Tho morning of the 15th century had
found Cathay as it had been for centuries,
the synonym for all things rare and prec
ious; the treasure house from which north
ern and western Europe drew their lux
uries through the golden gate of the Medi
terranean, jealously guarded by the lion
of San Marco; but as the century ad
vanced, under the stimulus of letters
which diffused a knowledge of strange
countries, and encouraged speculative
thought, the question of reaching the
treasures of India by the sea received
consideration; and if tho sphericity of the
earth were true, why not by sailing to
i he west? Probably no student of the
subject doubted for a moment the feasi
bility of the undertaking, and to this
belief are due the voyages which resulted
in bringing the western continent, dur
ing this century, to the attention of
Europe. For this great service, mankind
is indebted to Roman subjects. The
spirit which had impelled the people of
pagan Rome to go forth to the conquest
of distant lands, had survived the changes
which fifteen centuries of war and vio
lence had wrought, and now animated
tho people of papal Rome in a more en
lightened era, not only to open channels
of traffic to distant lands, but to the dis
covery and conquest of countries in parts
of the globe hitherto unknown. To seven
of these, ail Italians, the world owes a
peculiar debt; to Gioja for his invention
of the mariner’s compass; to Columbus,
Cabot, Vespucci and Verrazano for their
discoveries; to Martyr for the first history
of America, and to Benzoni for the first
book of travels in the newly discovered
lands of romance and mystery.
Of these noted discoverers, John Cabot,
in the interest of England, was the first
to discover the American continent, on
June 24th, 1497; unless, as has been con
tended, Vespucci preceded him in its dis
covery on the Gth of the same month;
Columbus, in the interest of Spain,
having reached it on July 31st of the fol
lowing year, and Verrazano, in the inter
est of France, on tho 7th of March, 1524.
Before the discovery of the continent,
however, it had been disposed of by Rome,
who on May 4th, 1493, bestowed upon
Spain all undiscovered lands west of a
meridian line one hundred leagues west
of the Azores and Cape de Verde Islands.
The-bistory of the efforts of Spain to
hold the magnificent gift bestowed upon
her by the common lather of Roman
Catholio monarchs for her assumption of
the championship of the faith is interest
ing, but the subject is hardly within our
present limits. That these efforts were
cruel beyond conception we know, since
they stain too deeply for effacement the
early pages of American history; but
they were futile; indeed, it is a fact
pregnant with irony, that the success of
the Italian discoverers in the interests of
rival monarchs, resulted, after long and
bitter struggles for the possession of the
land which they equally coveted, in the
defeat of the Roman Catholic cause, to
which these discoverers were sincerely
espoused; a defeat so complete as to give
to those who had inherited the liberal and
anti-Roman thought of their Teutonic
ancestors,the sovereignty of the continent,
and the planting thereon of a common
wealth grander than any before known to
When the news of the discovery of the
West Indies by Columbus spread through
Europe, it awakened a warm interest in
those engaged in maritime enterprises.
Among those who listened eagerly to the
wonderful story was John Cabot, a
Genoese, later a citizen of Venice, who
a score of years before had gone to Lon
don “to follow the trade of Marchan
dises.’’ Cabot, before establishing himself
in England, had been a student of cos
mography and the science of navigation,
a favorite study with the youth of Genoa
and Venice, whose merchants well
merited the proud title of princes, so gen
erally; accorded them.
When John Cabot was an active youth,
climbing the vineclad terraces of Genoa
or lounging about the crowded quays, re
garding with admiration the motley press
of mariners, whbse skin, tanned by wine
and sun. suggested to his imaginatioi
voyages in strange seas and wanderings
in mysterious lands, Venice bad reached
the height of her commercial glory. Nev
er had such wealth and luxury been dis
played in any city as were see in hei
marts of traffic, her gorgeous palaces, hei
mgnifleent churches" and thronged
piazzas, or floated on “gondolas full
laden’’ alopg her crystal thoroughfares,
realizing more than the bewildering
splendors of Turner’s immortal dream;
but before the fifteenth century had
passed its meridian, a shadow presaging
ill, fell athwart this glowing vision ol
prosperity. The Saracens, who had
aforetime given way before the bannei
of the cross, gathering their fierce hordes
on the borders of her dominions, afflicted
the proud Republic to such a degree tha1
she hastened to secure a peace with hei
barbaric foe, which, however, did nol
long continue.
Disturbed by war, stripped of her east
ern provinces by Mohammed II., th(
Euxine closed to her commerce, and
neighboring nations pushing maritime
enterprises to a point which threatened
to out off the sources of her former pros
parity, the future of the Queen ol' the
Adriatic seemed dark indeed.
Disoouraged by the prospect befor
them, many of her enterprising mer
chants sought opportunities to advancs
their fortunes in foreign lands. Amonj
these, as before intimated, was Johr
Cabot, who had already journeyed to
Arabia, and while standing in th(
Ehadow of the great Mosque of Mecca
had seen the caravans depositing theii
burdens of precious merchandise in th<
busy bazaars of the sacred city.
Leaving his native country with hi!
family, he first visited London, but late:
took up his residence in the city of Bris
tol, probably in the suburb, singularlj
enough christened Cathay in honor o!
the Oriental city of that name, probabh
on account of itk being the residence o:
merchants who dealt in Indian merchan
uiov>
Here was John Cabot pursuing his com
mereial enterprises, of which, unfortu
nateiy, wo know nought, when he hearc
of the discovery made by his country
man. Deeply moved by the news of thi
event, which he characterized as ‘‘inori
divine than humane,” yet which wa:
perhaps but a partial realization of one o
his waking dreams, Cabot resolved ti
trace for himself a pathway to Cathay b;
pursuing a northwesterly course acros:
the Atlantic.
One may well picture the grave cosmog
rapher in his humble home in Bristol
discussing with his wife and sons, Lewis
Sebastian and Sanctus, the future voyage
The hist two were doubtless Englisl
born, and had grown to manhood in tht
ancient city, to whose mural gates, evei
then, the forest crowded, giving shelte
to the wild deer, which herded union;
the low hills beyond. But before an;
practical results could be achieved in thi
splendid enterprise, the pursiinoniou:
monarch who then occupied the Englisl
throne, must be consulted.
Henry 'the Seventh, whose envy hat
■tu quickened by the success of hi
-oily:- nf Spain, was in a mood friendl;
C if V- project, and he at once be
upon him and his sons a parch
granting them the privilege of sail
west or north—to seek out
and find lieathenlands,” and t
a occupy and possess” them fo
,<n, hut “upon their own prope
.a:t;l charges;” in consideration o
privileges, they were to yield hill
liftli of the profits of their labors,
i n is parchment was dated March 5th
and the lirst, voyage of the Cabots o
iiieh any account has been preserved
was undertaken in May, 1497, fourteel
months after its date.
During this time the peace of tho coun
try was disturbed, not only by Scotland
who actively supported the' pretension
of Perkin Warbeek to the throne, but b;
domestic insurrections fomented by War
beck himself, which hindered prepare
tions for tho contemplated voyage. In
the beginning of May, however, the
friends of Cabot witnessed his departure
from the port of Bristol, on tho voyage
which was to render his name immortal.
The month of May passed, June drew
to a close, and the daring adventurers
kept on their course, ever toward tho
northwest. Thus far they had scanned
the horizon for land in vain; nothing but
a dreary waste of waters had met their
vision. "We have no record, as in the case
of Columbus, of what passed on board
Cabot’s ship, the Matthew, but we may
properly imagine the eager anxiety with
which Cabot scanned the West. Doubt
less there were, indeed there must have
been, those on board who shook their
heads wisely and predicted failure; who
even mutinously murmured against the
bold captain; liowever, on the 24th of
June at daybreak, a gray line was ob
served on the horizon. Was it a slender
cloud just rising from the sea, or was it
the long looked for land? Every eye was
strained to the utmost to ascertain what
it really was. As the sun lose it began
to assume definite form, and to their
great joy it proved to be land. Surely it
was the coast of the Great Cham’s domin
ion, and the problem of reaching India
had been solved. Such was the first
opinion of Cabot. In the excitement of
the moment he named it Prima Vista,
and lowering a boat, went on shore. It
was St. John’s day, and the good saint
was not to be forgotten. An island near
by afforded an opportunity to commemo
rate him, and was therefore named St.
John’s Island.
Everything which the wondering eyes
of the adventurers beheld was novel and
strange. The land upon which they
gazed had never before been pressed by the
foot of a European. Mines of gold and
precious stones might be near at. hand;
indeed, they might soon behold the very
Sources of India’s great, wealth, which
had so long dazzled Europe.
In this state of mind they prepared a
cross, and planting it in the earth with
the banners of St. Geeorge and St. Mark
floating over It, theso pioneers of Eng
land in tho new world gathered about it
with bowed heads, by this solemn act
taking possession of the country in behalf
of their king and people.
Although they watched warily for the
appearance of men, none were seen, but
bye and bye they came upon fallen trees
bearing marks which attracted their at
tention. Were they made by human
agency? So they opined, but soon all
doubt of the near presence of men was
removed, for here were snares set for the
capture of beasts, and there, a needle of
bone, lost by some savage, who had passed
that way. It would not do to linger here
and expose his company to the danger of
attack from a foe, whose strength was
unknown, and hastening to the shelter of
his ship, Cabot set sail.
His course from this time becomes some
what uncertain, but it would seem that
he kept q northerly course along the for
bidding shores of Labrador, till he
reached the vicinity of Cape Chudleigh.
Everywhere were wonders to attract
the attention and rouse the superstitious
fears of his men. They would not go far
ther into the dark and dangerous north,
and they murmured against the intrepid
noTrirfn+ni' titVia lmnn- nn fftor Wltll n
iiavi^utvuj Jiuun uu iwh. ttilu n
mutinous crew, nothing could bo done
but to change his course towards the
south, and this he did, skirting the coast
of Newfoundland, which he took to be an
archipelago, till he reached Cape Race,
from whence, with a meager larder, he
turned the prow of the Matthew towards
England, which was reached in August.
The news of John Cabot’s discovery was
at once bruited over Europe, and excited
others to emulate his examplo. In Eng
land he was the hero of the hour, and
whenever he appeared in the streets of
Bristol, richly apparelled after the fash
ion of wealthy Venetians, crowds gath
ered about him, eager to see, and if
chance offered, to question the great mari
ner, who had discovered the new land for
England.
To the cruel bigot, who wrought his
dismal schemes in the gloom of the es
curial, the news which he received from
his envoy, Pedro de Ayala, was distaste
ful, and from that moment no opportun
ity was lost to obliterate all evidence of
the great discovery, or to thwart English
efforts in that direction.
Although the motley populace applaud
ed, and the learned listened to him with
grave approval, the importance of Cabot’s
discovery was hidden from them, as is sc
often the case with “events which Provi
dence has in especial charge; yet this dis
covery was to 1x3 the corner stone of all
England’s future pretensions to the
American continent.
When Cabot and his companions re
turned home, although the Scots no lon
ger threatened the border, and the battle
of Blaekheath had been fought, practi
cally settling the fate of Warbeck, the din
of arms still disturbed the land. The
news, however, which he brought, was of
so much importance, that the King lis
tened with interest to his stories of far off
seas, so crowded with fish as to render the
spoil of nearer waters profitless, and of
lands which might embosom treasures of
infinite value. The “Great Admiral” as
he was now designated, had depicted the
new land on a map, and had even con
structed a globe showing its position
thereon. He would skirt the coast from
Prima Vista towards the tropics, and lo
Cipango, the island of spices and jewels,
which would create in London a mart
grander than that of far famed Alexan
dria. It was an alluring prospect, and
the thrifty King not only bestowed upon
1 him a small gift, but granted him an an
nual pension to be paid from the revenues
of the port of Bristol; besides, he licensed
him to charter six ships and to enlist as
many men as he might need to accom
pany him on a new expedition.
In the spring of 1498, John Cabot with
probably his son Sebastian, accompanied
by three hundred men, sailed from the
port ot Bristol with a fleet of line vessels.
The sailing of so important a fleet on an
expedition which had excited such wide
spread attention, was an event of toe
much interest to the people of Bristol tc
have passed unnoticed, and although nc
contemporary account of It has been pre
1 served, we know that street, quay and old
bridfte, with its rambling houses over
hanging it, were thronged with people
eager to see the adventurers depart,
1 From the number of men who accom
pained Cabot, we mustj oonclude that it
was the intention to plant a colony al
some place favorable to such an undertak
ing. The course of the fleet was toward!
the northwest, the region of ice, fog ane
tempest, but the vernal gales wafted ii
auspiciously from the pleasant shores o:
England, and all promised well for thi
adventurers, until as usual in these dayi
of crude naval architecture, one of thi
high sterned, awkward ships became crip
pled, and it was decided best to send hei
back.
i The other ships, after parting with
i their companion, held on their course
i until the sterile shores of Iceland came ti
view. From here, Cabot set his coursi
towards Laborador, a country, say;
i Gomara, where the land is utterly sterili
r and fruitless. This country ho namet
“i)e la Tierra de los Baccalaos,” for, a;
he sailed, his ships were at times almos
“stayed” in their course by the vas
schools of codfish through which the;
i passed. It was a forbidding land. Th
rock bound shores, flecked with masses o:
grisly moss, and bi-istling with a stuntec
F growth of shaggy trees, shot in beetlinj
i crags above them, or broken in raggei
masses almost to the level of the sea
which lashed Itself into gleaming foan
against these flinty barriers, made con
stant. vigilance the price ofjsafety.
l Birds, strange in form and plumage
seared from their solitury haunts by th
passing ships, flew screaming about then
in countless numbers, and huge whale
i rising from the sea, rolled and plungei
awkwardly about in sportive fashion; or
sprawling on some sunlit ledge, a bulk;
monster with tusks milk white, and eve
listened to, and gave a fresh impulse to
tho spirit of adventure. Henry, however,
distracted by the cares of government, de
clined tho proffered services of the success
ful navigator for a voyage the next year,
and although it has been supposed that
Cabot undertook discovery on his own
account, we have no certain knowledge of
this; indeed, wo strangely lose sight of
tho “Great Admiral,’’ and his son Sebas
tian, whose fame was to eelpse that of his
father, comes prominently into view.
Whether he merited this fame is a ques
tion. Although he lived three score years
after tho discovery of America by his
father, and occupied offices of great dis
tinction under the Spanish crown, he cer
tainly accomplished nothing to warrant
the reputation which he enjoyed; and we
must largely attribute this fame to tho
achievements of his father, which lie un
lilially appropriated to himself.
It is unfortunate that we do not possess
a detailed account of the Cabot voyages.
That very valuable material relating to
them existed when Hakluyt published
his Divers Voyages in 15S2, we know, for
he gives us to understand that he had,
“overseene ail of Sebastian Cabot’s own
mappes and discourses drawne and writ
ten by himselfe, which are in tho custodie
of Master William WTorthington.” This
is the last we know of these precious
documents, and as Worthington was
placed in the office of Sebastian Cabot by
Philip of Spain, shortly after the latter
took up his abode in England as the con
sort of Queen Mary, it has been conjec
tured that they found their way into
Spanish hands like many other English
documents relating to western discovery.
If so, Spain profited little by them, for
English gall was better than Spanish
guile, and won of right, and though the
interesting details of John Cabot’s great
discovery are lost to the world, his fame
is safe, for he gave to England a great
continent which we as his successors
enjoy; and while that continent exists,
tho name of John Cabot will be known as
its discoverer.
“Death makes no conquest of this con
querer,
For now ho lives in fame though not in
life.”
MR. BLACK’S PAPER
Professor J. W. Black presented the
topic “The Old World at the beginning of
the period of western discovery Pro
fessor Black reviewed the leading events
of the early period of discovery, pointing
out in particular the influence of Genoa
and her sons in the making of those dis
coveries which lead to the acquisition by
England and Spain of territory In the
New World. He spoke of the significance
of the year 1402. To Spain it meant th*
beginning of power over two worlds and
also of unity at home, in the conquest of
the Moors, then living in a luxury hither
to unparalleled in Europe. It was at the
close of the ten years war required for the
subjugation of the Moors that the support
of Ferdinand and Isabella was obtained
by Columbus in his project of discovery.
But it was an age of bigotry and the in
quisition at first directed against the
Jews came to number among its victims
their oppressors. It has been said that the
Jews, rather than the jewels of Isabella,
defrayed the cost of the first expedition of
1 Columbus.
After describing the relations between
Spain and England, at that time friendly
as evidenced by the marriage of Catherine
of Aragon and the King Henry VIII.,
Professor Black spoke of England’s deter
i mination to herself enter the field in
1 which was lands and wealth. So it came
about that John Cabot was granted the
letters patent under which he sailed away
i on his first expedition. It is a significant
fact that Genoa, herself a pioneer in ex
plorations, should havo given to the world
Marco Paulo whose stories of his travels
i were influential in prompting the voyages
of two other sons of Genoa, Columbus
i and Cabot, one in the service of Spain,
the other in the service of England. The
nations which took the lead in the
colonization of the New World had to
i conduct their explorations under the lead
ership of expatriated Italians, while Italy
herself, Involved in foreign war and torn
r by internal dissensions, never owned a
3 rod of solid soil in the New World. Thai
almost human in expression, would slip
into the sea and vanish from vision like
the phantom of a troubled dream. Again,
as they passed some wooded slope, where
the snows were dissolving in the meager
sunlight, a stag, larger than they had
ever beheld, would start up, and shaking
his antlered head, dash into the thicket to
he seen no more; or as they passeil some
quiet cove, they would witness a stranger
sight, for here the bears, undisturbed by
man, would watch ior the fish as they
■swarmed along the shore, cod and salmon
and soles “about a yard in length,” and
seizing the lissome things with their sharp
claws, would draw tliem^aland to satisfy
their hunger.
Cabot had brought men with him to
leave at some suitable spot. rlhey were
largely criminals, probably men who had
been engaged in the late rebellion, and
these he landed, leaving them to establish
themselves in the country as best they
could, while he passed on towards the
north, in search of an open passage to the
west. It was not long before the inhabi
tants of this wild land were seen, uncouth
and brutish men, clad in the furs of
beasts. Suipnse and dread were mutual.
By the English, these wild men, weap
oned with bow and arrow, sling, spear
and club, and regaling themselves on raw
flesh, were regarded as leaguers of the
prince of darkness; fwhile they, peering
furtively from some coigno of vantage at
the white winged monsters, which had
so suddenly invaded their hitherto undis
turbed solitudes, looked upon the white
men whom they boro, us beings of a high
er sphere. So passed Cabot onward
towards the north, amid glittering ice
bergs, at night beholding with supersti
tious dread the heavens flaming from
horizon to zenith with ruddy light, as in
apocalyptic vision, and finding the land
ever running to the north to his “great
displeasure.” Entering the open waters of
Hudson’s Straits, the intrepid navigator
would have doubtless kept on, but his
men, made of less heroic stuff, mutinied,
and refused to proceed farther, so he
was compelled to turn back and follow
the coast southward.
But how fared it with the men whom
he had landed? Their fate is obscure. It
is said that nearly all perished from cold,
which might imply that som« did not,
and that these were either taken on board
again by Cabot on his return, or subse
quently escaped. Be this as it may, Cabot
coasted southward, probably keeping in
sight the pleasant shores which stretch
from Maine to Florida, when finding his
provisions becoming scanty, and no open
ing to the west to reward his long search,
he set his course for England, bearing
with him three natives of the country,
whom he had secured, probably with the
intention of using them in the future for
interpreters. These men, clad in the
skins of wild beasts, feeding on raw flesh,
and “in their demeanor like to bruite
beastes,” Cabot presented to the king,
and, although their appearance was then
so unpromising, two years later Robert
Fabian saw two of them in Westminster
palace, in English costume, and mistook
them for Englishmen, so greatly had
their appearance changed.
The news of Cabot’s success, to which
a novel interest was added by the appear
ance of the wild men whom he had
the diaoovery of America was made as
soon as the Old World was prepared for It
was show n by tho length of time that
elapsed before its settlement. At the time
of the American revolution, tho white
populathm of America consisted of only
fonr mil] ions of people scattered along tho
Atlantic coast.
DR. BURRAGE’S PAPER.
In his p aper on 1 Tho Cartography of
the Periocl,” Rev. Dr. Burrage called at
tention to fifteen maps from about 1400 to
1541, which indicate the growth of the
new geographical ideas that found cur
rency in this remarkable period. The first
map on whdeh is found any part of the
continent of America, he said, is the so
called sea cihart of the Zeni brothers,
drawn about the year 1400. The map of
Andrea Blanco in 1430 represents the
islands of tJhe Atlantic which at that time
had been ranched by adventurous voyages.
The Fra Niauro mappemonde of 1459 re
corded the results of recent explorations
along the African coast. Still better
knowledge of the African coast is indi
cated on Martin Bcpami’s globe, 1493.
The globe gives no Indication of a conti
nent west of European Africa, and east of
Asia. Shortly after the voyages of
Columbus and Cabot, however, on the
maps of the 16th century the existence of
such a con tinent comes into clearer and
clearer view. Reference was made to
typical maps. Cosa’s map of 1500, the
Cantino planisphere of 1603, the Canerio
map of 1503 or 1504, map by Pedro Reinel
of about 1605, map of Johann Ruysch,
1508, Stobnicza’s map of 1513 and the map
of Waldseemuller, 1513. On the last two
the unbroken eastern coast line of tho
New World appears. But while the union
of North and South America had thus
early been recognized by some
geographers, there were others who con
orl fn roitvocanf. -t-ixm nivnfinonfo oca
separated by a strait, as in Schemer's
Globe of 1520, and the Maiollo map of
1527. A reaction is also in the map of
Orontius Fineaus, 1531, the Nancy Globe
of 1640, and the Globe of Vopel in 1513, in
all of which North America is represented
as Eastern Asia. But with the continued
progress of discovery tho strait separating
North and South America disappeared,
and the fact that a new continent had
been found was fully conceded, and in
the gores made by Mercator in 1541, we
not only have North and South America
correctly represented in their general feat
ures, but the name America is applied to
both parts of tho western hemisphere.
Much remained to be done by later car
tographers, but the great facts were now
everywhere accepted.
Professor William McDonald of Bow
doin, read a paper on “The landfall of
John Cabot and the extent of his dis
coveries.”
Professor McDonald said that the
records of Crboo’s first voyage, if records
there were, were lost. In their place we
have only the fragmentary accounts of
those who derived their information at
second hand. Extracts were read from
these accounts and with them as a basis,
the speaker stated what seemed to him
the best hypothesis as to tho route fol
lowed by tho explorer. Professor Mc
Donald said that ho did not speak a« an
expert, but based his conclusions on tho
literature on the su'^ect. From the frag
mentary documentary evidence, written
by tho contemporaries of the explorer, it
may be accepted thus after sailing 400 or
700 leagues, Cabot found land, where the
weather was described as temperate. He
sailed along this land 300 leagues, seeing
no inhabitants, but he took to England
snares which he had found set in the
woods and from which he concluded that
the land was inhabited. It is also recorded
that as Cabot sailed away from this new
found land, he saw on his right two large
islands, and it is further known that tho
tides in tho waters through which
he sailed were slack as compared
with the tide at Bristol. That
from these data any definite knowledge
had been gained, Professor McDonald
regarded as a triumph of modern his
torical methods. Cabot’s orders were to
sail west and north. Owing perhaps to
the friendly relations between England
and Spain, he was not authorized to sail
to the southward. Now if Cabot sailed to
the south of Ireland, he would not
probably have gone to the south of the 1st
parallel. It may be doubted if he went as
far 90Uth as this. Had he followed the
61st parallel in accordance with the cus
tom of the mariners of the day, Cabot
would have found land near the Straits of
Belle Isle at the north of Newfoundland,
but wo may safely conclude that it was
somewhere on the coast of Labrador. One
authority holds that the explorer sailed
along the shores of the Gulf of St. Law
rence and the two large islands which he
saw as he sailed away were a part of New
foundland, then set down on the maps as
an archipelago. At best it is but a matter
oi nypomesis. mere ure uuwgs Villen
are hard to reconcile as for instance the
statement that the land was temperate,
but that many have been due to some
body’s desire to make it appear that the
new land was of the kind for which all
explorers were looking.
PROF. SEWALL’S PAPER.
The concluding paper was on the
“Value and significance of the discoveries
of Cabot, and was presented by Prof.
John S. Sewall of Bangor, who said that
Cabot builded better than he knew. His
dream was India, the land of spices and
gems, the El Dorado of the western seas.
Ho found instead an infinite wilaerness.
It was a bitter disappointment and had,
the young mariner not been well endowed
with sterling qualities and prompted by
the adventuresome spirit of his profession,
he would have abandoned such a fruitless
undertaking. The secret, however, was
out and Europe knew of the great con
tinent of the New World. Suppose it had
been possible for Cabot to have discovered
the western route to India. Think what
a sordid campaign for gain would have
resulted. Poor Spain furnishes an illus
tration. But it was not to bo. Cabot laid
at Europe’s feet an unused continent and
Europe was confronted with the problem
of what to do with it.
And thanks should .be given that
America was not settled by Europeans
after the discovery by the Norsemen.
Europe was then only emerging from
barbarism and was in no way competent
to undertake tho settlement of a new
world. Fortunate for America, fortunate
for you and mo was it that five centuries
elapsed before Europe undertook the
colonization of tho new land. Europe had
had five hundred years of progress to pre
pare her for the work.
We may congratulato ourselves that
that was a northern ship with a northern
crew that struck tho northern shores. It
was not chance that lead them here.
They found not a continent of gold or
India’s coral strans, but a chance to
work. What Europe needed was not more
revenue for kings, but more room and
opportunity for labor.
LORDS AND COMMONS RECEIVED.
Yesterday’s Programme of the Dia
mond Jubilee Celebration.
Iminenie Crowds Viewed the Illumina
tions Last Evening—The Heat Intense
anil Many Fainted—Mr. Grau’s Covent
Garden Triumph.
London, Juno 2S.—This day was one of
the most fatiguing days of the week for
the Queen, the official programme includ
ing the reception of several distinguished
bodies of official personages, an inspection
of the body guard and Yeoman of the
Guard, a garden party and the reception
of addresses at Slough, Eton and Wind
sor. Tho chief event of the day and one
of the most interesting of the entire week
was the presentation to the Queen of con
gratulatory addresses by both Houses of
Parliament which occurred at Bucking
ham Palace this morning.
There were brief formalities at West
minster today, the two Houses meeting
and tho formal announcement made by
Lord Salisbury in the House of Lords and
Mr. Balfour in the House of Commons,
tnat tne yueen would be pieasea to re
ceive the two Houses, they proceeded in
stately procession to the palace.
There were assembled in the chamber
adjoining the throne room and after a
brief delay the doors were thrown open
and the announcement made that Her
Majesty was prepared to give them audi
ence. Thereupon the iord chancellor
and the speaker of the House of Commons
advanced side by side to the throne, each
followed by the members of his own
houso. Lord Chancellor (Salisbury knelt
at the foot of the throne, read the address
there on his knees and handed it to the
Queen.
After the parliamentary ceremony the
Queen received i n the same manner the
mayors and jjrovosts of provinces, and
chairman of county councils, who after
ward were entertained at a lunchoen in
the palace. They were attired in levee
dress consisting of black knickerbockers
and stockings, black velvet coats and
steel buttons, black plumed hats and
sword.
The Queen left the palace soon after 4.30
p. m. today, returning to Paddington
railroad station by the same route as fol
lowed on her arrival and in semi-state.
Her majesty was greeted with the same
enthusiasm, perhaps more.
There was a pretty sight on Constitu
tion Hill, near the palace, where, on the
grand stands used to view the procession
yesterday, 10,000 children from the board
ing schools, British Church of England
schools, Wesleyan schools, Catholic schools
and Jewish schools were inspected by Her
Majesty. Each child wore a special medal
and a red badge and the teachers wore
blue badges and white dresses.
All the children were dressed in their
“Sunday best” und presented a very
pretty picture. On the arrival of the
Queen the children all joined in singing
the national anthem, led by a band, with
a heartiness and freshness never surpassed
up to the present.
The Marquis of Londonderry as chair
man presented her an address in behalf of
the school board, and the Bishop of Lon
don and others did the same in behalf of
the other school bodies.
Among the members of the committee
present wero^Cardinal Vaughn and Baron
Rothschild. There was a tremendous
outburst of cheering as the Queen left.
Perfect, so-called Queen’s weather, pre
vailed.
The final episode of the progress wa s at
the Castlo gates, where the addresses
from the Windsor bodies were received.
As the Queen’s carriage appeared at the
entrance to her home, the national
anthem was chanted |n welcome by three
hundred voices.
The day’s festivities were brought to an
end by an illumination of the palace.
Great crowds are viewing the illumina
tions this evening, crowds much greater
than those of Tuesday nights. The pro
cessional route and the side streets are
packed with every conceivable sort of
vehicle.
At the west end the route from the
Strand to St. James street is packed
to suffocation. The heat is intense; many
women have fainted and the ambulances
are kept busy.
Trafalgar’squaro is the centre of an im
mense throng and the police have hard
work to keep the people moving. The
route along which members of the Royal
family drove to and from Covent Gar
den opera house, were kept clear; but
the sidewalks were orowded by the
populace who cheered the royal carriages
vigorously.
Mr. Grau’s Big Success.
London, June 23.—Tonight, was a gala
night at Covent garden opera house,
where tho whole programme and perfor
mance reflected the greatest credit on
Mr. Maurice Grau.
The event fairly rivalled the procession
as an attraction to Londoners. Many
liko the Duke of Marlborough and
the Duke of Devonshire, drove to the
opera house in state carriages, with
coachmen and footmen resplendent in
state liveries.
At length the royalties began to arrive,
the Princess of Wales coming first. As
she entered the royal box the audience
rose and the band played the national
anthem.
The rest of the party then filed In the
box, each preceded by the Earl of
Lathem, walking backwards. Among
them were all the visiting princes and
all the members of the English royal
family except the Queen, the Empress
Frederick of Germany and the Princess
Beatrice.
As soon as they were seated the curtain
rose, disclosing the entire cast of the
opera, among them Madame Melba and
M. de Reszekes, grouped upon the stage.
Then followed such a rendering of the
national anthem as it never had before,
after which was carried out, Mr. Grau’s
carefully arranged programme, includ
ing the second act of Tannhauser, tho
third aft of Gounod’s Romeo and Juliet,
and the fourth of the Huguenots. After
the performance in Covcnt garden, the
Prinoo and the Princess of Wales enter
tained at supper Lord Rothschild, at his
town house in Piccadilly. A dance fol
lowed. There were 300 guests.
Maine Finn Gets Contract.
Newburyport, Mass., June 23.—The
contract for building the new United
States life saving station at Salisbury
beach, has been awarded to W. H. Glover
Co., Rockland, Maino. Work will be
commenced soon.
THIS NEEDS EXPLAINING.
Portland Players Make a Farce of
the Game.
BE A SI E McQUIRK TRIES HIS HAND
AT PITCHING.
Is Batled Out of Box and Roussey Goes In
—Lewiston Badly Defeated by Bangor
—Harvard Defeats Yale 7 to 4,—Boston
Ahead Again.
Belfast, June 23.—The ball game today
was a farce, the homo team scoring at
will, while the Portlands played as if
demoralized. Engel started to pitch for
the visitors, but was wild, and gave way
to McGuirk. The latter was, however,
batted out of the box after two more in
inngs, and Roussey finished the game.
The score:
BELFAST.
AB R BH PO A E
Hill, If, 6 8 5 3 0 0
McDermott, 2b, 5 2 3 2 2 0
Mazena, ss, 6 3 1 0 2 0
Callopy, b3; 3 3 1 2 3 1
Wells, p, 6 2 1 0 2 0
McBride, cf, 5 4 2 6 0 1
Webster, rf, 5 6 4 2 0 0
Donahue, lb, 5 3 2 8 0 0
Gaston, o, 3 4 3 5 0 1
Totals, 44 32 23 27 D 3
PORTLAND.
AB R BH PO A E
Coughlin, rf, 4 0 0 1-0 4)
Nichols, c, 5 1 3 4 2 1
Houle, It, 4 2 1 2 0 1
Roussey, 2b, p, 5 14 2 10
Polhemus, cf, 6 0 2 3 1 2
Miller, lb, 4 116 11
Burns 3b, 5 0 0 2 0 0
Deisel, ss, 3 1 0 4 2 0
Engel, p, 2 0 0 3 2 0
McGuirk, p&2b, 1 1 0 0 0 1
Totals, 38 7 11 27 9 6
Belfast, 42250663 4—32
Portland, 11121010 0—7
Earned runs—Belfast, 15; Portland, 3.
Two base hits—Hill 2, Wells, Webster,
Donahue. Three base hits—Roussey.
Home run—Hill, McBride. Double plays
—McDermott and Donahue. Base on balls
—By Engel 3; by McGuirk, 2; by Rous
sey, 7; by Wells, 4. Hit by pitched ball—
By Wells 2; by Portland pitchers 8.
Struck out—By Wells, 5: by Portland
pitchers, 2. Wild pitches—By Portland
pitchers, 6. Umpire—Carpenter.. Time
—2 hours, 80 minutes.
LEWISTON EASILY OUTPLAYED.
Missed the Golden Opportunity to Lead
the League.
Bangor, June 23.—Bangors easily out
played Lewiston today both at the bat
and in the field." The game was rather to
one sided to be interesting. Four Lowis
ton runs are directly traceable to a fumble
by Meagher. The score:
BANGOR.
AB R BH PO A E
Sharrott, rf, 3 4 1 0 0 0
McKenzie, ss, 4 2 2 2 4 0
Wise, If, 6 2 2 5 1 1
Birmingham, lb, 5 2 1 11 0 0
Mackey, c, 6 2 5 6 0 0
Trainor, 3b, 5 112 10
Meagher 2b, 4 1 0 0 2 1
Flack, cf, 5 3 10 11
Fowler, p, 1110 2 0
Casey, p,4 110 10
Totals, 43 18 17 27 11 8
LEWISTON.
AB R BH PO A E
France, If, 8 2 1 3 0 1
Gilbert, 2b, 6 0 2 3 7 2
Motz, cf, 2 0 110 2
Sullivan, 3b, 4 112 12
Dolan, ss, 4 113 6 1
Lezotte, lb, 4 1 8 9 0 1
Killeen, rf, 5 0 0 0 0 0
Conroy, p, 4 2 1 0 2 2
Roderick, c, 1 0 0 3 0 0
Edgar, c, 4 118 11
Totals, 36 8 11 *26 17 12
♦Meagher out, hit by batted ball.
Bangor, 20162031 3—18
Lewiston, 00060 2 00 0— 8
Earned runs—Bangor, 2; Lewiston.
Three base hit—Lezotte. Two base hit—
Wise. Stolen bases—Sharrott, 2, McKen
zie, Wise, Birmingham 2, Mackey 3,
Meagher, Flack 8, Casey, France Gilbert.
Double plays—McKenzie, Birmingham,
Francee,!; Gilbert. Bases on balls—By
Fowler 2; by Casey 2; by Conroy 8. Hit
by pitched ball—By Fowler, 1: by Casey,
2; by Conroy 1. Struck out—By Casey 5;
by Conroy, 5. Wild pitch—Conroy. First
base on errors—Bangor, 8; Lewiston.
Time—2 hours, 25 minutes. Umpire—
Bradley. Attendance—400.
Maine League Standing,
Won. Lost. Per CP
Portland, 14 6 .700
Lewiston, 14 8 .636
Augusta, 13 7 .650
Rockland, 9 15 .375
iieltast, 8 la .381
Bangor, 7 16 .804
THAT’S THE KIND OF PITCHING.
Young Lewis Holds Brooklyn Down to
Three Hits.
Brooklyn, June 23.—Young Lewis al
lowed the Brooklyns but three hits today
while the Bostons knocked Daub all over
tho lot. This best tells the tale of the
home team’s downfall, and at the same
time explains why the Bean Eaters once
more lead for the pennant. Tho home
team played like a lot of school boys in
the field, while the work of the Soden
Seele-Duffy aggregation was almost per
fect. Lowe broke the small finger on his
left hand in the first inning and will un
doubtedly be laid up for some time. At
tendance 4260. The score:
Brooklyn, 00000002 0— 2
Boston, 18030021 3—13
Base hits—Brooklyn, 3; Boston, 19. Er
rors—Brooklyn, 7; Boston, 1. Batteries—
Daub and A. Smith; Lewis and Yeager
At Baltimore—New York, 9; Baltimore,
4.
At Washington—Washington, 12; Phila
delphia, 2.
At Pittsburg—Pittsburg, 6; Chicago, 5.
At Cincinnati—Cincinnati, 5; St. Louis,
At Cleveland—Louisville, 2; Cleveland
8. Called end of eighth, to allow Louis
ville to catch train.
National League Standing.
_Won. Lost. Per Ct.
Boston, 35 j3 .729
Baltimore. 34 13 .723
Cincinnati, 30 17 .63.)
New York, 28 18 .608
Brooklyn, 24 24 600
Philadelphia, 24 27 .489
Pittsburg, 23 24 -471
Cleveland, 23 25 479
Washington, 20 26 -434
Louisville, 19 29 .395
Chicago, 18 31 -367
St. Louis, JO 41 .196
HARVARD DEFEATS YALE.
The Great lntercolllgiato Ball Game He.
salts la Victory for Cambridge Men.
Cambridge, Mass., June 23.—Yale lost
the game with Harvard today by a score
of 7 to 5, before the largest crowd which
has assembled on Holmes’s field in
years. Harvard was the favorite at the
start, but the Elis were expceted to make
a stiff battle; neither team came up to
the expectation. It was a beautiful day
for ibaso ball and over 7001 people saw
the contest. The stands with their
huge class day crowds were a mass of
waving colors and brilliancy and the en
thusiam throughout tho contest was un
bounded. A small coterie of Yale men
was present and cheered the nine hearti
ly. Charlie Paine pitched a great game
for Harvard. The eight hits secured off
his delivery were scattered and he struck
out 11 men. With men on bases he was
well nigh invincible and snowed rare
judgment and coolness in his work.
He was splendidly supported by Scanned 1
behind the bat.
t There was little brilliant work on either
side. Keator played great ball in centre
field for Yale, but even he made a bad
fumble in the eighth which let in a
run. The score:
HARVARD.
AB.R, BH.PO.A.E.
Rand, If., 3 2 1 0 0 0
Haughton, lb., 4 0 1 8 0 0
Beale, cf., 4 0 110 0
Scannel, c., 4 0 1 12 0 0
Stephenson, 3b., 4 110 0 2
Burgess, rf., 2 112 0 1
Dean, 2b., 3 0 2 3 2 1
Chandler, ss., 3 110 0 1
Paine, p,,3 3 0 1 5 0
Totals, 30 7 8 27 7 5
YALE.
Kater, cf., 4 2 14 11
Hazen, 2b., 5 0 1 3 2 0
Letton, lb., 5 1 2 11 0 1
Greenway, If., 5 0 2 1 0 0
b’inolrr. UK K <1 f\ i\ a i\
Camp, ss.. 3 10 12 0
Wallace, rf., 3 12 10 2
Goodwin, c., 4 0 0 2 2 1
Hecker, p., 1 0 o o 1 0
Reed, 3b., 3 0 0 1 0 0
Total, 33 5 8 24 12 5
Harvard, 01300021 x—7
Yale, 00130000 1—5
Earned runs, Yale, 1. Two base hits,
Haughton, Letton, Greenaway. Sacri
fice hits, Burgess. Stolen bases. Burgess,
Rand, Keator, Dean. First base on balls,
by Paine, Camp, Wallace; by Hecker,
Rand, Chandler, Paine; by Pir.cke, Bur
gess. Passed balls, Goodwin. Wild
pitches, Fincke. Struck out, by Paine,
Keator, Hazen, Letton, Fincke 2, Camp,
Goodwin 3, Hecker; by Fincke, Hough
ton, Seannell. Double plays, Paine and
Haughton. Umpire, Murray. Time,
1.55. Attendance, 7000.
Portland Irons Beaten.
Bath, June 23.—The Portland Irons
were defeated by the Baths today by a
score of 22 to 7. The score:
Bath, 10062274 x—22
Portland, 10000310 2—7
Base hits—Bath, 13; Irons, 11. Errors—
Bath, 11; Irons, 11. Batteries—Kerwin
and Bat ton; Bimson and Libby.
Now England League.
A t Pawtucket—Pawtucket, 22; New
port, 9.
At Fall River—Fall River, 13; New
Bedford, 6.
At Brockton—Brockton, 15, Taunton,
13.
Baseball Notes.
Congress Square Hotel nine played a
tie game with West End Hotel team, but
the West End’s refused to play an extra
inning and the game was forfeited to the
Congress Squaro Hotel by a score of 9 to
0.
President Woodbury has secured from
the Boston club the services of George
Mahoney, the well known Georgetown
college pitcher, who was recently signed
by Manager Selee. Mahoney is believed to
be one of the coming pitchers of the
country and it is a great stroke of enter
prise on the part of Mr. Woodbury in
securing him for Portland
The exhibition given by Portland at
Belfast yesterday is not likely to help the
Maine league. Beasie McGuirk figuring
as a pitcher must have been very funny.
Franklin Park Paces.
Saugus, Mass June 23.—Two races
were on the card at Franklin park this
afternoon. The 2.40 trot was won easily
in three straight heats by Tannaliinch,
and Baby Strathmore would have cleared
up the 2.18 pace in the same quick order
had not the third heat been declared off
for suspected crooked driving. In that
heat Gillies, the driver of Melson was
placed under the ban by the judges and
Durland substituted. Another heat was
paced which Baby Strathmore took
handily. In the 2.49 class Palons’ driver
was warned, but was allowed to stay on
the sulky. The results: 2.18 class, pac
ing, Baby Strathmore first, best time,
O 1 rf 1 A O JA r.lni-n rr„-v
first; best time, 3.23.
Ohio in Hanna’s Hands.
Toledo, Ohio, June 23.—The contest for
the state chairmanship,settled so decisive
ly yesterday in favor of Major Charles
F. W. Dick, and the entire Hanna slate,
the convention proceeded promptly at
10 o’clock this morning with the us'usal
business. The report on credentials was
adopted.
The temporary organization with Gen
eral Grosvcnor, was made the permanent
organization and the reports of the other
committees were readily disposed of.
Nominations were then made as follows:
Governor—A W. Bushnell.
Z Lieutenant Governor—A. \V. Jones.
I Supreme Judge —Jacob F. Burkett.
Attorney General—Frank Monnett.
State Treasurer—Samuel Campbell.
Iowa Democratic Convention.
Des Moines, la., June 23.—The Demo
cratic state convention adjourned earlv
this evening having completed its work.
The two allied conventions, the Silver
Republicans and Populists, completed
their work slightly in advance. The three
factions were, after much controversy
able to agree on one platform, with free
silver as the main idea and one ticket
composed of two Democrats, two Silver
Republicans and one Populist. The
ticket will be placed on the official ballot
under the name “Democrat.” When this
became known there was a split in the
Populist convention, the middle-of-the
road faction walking out. Gen. J. B.
Weaver’s faction remained with the
Democrats whereupon he was bitterly de
nounced. The ticket is as follows:
Governor—F. E. White, Democrat.
Lieutenant Gov.—B. A. Plummer,
Silver Republican.
Judge of Supreme Court—T. G. Rinne,
Democrat for Bryan.
Railroad Commissioner—S. B. Grain,
Populist.
Superintendent Instruction G. F.
Rhinhart. Silver Republican.
The statnc of Bacchante has been for
mally accepted by the board of trustees of
the New York Metropolitan museum of
art.
MISCELLANEOUS.
rUJNYON^S sSrH
lcnowu the country over as the surest cure lor
this dangerous disease. Muu- n T rTt
y on’s Hemedies, a separate 1.1 W’
cure for each disease, for sale
at all druggists. Mostly 25c. When in doubt,
r* A 'T' A fA Ft I_I write to Prof.
I A IX IX la Muuyon. t 5 0 5
b l a Arch Street, Phil
adelphia, Pa. for free advice.
THIS IS WHAT BATEMAN SAYS.
Bryan’s Historical Methods Rich
and Unique.
Forgery of His Name Lies Between Bryan
and Allen—They Can Settle It Between
Themselves.
Lewiston, June 23.—The speech of Sen
ator Allen in the United States Senate
today denying Prof. Bateman’s charges
against Bryan, and Bryan’s explanation
as to why ho printed Bateman’s name
to Allen’s letter of notification in the
hist campaign, have attracted wide atten
tion in these cities where Bateman is well
known.
An Associated Press reporter waited
upon Mr. Bateman this evening to in
quire it he desired to make any statement
about the circus which he had stirred
up in the Senate and the country. Mr.
Bateman said:
Mr. Bryan says that he took my name
from the newspapers and added it to
Allen’s letter of notification. This is de
cidcilly rich and a unique method of
writing history. It would have cost him
only a two cent stamp to have found out
that I did not sign the letter and that I
had promptly repudiated the sentiments
which it contained. I shall not strain
auj lunum
proof. The forgery of my namo to tho
letter lies between Bryan and Allen and
they can settle the matter to suit them
selves. Senator Allen’s tirade in the Sen
ate yesterday is renewed proof that only
the wounded bird flutters. The lawyer
who lias a bad case usually abuses the
opposing counsel. I shall not retort in
a similar language. I have not seen the
full text of tho senator’s “arraignment”
of myself and therefore do not know tho
extent of his denials. Quite likely he de
nies every thing in sight. It is just as
easy work as to deny in fragments. The
senator is an old hand at that business
and it strains neither his conscierce nor
his constitution. I trust that they may
have another field in the Senate over
the matter.”
Mr. liryan Rises to Explain.
Cincinnati. June 23.—The Enquirer
prints the following statement by the
Eton. W. J. Bryan:
When asked by an Enquirer reporter
concerning the charges made by Prof.
Bateman, tho People's parly candidate
for Governor of Maine last year, Mr.
Bryan said:
sj “No conditions were attached to the
money turned over to Senator Allen ex
cept that it should be used according to
Mr. Allen's judgment for the cause of
bimetallism. All donations were made
for that purpose. The money was divided
between Democrats. Populists and Silver
Republicans in proportion to the vote
cast. To ignore the Populists would have
been an inexcusable slight. The subject
of fusion was not discussed directly or in
directly. Mr. Bateman I presume has
reference to the letter as reproduced in my
book. I took it from the newspapers. If
Prof. Bateman proves to me that it was a
mistake I shall make the change in sub
sequent editions.”
JAPAN MAY WANT TO FIGHT.
Fact Causes Senate Foreign Itelstious
Committee To Go Slow on Hawaii.
Washington, June 23.—The Hawaiian
annexation treaty formed the principal
topic of consideration by the Senate com
mittee on foreign relations at its brief
session today. Tho treaty and accom
panying papers were read and referred to
a sub-committee consisting of Senators
Foraker, Davis and Morgan with in
structions to investigate the entire ques
tion and report to the committee.
The protest from Japan is in such
definite, terms and is directed so squarely
at tho transaction as to cause the com
mittee to feci that the entire matter
should ho handled with the utmost cir
cumspection, as the only way in which
the complications of a serious nature
can be avoided. While there is no dispo
sition on the part of a majority of the
committee to weaken in its support of
the treaty there is a general feeling that
rne trienuiy relations wmcn nave existed
between Japan anil the United States
cull for great deliberation and especial
care in proceeding in the matter. Hence
the appointment of the sub-committee to
consider all the details, the decision to
keep the proceedings of the committee
from the public and the probability that
the committee may not ho able to report
during the present session of Congress.
With reference to this latter point it
may bo stated as extremely probable that
the matter will he held in abeyance by
the sub-committee until Congress con
venes in regular session next December,
for the double purpose of permitting the
committee to make its investigation as
thorough as possible and to permit the
Executive to exert its best efforts through
the use of diplomacy to persuade Japan
of the unwisdom of her course. It is un
derstood in this connection that this delay
is in accordance with the wishes of the
administration as intimated to mem
bers of the Senate.
The opinion was expressed in the com
mittee that a document of the character
of that filed by Japan would, if presented
by a nation more nearly equal of the
United States, lead to very serious diffi
culties, but there is a general desire to
extend unusual consideration towards
the Asiatic state, not only because of the
uniformly friendly relations existing be
tween that country and this, but also
because it is felt that Japan’s success in
her war with China may have had the
effect of arousing a spirit of combative'
ness which is not warranted in the opin
ion of the members of the committee by
her relative size and importance with th«
United States.
A Reply to Japan.
Washington, June 23.—The State De
partment has practically completed its re
ply to the Japanese protest against the
Hawaiian annexation treaty, but has not
yet delivered it. The reply is understood
to he dignified in tone, a strong legal de
fense of our position, which without in
any sense abating our claims, still does
not disdain to support them by much
citation of precedents and international
law.
James T. Kilbreth. collector of the port
of New York, died last night at South
ampton, Ij. I. He has been ill for some
time past with pneumonia.