marshal, to be dealt with according
to law. In two of said counties, York and Spar
tansburg, many arrests have been made. At the
lust account, the number of persons arrested was
IGB. Several hundred, whose criminality was as
certained to be of an inferior degree, were re
leased for the present. Those have generally
made confessions of their guilt. Great caution
has been exorcised in making these arrests. Not
withstanding the largo number, it Is believed that
no innocent person is now in custody. The
prisoners will be held for regular trial Injudicial
tribunals of tho United States. As soon as It an*
pcared that the authorities of tbo United States
weic about to take vigorous measures to enforce
the law, many persons absconded; and there is
good ground for supposing that all of such per
sons have violated the law. A full report of what
lias been done under this law will bo submitted
to Congress by the Attorney General.
THE MORMONS.
In Utah there still remains a remnant of bar
barism, repugnant to civilization, to decency, and
to tho laws «I tho United States. Territorial otll
cers, however, have been found who are willing
to perform their duty m a spirit of equity, and
with a due seuso ol sustaining tho majesty of tho
law. Neither polygamy nor any other violation
of existing statutes will be permitted within tho
territory of tho United States, it is not with tho
lelighm of the golf-atyled Saints that wo aro now
dealing, hut with their practices. They will bo
protected in the worship of God according to
ihe dictates of their consciences, but
they will not bo permitted to violate laws under
the cloak of religion. It may be advisable for
Congress to consider what, in executing the laws
against polygamy, Is to be theshdu.vof plural
wives and their offspring. The propriety of
Congress passing an enabling act, authorizing tho
Territorial Legislature of Utah to legitamizo all
bom prior to u time llxed iu tho act, might bo
justified by its humanity to these Innocent chib
dim. This is a suggestion only, and not a recom
mendation.
THE INDIANS.
Tho policy pursued toward the Indians has
resulted favorably, so far as can
bo judged from the limited time
during which it baa been In operation. Through
the exertions of the various societies ol Christians,
to whom has been intrusted the execution of tho
policy, and tho Board of Commissioners author
ized by the law of April 10,18C9, many tribes of
Indians hare been induced to settle upon reser
vations to cultivate tbe soil, andperform produc
tive labor of many kinds, and to partially accept
civilization. They are being cured for iu such
way. It is hoped, as to induce those still pursuing
their old habits of life to embrace tbe
only opportunity which is left them
to avoid extermination, I recommend liberal ap
propriations to carry nut tbe Indian peace policy,
not only because it, is humane, Christian-like,and
economical, but because it is right. I recommend
to your favorable consideration, also, tho policy
of granting »territorial government to the Indl
aiuTln the Indian Territory, west of Arkansas
and Missouri, and south of Kansas. In so doing,
every right guaranteed to the Indians by treaty
should be secured.- Such a course might iu time
ho the means of collecting most of tho Indians
between the Missouri and I’acitic and south of
tho British Possessions, into one Territory or one
State, and tho Secretary of the Interior has
treated upon this subject at leneth; and I rcc
omeud to you his suggestions.
THE PUBLIC LANDS.
I renew my recommendations that tho public
lands be regarded as a heritage to our children,
to be disposed of only as required for occupation,
and to actual settlers. Those al
ready granted have been in great
part disposed of in such a way as to secure ac
cess to the balance by tho hardy settler who may
wish to avail himself of them; but caution should
be exercised, even in attaining so desirable an
object. Educational interests may well bo served
bv the grant of the proceeds of the sale of public
lands to settlers. Ido not wish to he understood
as recommending, in tho least degree, a curtail
ment of what is being dono by the General Gov
ernment for the encouragement of education.
THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT.
Tho report of the Secretary of the Interior,
submitted with this, will give you information,
collected and prepared for publication, in regard
to the census taken during the year the
operations of the Bureau of Kducation for the
year; the Patent Ofllcc; the Pension Otllce; the
Laud Office; and the Indian Bureau.
AGRICULTURE.
The report of the Commissioner of Agriculture
gives the operations of his department for the
year. As agriculture is Tbo ground-work
of our prosperity, too much importance
cannot he attached to the labors of this
department. It is in the hands of an
able head, with able assistants, all zealously de
voted lo introducing into the agricultural pro
ductions of the nation all useful products adopt
ed to any of tho various climates and soils of our
vast Teriitorics,andtogivingall useful information
as to tho method of cultivating tho plants, cereals,
and other products adapted to particular locali
ties. Quietly, hut surely tho Agricultural Bu
reau is working a great national good,
ond if liberally supported, tho
more widely its inlluenco will bo extonded, and
the lees dependent we shall be upon products of
foreign countries.
COMPENSATION OF CERTAIN OFFICALS.
The subject of compensation to tho heads of
bureaus, and officials holding positions of respon
sibility, and requiring ability of character to till
properly, is cno to which your attention
is invited. But few of tho officials receive
a compensation equal to tho respectable sup
port of a family, while their duties arc
such as to involve millions of interest. In private
life, services demand compensation equal to the
services rendered. A wise economy would dic
tate the game rule in the government service.
ESTIMATES.
I have not given tho estimates for the support
of the government for tho ensuing year, uor a
comparative statement for the year just passed,
and the onojust passing, because all these llgures
are contained in tho accompanying report, or in
these presented dircctlyto Congress. These esti
mates have my approval.
REMOVAL OF DISABILITIES.
More than six years having elapsed since tho
last hostile gnu was fired bet ween tho armies then
arrayed against eacli other, tho one for the
perpetuation; tho other for tho destruction,
of the Union, it may well ho considered whether
It is not now time that tho disabilities imposed
by tho Fourteenth Amendment should bo re
moved. That amendment docs not exclude tho
ballot, but only requires the disability to hold
office of certain classes. 'When tho purity of tho
ballot Is secure, majorities are
sure to elect officers rellccting tho views of the
majority. I do not sec the advantage or propriety
of excluding men from office merely,because they
were, before the rebellion, of standing and char
acter sufficient to bo elected to positions requiring
them To take an oath to support the constitution;
and admitting the eligibility of those entertaining
precisely the same views, but of less standing in
their communities. It may be said that the
former violated an oath, while tho latter did not.
Tho latter did not have it in their power to do so.
If they had taken this oath, it cannot be doubted
that would huvo broken it,its did tho former
class. If there are any great criminals dis
tinguished above all others for tho
part thev took in opposition to tho government,
they might, in tho judgment of Congress, be ex
cluded from such an amnesty. This subject is
submitted for your careful consideration.
Tho condition of tho Southern States is, unhap
pily, not such as all true patriotic citizens would
like to see. Social ostracism for opin
ion’s sake, personal violence, or threats
toward persons entertaining political vie vs op
posed to those entertained by tho majority of tho
citizens, prevent immigration and tho flow of
mui'li-nccucd capital into tho States lately in re
bellion. It will bo a happy condition of tho coun
try when the old citizens of these States will take
an interest in public affairs, promulgate their
ideas honestly entertained, vote for men repre
senting their views, and permit the same free
dom of expression and ballot in those entertain
ing different political convictions.
THE DISTRICT OF COLCMUIA.
Under tho provisions of the act of Congress ap
proved February 21,1871, a Territorial Govern
ment was organized in the District of Columbia.
Its results have thus far fully realized the expec
tations of its advocates. Under the direction of
the Territorial officers, a system of improve
ments has been inaugurated, by means
of which Washington is rapidly be
coming a city worthy of the nation’s
Capital. The citizens of tho District having vol
untarily taxed themselves to enlarge tho amount,
for the purpose of contributing to tho advance
ment of the seat of government, i reccommend
liberal appropriations on tho part of Congress,
in order that tho government may have its Just
shave of tho expense of carrying out tho various
systems of improvements.
THE GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AT CHICAGO.
By. the great tire in Chicago, the most impor
tant of the buildings in that city were consumed.
Those burned had already became inadequate to
tbe wants of the government in that growing
city, and, looking to tho near future, wore
totally inadequate. I recommend, there
fore. that an appropriation be made im
mediately to purchase the remainder
of the square on which the burned buildings
stood, provided it can be purchased at a fair val
uation,aud provided tho Legislature of. Illinois
will pass alaw authorizingits condemnation for
government purposes; and also an. appropria
tion of as much money as can properly be ex
pended toward the erection of new buildings
during this fical year.
IMMIGRANTS.
The number of immigrants, ignorant of our
laws and habits, coming into our country annual
ly, hoe become so great, andtbo impositions prac
ticed upon them so numerous and fiagrant that I
suggest Congressional action for their protection.
It seems to mo a fair subject of legisla
tion by Congress, tl cannot now state
ns fully ns I desire the nature of tho
complaints made by emigrants of the treatment
they receive, but will endeavor to do so during
the session of Congress, particularly If tho sub
ject should receive your attention.
CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS.
It has been the aim of tho administration to en
force honesty and efficiency in all public offices.
Every public servant who has violated tho trust
placed to him has been proceeded against with
all the vigor of the law. If bad men have scoured
■Dlaecs.it has teen tlie fault of the system estab
lished by law and custom for
making appointments, or the fault of
those who recommend for government positions
persona not sufficiently ■well known to them per
scnallv, or who give letters endorsing the char
acter of office-seekers without a proper sense of
the crave responsibility which such a course'de
volves upon them. A Civil Service reform which
eau correct this abuse is much desired. la
mercantile pursuits, tho business man who gives
u letter of recommendation to a friend to enable
him to obtain credit from a stranger is regarded
aa morally responsible for the integrity of ais
friend and Ids ability to meet his obligations A
fcformatlon which would enforce this principle
against all endeavors of persons for l>ubU3 piaco
would Insure great caution m making
recommendations. A salutary lesson
has been taught tho careless and tho dishonest
servant in the'great number of prosecutions ana
convictions of the last two years. It Is gratlmng
to notice tbe favorable change which is taking
place throughout tho country in bringing to pun
ishment those who have proved recreant to the
trusts confided to them, and in elevating to pub
lic office none but those who possess the contl
dcncc of the honest and virtuous, who, it will
alwevs be found, comprise tho majority of tho
community in which they live. In my message
to Congress one year ago, I urgently recommend
ed a reform in tho Civil Service of tho
country. In conformity with that recommenda
tion, Congress. In the 9th section of an act
making appropriations for sundry civil expenses
of the government and for other purposes, ap
proved ilarcli 3,1871, gave tho necessary author
ity to the Executive to inaugurate a Civil Ser
vice reform, and placed upon him tho respon
sibility of doing so under tho authority of said
act. I convened a board of gentlemen eminently
nualillfed for tho work, to devise rules aud regu
lations to effect the needed reform. Theirlabors
are not yet completed, but it is believed that they
will succeed iu devising a plan which can bo
adopted, to tho great relief of tho Executive,
the heads of departments and, members of Con
gress, and which will redound to tho true in
terest of the public service. At’all events, tho
experiment shall have a fair trial.
CONCLUSION,
I have thus hastily summed up tho operations
of the government during the last year, and
made such suggestions as occur to mo to lie
proper for j'our consideration. I submit them
with a confidence that your combined action will
be wise, statesmanlike, and in tho best interest
of t)ie whole country. _
(Signed), U. S. GRANT, President.
Executive Mansion, Dec. is?i.
REBUILDING CHICAGO,
list of Plans for Business Blocks, Pre
pared by W. 'W. Boyington and
J. M. Van Osdel.
A Vision of tlic City as it Will
Appear One Vear Hence.
From William W. Boyington, the architect, wo
learn that the Sherman House will ho replaced, in
the same general design, the front of stone, and
nu addition in tho rear of 20x100 feet. Every
thing about the structure will be on an improved
and more generous plan. Six stores, of plain ex
terior, but stronger than the buildings they re
place, are soon to be erected on Kiver street, oc
cupying a space 100x107 feet. Matthew Lallin
will build a block of stores, with fronts of red
pressed brick, heavy interior walls, and arches
in game, size COxito, ou Wabash avenue, near
South Water street. The same gentleman will
erect four stores on State, near Lake street, of
similar design, of about the same frontage but
less depth. The fronts will probably
be of stone. The buildings will be
50 per cent better than the old
and will contain the latest improvements. Three
stores, with brick front. 20x105, are to be built by
S. B. Cobb, on Lake, near Wells street. Leander
McCormick is erecting, or about to erect, build
ings at Nos. 04, SO, 33,40 Lake street, and Nos. 61,
CO, and 05 Water street, four stories liigh, and
superior to the buildings that were before them.
J. C. Walters Is to put up a building at the cor
ner of River and Dock streets, with brick front,
handsomely trimmed with stone. E. K. Rogers
is to erect similar buildings on River street, near
the same place, each about 00 feet front. J. C.
"Walters and others have plans for the erection of
a block—banks and ofliccs—at Nos. 75
to 83 South Clark street, of Lake
Superior sandstone, same general design of tho
Boyce Block, corner of State and Madison streets.
No. 139 South Water street is to bo rebuilt of
brick, four-story, with stone trimmings. Nos. 12
and 14 Dearborn street will rebuilt with brick
front and stone trimmings, iron cornice. Tho
McKay Brothers will build a live-story store at
tho corner of Wabash avenue and Randolph
street, pressed-brick front and iron .trimmings.
Heath Milligan are puUingup a building of the
same description on Randolph street, between
LaSalle and Wells streets. C. IL Thom
son will erect an iron-front store on Lake
between Clark and LaSalle streets. Buildings of
brick will bo erected at No. 7 South Clark, cor
ner of Fifth avenue and Adams street, corner of
51 Ichigan avenue and Jacksoa street, corner of
Wabash avenue and Congress street, and No-.
335 and 357 Wabash avenue, by James Leo, Jr.,
Edward McConnell, B. I*. Gardner, J. P. Willard
and W. B. Pearce, respectively. The first two
will have plain fronts, tse third terra cotta trim
mings, the fourth stone trimmings, and the last
mi iron front. Of several others by the same ar
chitect, we have two with brick fronts and atone
trimmings and two with stone fronts.
JOHN* 31. VAN OSI>EL.
Architect, comer of LaSalle ami Monroe streets,
is engaged iu the construction of a block of live
stores on the southwest corner of LaSalle and
South "Water streets, for estate of Ira Couch. The
block trouts SO feet on South Water and 150 feet
on LaSalle street; will bo of brick, with iron
fronts In Urst story; to be four stories high, and
of most substantial character. Also, a block of
three brick stores for same estate, on South
Water street, between Clark and LaSalle streets,
2G feet 8 inches front each, and 140 feet deep, four
stories, constructed similar to llrst-mentioned
block. He is also preparing plans for a block on
the site of tho old Tromont House,
fronting ICO feet on Lako and isi feet
cn Dearborn street. Tho block will
contain two stores, 40 bj* 131 feet, fronting on
Lake street, and extending through to Couch
place to be live stories high, frout and rear of
first, story of iron, fronts oi pressed brick, with
cut stone trimmings; the front on Dearborn
street will be finished for banks aud lirst-class
offices; tho principal floor will be elevated eight
feet above the sidewalk. Also for Cyrus H. Me
Cormiek a tivc-story store on the northwest oor
ncr Lako and Michigan avenue 641-2 feet frout
on Lokc, and 118 feet front on Michigan avenuo;
Lake street frout, of elaborate cut stono work;
avenue front, of pressed brink, with
elaborate stone trimmings. Also, foe
same party, two live-story stores
No. 10 and 21 Lake sheet, 32 feet front each, and
170 feet deep; fronts same as last mentioned
store. Also for same party, a block of three stores
on Michigan avenue, between Madison and Mon
roe streets, 40 feet front each, and iso feet deep,
live stories brick, for first-class wholesale stores.
Also for same party, an office buildlug for banks,
etc., on the southeast corner of Randolph and
•'Dearborn streets, on the site of tho lormcr.
McCormick Budding," designed to excel in
beauty aud fluish the last building; will front 80
feet on Randolph street, and 100 feet on Dearborn
street. Also for same gentleman, a
similar building on the northeast
corner of Clark and Washington
streets, 100 feet front on Clark street and so feet
on Washington street. Also a live-story building
forS. B. Cobh, on tho southwest corner of Lake
street and Michigan avenue, 120 feet front on
Lake and 00 on Michigan avenue; five stories;
front on Lake street of cut stone; tho building to
be similar and in all respects equal to the. one
known as “Cobb’sßlock," lately occupying the
premises. Also on tho southeast corner of Lake
street aud Michigan avenue, tor Messrs. H.ile
Ayer, a first-class brick store, 72 feet front and
130 feet deep, live stories, similar to tho one de
stroyed. Also a flve-story elegant cut atone front
building ou the site of the lato ♦•Oriental Build
ing,” on La LuUe sheet, for banks and offices, 75
feet frout and ICO feet deep. Also rebuilding
the Republic Insurance Building, 83 feet by so
feet, 5 stories and basement, similar to original
stmeture, except without Mansard roof. Abo,
for Thomas Hoyne, ou LaSullo street, opposite
tho Court House, an office building, 20 feet front,
150 feet deep, front of cut stono. Also, for same
gentleman, on the southeast comer ot Clark and
Slonroo sti eets, four-story cut-stouc front bnild
irg, 43 feet on Clark, and 00 feet on Monroe street.
Also, eight tour-story brick stores on State street,
between Van Burcn and Harrison street, front
ing in ono block iso feet ou State street, and 05
feet deep. Also, three stores on State street tor
W. Alexander, near Vaußuren, to bo eo feet
front, and 95 feet deep, four stories. Also, on tho
northwest corner of Clark and Madison streets,
an office building for Mr. Turemau, 20 feet by 03
feet, five stones, cut stone, in best style. Also
two four-story stores on Clark street, 21 feet front
each and 50 feet deep, for Rufus Blanchard and
Z. Eastman, to have elaborate iron fronts. Also
for John V, Farwell Co., on Monroe, near Mar
ket street, a live-story brick building, with terra
-cotta trimmings, to front 135 feet on Monroe
street, and extend hack 100 feet. Also two ele
gant live-story stores tor Frederick Tattle, on the
northeast corner of State and Lake streets, front
ing 67 feet on Lako and 110 ou State street; front
on Luke street of iron, In beat stylo.
Also a block for •J. II Burch, *bn
tho southwest comer of Wabash avenue and Lake
street, four stores, fronting 170 feet on Wabash
avenue, and lie feet on Lake, live stories flrst
story Iront of iron; superstructure of pressed
brick, with elaborate terra cotta trimmings.
Also an elegant office building on the northeast
corner of Dearborn and Washington streets, live
story, cut-stone, elaborate fronts, 30x30 feet, tor
Mrs. McCarthy. Also on the southwest corner of
Dearborn and Washington streets, for J. Kendall,
an elegant office building, cut-stone front on both
streets, 40x50 feet, live stories, flre-proof through
out, (for ordinary conflagrations).
Mr. Van Osdel has many other buildings pro
jected, to be Imilt next summer, but not suffi
ciently matured ro be made public. He says;
“If the prices of labor aud materials .for
building aro not unwarrantably kigh,
fully one-fourth of the
places of our commercial centre will bo rebuilt,
more beautifully and substantially than ever.
Tho Palmer Grand Hotel will bo pushed tor warn
to completion the next year, _ und wul noc
varied from the designs furnished by Mr.
Osdel before tho lire. This will :|Jx
most elegant and imposing hotel erect-
Unitcd States. Mr. Palmer contemplates eye
ing other, and very extensive, Field
son, among which may bo mentioned t r
teller linlldiDs and the block oroona the First
National Bank. rn pipn.
Scarcely a building of all those we havo mgn
tloued but will bo stronger and mote ucauwioi
than the one It replaces.
Thom rfBM nr» before the mi id’s eye a vision
St~iSv«led The Lake Superior sandstone Is to
he SnJxtoueivo element in rebuilding. Tba gray
and drab Etonra '"•ill everywhere appear, espe
mbllv about tho central portions ot tho city, dho
mabwilv ot the structures, judging from present
will have fronts of one material, re
i"evcd by trimmings ot another. This will assist
in cfvinff Chicago something of the look of an
Indian City. Iron fronts will he numerous, but
will ho generally painted In shades
of gray. drab or h-own, blending
harmoniously with the negative hues ot this lime-
stone and Ohio sandstones. Milwaukee-brick
will be often seen, cither forming entire fronts,
or adorning fronts of other material.
The reappearance of buildings with the same
features in the main, but improved, aiui fresh,
and new. will have the effect of meeting an old
and tried friend in a bran new Sunday shit. In
a year the old landmarks will rise out t»f tho
ruins, on every hand, above tho unsightly sheds
that disfigure thu burnt district. The Nov
House will appear at the west cud of the Wash-
In don street tunnel, clad in tho same dress, but
a story less.in height, and will ho devoted t«*
business purposes. Tho block of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, corner of Clark and Washing
ton streets, will bo restored. The Sherm in
IldUao will have put on Its primitive splendor,
and tower with grander dimensions than
before. The Tjjikune Building will appear com
plete in tho old proportions, but bright ami
ruddy, being faced with red brick from Phil
adelphia. Tho Tremont House, an old and
valued friend has gone forever. The new hotel
of Potter Palmer, and tho Field A Letter Clock,
will stand erect like gray giants from the wa*te
of brie’s and mortar. The First National Cant
will look as before. The Coyco Block will bo
finished of elegant design, but sober appearance.
The llorid architecture of tho Hunorc Building
will again delight the eye. Other architectural
faces, slightly changed in complexion and
features, will greet tho beholder so familiarly
that he will scarcely realize that they have been
destroyed.
The Custom House and the Court House with
their enlarged dimensions, and half-built walls,
will form tho uuchi of busy industry. The re
gion of Water street will have again its old eliar
actorlstics, but bo brighter and more cheerful.
The general air of newness will bo refreshing:
the vigor and energy everywhere will belike now
young blood infused into tho veins of advanced
years. Still there will bo ugly gaps intervening.
There will lie fearfnl traces of rains, broken
walls that have been untouched since tho lire,
shapeless piles of brick and stone, and perhaps
the blackened arch of a church mournfully sug
gestive of the past. The streets will bo encum
bered, and reviving business griramed and be
draggled with the dust and ashes o' resurrec
tion'.
Through all the crowded alloys of this unfin
ished metropolis will heave and* surge, and fall
tho fiercely sweeping currents of humanity.
Man «vl5I again imperiously assert the eternal eua
trol of mind over matter. The vast chaosofhrirk-*.
wood, and mortar will have begun to assume
definite shape, but like clouds that curdle slowly
into form. This for tho city of Chicago a year
from to-day. The day and hour when the last
brick shall be laid, the last nail driven, aad t!u
Western metropolis, finished and complete, shall
rise to her full stature without one stain of tho
ashes of tho conflagration upon her garments,
we will not attempt to determine.
THE CITY IN BRIEF.
A Dangerous Collision.
Sin:e the fire the tendency to extreme reckless
ness in fust driving has p erce Ptihly increased
for the reason, probably, that the police are not
disposed to bother their heads much about tho
matter. A dangerous collision and smash-tip oc
curred last Saturday afternoon, ou State street,
through careless driving, nearly costing the lives
of a hoy and two men, ami seriously imperilling
tho safety of a largo number of persons.
An express wagon, laden with
crockery, tinware, etc., was proceeding
south, along State street, and as It crossed Fif
teenth street, a baker's wagon came tearing along
that street at a rapid rate of speed, and in trying
to get on the track in front of the express wason,
struck the horse of the latter, driving him with
great force, pell mell against a street cu* going
north on the other track. Tho horse was thrust
nearly half way into the car windows, cutting
his mouth and nose'sovorclr, but luckily, none of
tho passengers were hurt, although several had :i
narrow escape. The ocenpanls of the express
wagon—the driver and two little boys—were
not. so fortunate. The wagon
was capsized violently. smashing
its contents, while the smaller lad was thrown to
the ground and dangerously Injured about the
head, being picked nn in an insensible condition.
The other two escaped with slight bruises. Tho
name and cumber of the baker’s wacou were
taken, and it is probable that tho driver will bo
made to rue his recklessness.
Cash Contributions,
The following is a list of tho contributions in
money received oy the Chicago Relief ami Aid
Society, up to November is, from forty States ami
Territories:
Massachusetts
New York
Vermont.
Pennsylvania
Maryland
New Jersey.
California.!
Connecticut
.Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Maine
Washington, D. C
Ohio
Illinois
Virginia
Kansas
Utah Territory.
Oregon
Indiana
Missouri
Minnesota......
Tennessee
Nebraska
C010rad0.....
Louisiana
10wa...
Delaware
Texas
Kentucky
Arkansas
Georgia
Nevada
New Mexico
Florida
youth Carolina....
Michigan
Washington Territory
Wisconsin
North Carolina
Mississippi
Gva d total.
Announcements.
A special meeting of tho Soldiers’ Home Board
will bo held at Dr. llamill’s office. No. 629 Wa
bifch avenue, entrance on Thirteenth street, to
day, at 11 a. m.
—Tabernacle Division S. of T. will hold a public
meeting at the hall No. 679 West Lake street, this
evening. There will be addresses by clergymen,
and other speakers.
—Lev. Jacob Knapp will preach every evening
this week in the Finn Baptist Church, corner of
Harrison and Sangamon streets. Subject tor this
evening: “Tho Origin, Character,-Work, and
Destiny of the Devil."
—There will he a public meeting of Garden City
Division S. of T., at their hall, corner of Randolph
and Clinton streets, this evening. The puhiio
aud friends of tho cause of temperance are in
vited to attend.
—Tho Western Advent Christian Publishing
Association will hold an annual meeting in this
city, commencing to-morrow morning at tho Ad
vent Christian Cuapel on Green, borr, 'n Madison
ond Monroe streets, with business sessions daily,
and preaching every evening this week.
The Prize-Fight,
The New Orleans Times concludes its report of
the recent mill between Mace and Coburn as fol
lows: "The two, aceommpanied by their friends,
then took a seat beside each other at a tire. Thov
then shook hands, and concluded to drop all oltl
scores. Mace there Informed our reporter that,
in the third round, tho last two lingers on his
left hand had been dislocated, which ren
dered Ins chief defence useless. Ho further
slated that ho had received ten heavy blows over
the left hip, which injured him materially, but
would not have disabled him could he have used
hia left hand and arm. The utmost good feeling
seemed established between the principals, who
were loud in commendation of each other’s prow
ess, aud, no doubt, delighted to get oat of trouble
so easy.” This, then, appears to couilrui the as
sertions made by tho leading sporting men in
this city, that the whole affair was a “put up”
job between Mace and Coburn, who simply wero
hippodromlng for tho “gate money.”
Lost or missing.
Tho Chicago Relief and Aid Society have re
ceived letters of inquiry for tho following per
sona Sir. Wm. Fothergill Jow, formerly of No ;U4
North avenue. Church streor, Chicago, is anx
iously inquired after by his mother, Mrs. Jow. of
Pentwyu place, Abcrsychaw, Pouty-pool, Eng
land. Mrs. Harriet Couway. formerly of No. li
Chicago avenue, is anxiously inquired after
by her father, Robert Marshall, No.
38 Leicester street, Northampton, England. If
Mr. H. Cox, policeman or Constable, sees this, ho
is requested to give any particulars ho may
know as to the fate of Mrs. Conway and family.
Homer and Laura Merrill are inquired after by
their relative, Sarah M. Pardee, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y. William Boomer and wife, who lived at
No. no West Polk street, are earnestly inquired
after by their parents, Mr. and Mrs. James Mc-
Gowan, of No. 109 Victoria, Belfast, Ireland.
Insurance meeting.
A meeting of tho policy-holders in. tho Occiden
tal Insurance Company* of California, was iielil
yesterday afternoon at 4 o’clock, at the office of
James Baxter Co., whore policy-holders to tlm
amount of $98,0C0 were present. Judge Van IT.
Higgins was elected Chairman, and JLW. p*ko
Secretary. After discussing generally the in. fi
ner in which the company has treated the aulTi r
ers here, a committee of throe was appointed to
investigate further the affUirs of the company
and ordered to report to an adjourned meeting at
the same place, on Friday next, at 4 o’clock p in-
The Committee consists of Judge Van H. Higgiza,
and Messrs. Hathaway and Halo. All tmso
present were opposed to accepting any such
amount as offered by the company.
miscellaneous.
Mr« O’Leary’s cow, that either did, or didn’t,
set Chicago on lire, has been bought on specula
tion by two Louisville (Ky-) boys.
—The Board of Public TV orbs want to hire a tug
to ply between the city and the crib this winter,
anil Will advertise for proposals for the same.
U —The work of laying water pipes m various
rnrts of the City has been suspended for the win
ter by the Board of Public Works, on account of
tin* told weather. _
1 —The annual meeting of the Board of Managers
of the Newsboys’ and Bootblacks’ Homo was
railed for yesterday afternoon, at the office of U.
S Bouton «fc Co corner of Fifteenth and Dear
born streets, but, as the intensely cold weather
prevented the attendance of a quorum, no busi
ness was transacted.
—The Board of Public Works have ordered the
drawing of plans and specifications for a viaduct
c>n North Clark street, over tho railway' track on
>*orth Water street. Tha board lias also. ordered
the immediate erection of temporary shells over
the foot passage entrances of the La Salle street
tunnel.
—Car drivers cannot bo too careful In allowing
lady passengers to alight. On Sunday, while a
young lady, named Miss Lee, was stepping from
a State street car, the driver started up .too soon,
and sue was hurled to tho ground, breaking au
ann and receiving internal Injuries. She was
promptly attendou to by Dr. E. J. Farweii, and
will recover.
—Btv. Dr. Humphrey, Moderator of tho Gen
eral Assembly, issues an appeal to the Presby
terian Churches in tho United States for aid, to
enable the brethren to rebuild their temples of
worship in Chicago. He says that SIOO,OOO may
easily be added this year, to the contributions of
a church of over 4C0.000 members.
—APennsylvania paper says: “Chicago was
probably tho most populous eityjn the world,
previous to tho confiagratiou. Some 14.009,000 of
uer destitute citizens have passed through this
city iu the past three weeks, you can’t throw a
cat in any direction without hitting a‘sufferer.’
The dodge is becoming threadbare.
—During the present year twelve Swiss guides
have been lost by climbing the Alps—a larger
number than has been lost, it Is said. In any ono
year since 1853. Seven of them perished from
avalanches, and three from falling into crevasses.
.$517,730.12
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