BEATE V7. oh” i Fi i de PRES TRE RE vai "NEW-YORK DAILY TRIBUNE, FRIDA mpertance all the same. The great sign of good hope. "shen, is that many, I should say majority, of these resolutions were favorable, at least in principle, to the ~pompulsery primary instruction, admitting by inforence when hot directly asking ite gratuity as well. It is not ‘worth while to exaggerate the urgency. Observe that ‘not all the Councils expreascd so much as mild approval, or went 80 far even as to recognize the principle. Be tween admission of a principle and frank acceptance. let alone zealous advocacy of ite practical application, there fe a wide interval, on the further side of which too many of the voting councilors are glad to simidly wait. Per contra, sowe of them, the majority of our Sejne depart ment councilors, for too rare example, are in working earnest. Over their Budget, however, to a main extent, they have control. The Prefect, on presenting if, admits that the appropriation for common scheo’s should be raised from $100,000 to a little more than $200,000. i A parenthetical paragraph, if only for the benefit of the Dix and Fetridge Ame rican Republican landators and lamenters of the iil-passed time of the late Emperor and his Parisian Vice, Baron Hansmann, 1s fit in place here. The primary edn ation fund cones of a special tax technically known as the “Three Centres.” Of thia ax $100,000 were nominally set apart for common schools, But during the late rei, Hausmani, uncontrolled mis manager of all ¢ity funds, abstracted a part of thir sum to fill little chinks of need and waste in his embeliish ment ontlava, And so, while Tmperial Paris was ever growing ond tn endliess hard Lined new boulevards, keptin a state of anti-r publican cleanliness, to the boundless admiration of all Fetridees, 61.000 Paris elnldren wore kept out of nurrow, crowded, nasty school houses, grow ing up tobe Communards, and the intellizent shrieking horror of the Pet Lire class, Prefect Leon Ray, having proposed that alittle over $200,000 of the procecds of the “three Centimes™ shoud be turned now to their proper use, a Conneillor proposed that sll the revenne from that source should Le turned Jute the froe-sel ol chanel, The Prefect accepted the amendment, which was voted unanimously. bina later session the tiple question of obligatory, gratiions, Lae primary instruction, came up for disenssfon, repo nz on, ard vortag, For obligatory instracton there was w unanimons Miineative vote; for absolule gratuity, 49 Yeas and 27 Naysi for eseusicely baie teaching, 41 Nuys to 7 Yeas, Tue sparit of the wovenaont iS watching on, Tue soul of Fravee is not dead. Vv. iL WH Yeas and 27 Nays; for ese’usieety fae Teaco dl Nay to 7 Yeas, Tue sprit of the woven UU ds watchs on Tue soul of Fravee is not dead. Vo. il MH. e—————— PROGRLISS OF REFORMS IN RUST, AGITATION TO ABOLISH THE ¥XDMPTION oF THN NOBILITY FROM DIRECT TAXATION =CONTI TION OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, (FROM A SPECIAL CORLESPONDENT OF THE TRIBE NE] KT. PETERSBUKG, Nov. 10,—=iuce the oboli tion of corporal punishment, the emancipation of the serfs, and the “ompul-ory military service, there remains but one privilege to the Rossian noo dlity, that of exemption from direct taxation. An au tation for the abolition of this lust disiiue tion, and for rendering all wen equal before the law, 1a now putting all think nz Russia into ¢oonine tion. Tt will seareely be believed that, ina country where the peasantry are so very poor as in Rus to, they pay almost the whole of the taxes. They wore Jeft, orn fact placed in this situation by the cinane. pation, and nothing has been done since then to relieve thew, Were they more educated or more excitable they would rise in rebellion: as it is they endure witha passive atoloisun Now, what with new taxes for the support of the provincial institutions and with other burdens, tie situation has become sa derperate that some remedy must be found, Every party or coterie comes forward with its own panacea, Some aavee te nothing tat anincome tax, to others a land tax seems the ony cure: some wich to Keep ddl the burden on the peasant, only ina diferent forin: others propese that the nobiley and meretans, the classes in whose Lands is concen trated all the wealth of the Empire, except the mere and owned by the peasantry, shall pay their share, The polility of Moscow, ever in advance of the pest, have prepesed to sive vp their rghit to xemption from taxa tion, and propose to pay their proportion. Oue Conus son Las long had un ler consideration the chance in the tax syste, another Las just been appoeaited to discuss the abolition of the poll tax, Toe provincial Avsepmihiies, the noosspapers and Journais—-all are ocenpicd with pro Jeet: and disenssions, Tt is ou'y to be feared that pais cyposition may pat off tiie day of efor, As I said just now, the peasantry have chsolntely uo property bat their land (which is bot yet Wo paid for), ther hots, their cattle, and their rear valine of Lois 1 oid goods, Hoards of money saved are rae. Yet, out of the &@,200 000 in direet taxes received an Bossi oot fncindinge the payments and interest on Lands), 372,050,000 are paid by the peasants alone, and of the readuder they pay a pert. Then tink of the indirect taxes: the yeveaue from the evel eon spits anor iis to $8000.09 Yearly, ad nearly every hopeck of that cones from the pock ts of the peasants, The direct taxes ou each wale average from $2 04 to 8&4 76, and, if we include the quit rents still in arrear, it will make a sun ol from $20 40 to &0 80 tor a family where these are three adull wale-— the usual proportion in Bus da. That may sec a stdl sun. but it will Be at least one-half or two-thirds of tie income of a peasant family, arising froin agriculture sinply. The consequence is that in very many prov. fruces there is always a deticit, ax the fannly cannot live amd #1] pay taxes These have to Le raised by extra work of gone kind, dither in manufactures, potty trade, or Labor which is not azericuk tural, Men go oft on boats, or tramp off to districts where Jaboor is scaree during the Summer, leaving the women at Lowe to till the fields, for the only purpose of finding money to pay ther taxes, Sometimes this method fails then, the harvests are bad, or they cun tind no work— and they are nnable to paygthe tax. Some of thelr cattle are seized and gold by the tax-gatherer, and the next year they ave still less prosperous, There are some dis tricte where the taxes are alwavs in arrears. On the other hand there are nobles with incomes of from &0,000 to $000,000 year, Who pay nothing, except the local rate for the proviceial institutions and before the lust few years they did noteven pay that. And there are mer chants with as large or with larger incomes in the great towns, who pay perhaps £250 afyear asa guild tax, and that is all. It is easy to'pereeive that a evetem like this, which takes all the taxes from thoere least able to pay them the very reverse of what exists in England and America w= i# Fuineus to the economical interests of the country. 1¢ isonly bere that people seen to be unaware of the truth trat the more prosperons the lower classes become, the greater the reveoue of the country will be, It isnot only the amount of taxes, but the way they are paid, which is oppressive. With the communal system of land tenure there is united a collective guaranty of all the members of the commune for each individual, The taxes are levied on the communes which assess the taxes on the imdividual members. In this way the active and tndustrious are punished for the lazy and drunken, for the taxes must be had, somehow or other. This col lective guaranty was fouud by the Goverument i useful and convenient thing in the collection of taxes, and of recruits for the army, and it has been fanctioned and aintained in force, Tozether with the movement for a reform tn taxation is one for an abolition of the colle t Ive guaranty ut it does not make much headway, though the Provinoad Diet of St. Petershurg reported in favor of tat the last session. Everything seems to turn in a vicious circle. The tax system cannot be re formed, cries one party, tll the collective guaranty is ubolished; this gitaranty cannot be disposed of uptil the toxation Is reformed, says another, and go it goes. Moanwhile the passport system, so vexatious and oppressive, must stay iu force til both ave reformed, and workmen in Moscow aud St. Petershnrg have to zo or #end to some distant part of the Lunire every year to renew their passports, hut thor request will not be acceded to before thelr share of the taxes is paid, a share that is greatly increased when the peier are 80 far off: beside they are subjected to extortions sud exactions on the part of the officials through whose hands the passports go. Every reform now seems to he treated by very, very many, in a mere financial light how it will affect the revenue, In spite of the goad in tentions of the Emperor, and the noble enthusiasm of the rising generation, bureaucracy sends far and wide jt evil, crushing futtuence. The idea cannot be eradicated from oficial winds, that the Government was created for thelr amusement and occupation, aud that the people ure solely to pay the taxes and Jet thew ‘run the wa chine.” And what do the peasantry get for all their toil and Boney V Look at the roads aud bridges, they are iinprov ng, itis tro, at ge y are #till very baud. The peasantry need and Lie suxious fo education, yet when $95,000,000 8 year are oat on the urmy, ouly $7,000,000 are set apart fon pubic dustmetion—ghout the same us for the €Xperres of he lwperisd Court—of whieh less than She YOaF tb Gbaed Er 0 the Ti®ueury at the cud of the cglilion now goin SBh60eua ry, Let us hove that liken two ATR and the iuterest taken in eniizhitencd clisses iu a fund education=by ui the tive of saluiuy results Xi} wooy Lio produc. Ewperor 1s a constitutional Puan, Wire the of the counts suvercidn, the Wiches 1 y arc consulted, und tue country accordingly in a state of prosperity y. A decree has Just been issued convoking the Diet of Finland at Helsingfors on the 1st of February, 1872. Riuce 1809 when the union with Russia was affirmed, there has bern DUIY UBC BCE8IOn 004 1BE Dieleil 1563. wher. tr oo 13 x oa oveat slam of 2004 hope, for the first time by Russian Emperor. IU seems that there is no fixed time for ita scssions, and the Emperor, as Gragd Duke of Finland, has the right of convoking it or not, as suits his pleasure. He is probably the only constitutional sovereign in the world who can legally dispense with theladvice of the representatives of the people. The coming session has caused much excitement and interest in Finland, and the whole country is occupied with canvassing and preparing forthe elections. Te Meiers in eotruption, hy ho s dh n t died oll They were The Russian newspapers are reprinting with pleasure the programmes for the reception of the Grand Duke Alexia, whose detour by Madeira makes him ro long on the wav. At the same time they are discussing tho Catacazy afiair. The Journal de St. Petersboury nud the tiolos, lave both published articles, which are believed to cote from the Foreign ottice, apparently to quiet any ebnllition of public opinion, and to explain why the Rus sian Government was unable to act at once on the re quest ef {ie United states for the recall of Mr. Cataciazy. There need he no fear of public opinion here on this sub Jeet, for Mr, Catacazy is well known here, and nearly every one is pleased at hie misadventure. Even the articles in the newspapers seem to fmply this, though they contain little hints on the way of asking for a Minusted's recall, as if it might have been better done $9 this case. At the came time they give Goy. Curtin high pralse for the Waker 1 which he conducted the negotiations here, If Mr, Catacazy comes back here be will have a bard time of it, for hie has not now the support which he Lad when Le wus annotated. Shea AY 4 BRD WY BEAL IR BRT APRRRARIL RNR LAR BR mE 2 eless Mr, Catacazy comes back here he will inve a bard time of it, for hie has tot now the support which he Lad when he wus appotated, J THY INSURRECTION IN CUBA. MASSACRE OF AN OVERSEER AND SEVERAL NE GIHOLS BY THE SPANIARDS—A RE (UEST TO DOMINICANS TO LEAVE THE (ODNTRY VULRTO PRINCIPE AGAIN THREATENED DY TIE CURANS, [FROM THE REGULAR CORRESPONDENT OF THE TRIBUNE] ilavana, Nov. 18.—[t is evident that misfor tune follows the steps of the Captam-General an every hing that he undertakes. The proof of this, without wentioning the inefliciont trocha, we have now in Guan tanamo. He thought of swrounding the patriots with bayonets, and, with this object in view, he sent to Guan: tanamo all the forces he could afford. The patriots in the mean time, determined to always baffle his plans, and went to Baracoa, leaving the Count to his disappoint. went, Thus, the Captain General has to move lis troops from Guantanamo. This new plan exerts a great moral Cafluence over the soldiers, Lud even over those who are not in the army. The failure of the combinations of (Ler chief eatses a very bitter fecling winone thom, and taany men not accnstoined to the hardsiopa of war Laving been crafted into the army, the hospitals are filed with new patients, Tseens that the jurisdiction bof TTolenin has become one of the military centers of tue Repableans, The renowned eliefs, Movtexto raz {and Vicente Garcia, have, 1 thunk, placed their cap there, thongh the latter, as is sce taned, has evaded [the Jurisdictions of Caba aud Jocuani, accoipani d by Col. Pay ai, Who has beeoine conspioilous fn the vanks of the pattie, The Calan sympathizers In this city sneak of a decd commiticd by the Spawards which 07 every lottanue Leart with indigration, ‘The Lioutepant-Goserioer of Holzain, Sciior Huerta, met, ona raid which be mide, the overs er of a valaable plantation of the district con Ling to the city with a patie of negroes, Tie plantation Pad teen destroyed by the Republicans, and the cumds thot were mn it made prisoners of war, The Repubhenns also took away wany slaves and plenty of clothes, They left the overseer behind with seme of the negioes, in order that be wight accotpany the negroes atid pest nt thedr ill-treatment by the Spaniards, The overseer gave {the Governor nidnnte detniis of the capture of the plantation, The Governor, after hearing iui patiently, remarked tht if the pattiots had not known that he (the overseer) did not sympathise with them, ther would Lave killed bits thi 01 he and the negroos were Spates they eught to have proved their nationality by tivhing the Cubans, and so the Geverner intended to paunish then very severely, He causcd the party to be attacked by Lis soldiers, and killed the nnfertunate overseer and fen or teelve necroes, Some of the nesrocs fled to the woods, pat of them suffering from wounds. Hie is the condition of the country people in tas dsonts of they creape from the Cubans, they cannot avoud the virdict ive sword of the Spaniards. In Camalote, Lajas, Gracia, and Santo Angenstin, the Spanish troops have had enconnters wiih the a bvaneing prrtics of the Republicans, In ro Aci the Spaviards 1eport the capture of Antonio Olive, who came in the Upon expedition, In Provinea, Herradora, Brenosa, aed Ro Buaco, encazemoent= have ocearrod without any decisive resus, North-east of Holguin, between Ta Cojo and Geronimo, 24 ales from the clef town, a Spans ishoiorce, eomnanded by Gov, Huerta in person, was at tucked by the Calans under Jo=¢ Pavan, and driven from the place. The patriots haras considered tint they entail at least certain defeat upon himself, and the opposition profess to believe themselves stiong enongh to carry the election, If he attewpe their deicai, IU is boped that they ean Binpeach him ot ounce, In uhy case, therefore, the Governor is to be shorn of his sirength, and in any cose, too, hwmpeached, of posible, His oily show, from present appearances, Hes uw cons centration ol sutlicient strength on the opening of the session to depose the Speaker, Mr, Carter, He teds me ines that be intends to win the tight, Perunps he Had, P’. S&—=inee the foregoing was forwarded, the death of Licat.-Gov, Dann, winde in some vespeetson pleating the situation, haw probably helped Governor Waoaoth to Olorve douroe, AUTUMN 43/0NG THE PURITANS tlm. NOVIEMEBLI IN PLYMOUTH—IN DOORS—T1ii, NEW= ENGLAND WOMEN, PryyouvrH, Mass, Nov, 25.—Life long hore is tull of novelty, rich, simple, and ine xbaustivle, These silver-gray November days read like a leaf from a book. In this quiet neighborhood the speech and traditions of generations gone may be sensed,” as local idiom has it, in the every-day life. The heavy Enclish table at which this is written is hundreds of years oll, and its network of twisted legs, in Elizabethan fashion, was the work of no colonial mechante, The arm-chair of Indian chintz where I sit bas held Pilgrims before me, Imagine, if you please, a low-Lrowed cottage, near enough to the bay to afford a gleam of blue water throngh the orchard boughs behind it, the Jaterior filled with old furniture, over which rules the stately figure of the oldest man in the village, whose tiem ory, a8 he says, ‘‘goes back 150 years,” fed by the memories of the old before hin Old ways are cherished in this house; neighbors come in without knocking, which would be far too tormal from any ot the familiars of the family there 18 much speaking of a tience and Nathaniel, Joab and Jerasha, 'Bijal and Dru «illu, old names that smack of Puritan lveage and simple bringing-up. There is sending round of quince pies and cider, chowder, clam fritters, and “muddle.” Do you know what a maddie is in coast language 1 It is the Jowls and sounds of fresh cod stewed up with pork and seasonings in fisherman's style. Beside these, this is the season for that crowning dainty of the shore, fresh cods’ tongues fried ike oysters, but far wore delicate. Theology is the favorite gossip, Evening comes, Au tun storms take possession ot the coast, The blows of the surf along the beach, the trouble of naked trees with the gale, the hoarse gathering moan of the deep, the knocking of the sea wind at the door, gre about and beset the bonse, Tn-doors, the mellow, bright, wood fires invite to social 8 o'clocks, and neighbors come dropping in, the women armed with patchwork or trousers to stitch up, while the wen delight themselves with stories beginning When I was a boy.” Calm nights, the llzhts of the mackerel fishery dropping for bait are keen tirough the orchard boughs, while overhead the aurcra flings its rosy and silver fives, presage of storm and tidal waves dike that which rose in the meadows last week— the highest known for twenty years, Sunny days it is warm and fresh as Spring. You would Lardly know it was New-Eugland, to talk of gathering pebbles and sea-weed in November, It seems as if the life, the exhilaration of the wen air forbade feehng cold. And the coast dunes are beautiful in the tinted air which lies purple over the woods, and rosy over the gand-faces, Near at hand, the willow and cherry branches glow like yellow aud blood red flames on the margin of russet meadows, keying everything into Autumn harmony with the bright, soaring, ineffable blue above. The gracious reverse of seasons counts the odors and colors of April backward to us in days when harbor and head-Linds are wrapped in softest sunny mist like the distance of Italian pictures, and mild as the days after the equinox iu Spring. Out of doors is so much better, that it is tedious talking about men and women. There 1s a &taidness and precision in this ‘prime type of New England villages which strikes one from the West with becotatng reverence for age and position, But itis related that some Plymouth travelers in Leyden could find neither trace nor recollection of their ances tors, The burghers of Leyden had no record of an event <0 trivial as the sojourn of the Puritans there, or the preaching of John Robinson, What was a past of 250 years to the antiquity of a continental town that sent armies against the Turks, and stood sieges centuries be fore the Puritans were thought oft It is good for Ameri cans to run their heads against the old walls of Europe, to learn how young thiscountry is. But 230 years counts tor a evele here, long enough at least to banish the rich woods from Plymouth shores, which now are so bare that one would never guess that the pines grew to the edge of the beach less than a hundred years ago. The Indians say that they used to hunt over the meadows where Plymouth Bay now ebbs and flows; but before the Pilgrins came the ground suukjin a great carth quake, aud the water rushed in, forming the harbor. The bare, ugly irlands in sight joined the main land by long strips of sand within the memory of those now liv ing, and were feathered with pine, the trunks of which are scen, by those who sail past, under the blue water. Fifty years aco, Capt. Robe Roberts, one of the rich merchant captains of those days—one of those comfortably -off meniwho don’t know how much prog erty they have —offered to build a long wharf at the north end of the harbor and a break-water, £0 that his whips could enter at Plymouth, if the town would take hdf the expense, But the fathers of the town were cau tious, and the chance was lost of making ita rival of Boston in the Canton trade. Capt. Roberts took his business off to Bostou=he owned half Plymouth in those days—and his son feil under the accusation of eating $100 ils on his bread and butter, as if rich men’s sons ever did eat anything less than plum-cake and goose pie! This Capt. Roberts was a favorite of fortune in the tirst days of independence. He was a poor boy who used to dig clams to sell; shipped a8 cabin-boy, then went before the mast, and rose to be master of a vessel, While lying at a French port in the Reign of Terror, about 20 nobles took passage in his ship, planning to escape If he would wait for them till evening, ‘They managed to send wuch of their plate and valuables on board in large chests, and trurted their money to the captain. Gallant Robe Rob erts waited with anchor hove short till the last moment, when, fecling his own head In danger for aiding the escape, Le set sail. La Guillotine had a rendezvous With the poor Freuchmen, whose golden louis, plate, and jewels fell into Capt. Roberts's possession, as no other claimant ever appeared for them, At least such is tho Plymouth story, too romantic not to be accepted. A delicate, fine flavor of colonial gentility lingers about certain streets and families in the old town. How many Judges, Generals, and Governors belouged here it would take long study of town records, us well as of blitck grave-stones on the hill, to find out; but there must have been a perfect court of them when assembled, Of their descendants, strange to say, the women wear the longest, and these dames of brilliant complexion, firm step, and steady, keen eyes, fill one with admiration of the effects of const alr and Puritan bringing-up. It is rofreshing, oo tor the crude, rushing geniuses tured out by wholesa irom women's colleges now-a-days, to find women of good cescent and culture, who are content to be amiable vithond either fascinating, leading, or repel: ling. It is wonderful how they escape with so slight swell of pedaniry upon thelr garments, cousider ug the books they read—-Buckle, Hallam, aud The Coming Race. Plymouth ladies look like geutlewomen in their dregs; grave and wodest, but of fuviucible neatuees, and finistied always with the fluest linen cufls and collurs, or embroideries so dear to the heart of women, but which overdressed city girls seldom think of affording. Equal rights are taken for granted in such society, and as for progressive tendencies” —much abused phrase which makes one wish, like a crab, to go backward— they £o round with the world and the pieces this, the managers of the opposition cla that Gov. Warinoth, through ns partisans, wis the agzressor. be this us iL ay, certain itis that nuerous cubs of the opposition were broken up by force, ln this, too, it is chimed that the city police took an active part, So notorious did this lawless interference become, that even The Times, a Democratic shect, gave it opinion that, if even balf reported were true, the President would be jus tifted in foreible interference, under the Enforcement act, With the Convention that followed, have hittle to do, as its merits and demerits have been preity thoroughly canvassed. In the employment of United States troops and conveniug of the Convention in the Cusiom-House, the fiends of the opporiiton claim that (hey had abundant rause, This Gov, Warmoth indignantly denies, and points to ih .4 Convention of a year previous, and the peaceable election of Lieut. Gov. Dunn, in opposition to himself, The results of the Convention, us might have been tore. seen, but rendered the breach the wore impossible of be nx healed. By ft the Governor and Lis appointees wee watintied that At was matter of absolute death or vie tory. ‘To hope for uny iwerey from the opposition was out of the question. At the” same time the opposition found all ite hitherto discordant elements cenvonte t to gether in 6 comuon ciatise under a common leader, oom that day the opposition has shown a uuity of purpose in ite every action, That purpose stops ut nothing short the absolute and complete overthrow of Gov, Warmo and his partisan adherents, and tue full control of the State. As the latest move on the carpet we have the es tablishient of a new organ known as The Mational Re publican. Its launched, as I get 1t, with a capital of 00,000, Starting out as the avowed organ of reforn, ay well us the recognized organ of she opposition to War moth, it 16 certainly meeting with flattering success, It culculntes much, beyond doubt, upon the break fug up of the coutrct of The New-vlcans Re publican In the manner [I have described, and the consequent collupse of that journal, It starts out as a lively evening sheet, that will undoubtedly afford much nid in carrying out the designs of those iu opposition to Gov. Warmoth. What those desigus are, as well as the method of carrying out the same, are early loping themselves. They stop at nothing short of dev fin peacumpont of Gov. Warmoth on the of he family, her church, and Boston also, place better tian, Boston it is Piymoutd. do The brothers do zat saow offen;’ they ave climbing Glerras, or writing poss Listory, or in a Chma house; though 8 schob arly face and silght figure is sometimes seen af noon ON the street answering to a name that Lins been the pride of Harvard for three generations. But the upper circles of Plymouth, like most New-England towns, are died either with those too young to go away or too old to care for going. Women do wt count, but an ex-Harvard Pre sident, a brace of Judges, and Suge Senators, with magazinists and authors known sna nnkuown, oroamens the court end of town, Tudeed, there is rumor of one Re ning who, recording to his own mention, is given to towing off” poetry as if it were a fever or bad cold, The Yuaintest stories are told hy the old sca-master ab Garg Shing, the north neighborhood of Plymouth, which tn kes its nae from the thread of a brook dashing a few ro 18 by the main &treet, and across ihe meadows to the bay, Like everything else in this hauut d ground, it has its legend alout a woman suspected of being a witeh, who was sentenced to be led dito the wood? beyond the settlement, The two men who were in ¢harge of the ge ntenee hurried her along withont food orfwater; when in ber agony crying to God for the werey denied her by Ler kind, she struck Ler stall into the ground, and a stream sprang up of clearest sweet water, An earth. quake changed its course, trad tion say« amd it no longer flows straight from the Lili